新托福聽力場(chǎng)景-地球環(huán)境學(xué)科解題技巧詳解

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載新托福聽力場(chǎng)景- 地球環(huán)境學(xué)科解題技巧詳解在之前的文章中，有為考生們講解過(guò)地理地質(zhì)學(xué)的內(nèi)容，在本篇，我們進(jìn)一步來(lái)研究一下地球環(huán)境學(xué)科。前者往往和化學(xué)以及考古學(xué)有所交叉，后者的內(nèi)容更接近我們的實(shí)際生活或認(rèn)知，比如環(huán)境變化。當(dāng)然也會(huì)涉及到許多場(chǎng)景詞匯，廣大考生在備考過(guò)程中還是要認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)備考。下面將帶領(lǐng)大家具體看一下地球環(huán)境學(xué)類的聽力段子應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)。一、概述這一學(xué)科要求考生們要關(guān)注一些時(shí)事，并且擴(kuò)大自己知識(shí)面，開拓視野，可以和地理地質(zhì)學(xué)科一起關(guān)注。大氣環(huán)境，例如赤道無(wú)風(fēng)帶，大氣環(huán)流，全球氣候變化。地面環(huán)境，例如風(fēng)能，地下水的研究與保護(hù)。海洋環(huán)境，例如海底熱液，潮汐能。其他話題，可能

2、和天文學(xué)，生物學(xué)，地理地質(zhì)學(xué)等產(chǎn)生交叉。在此，考生最好能積累背景知識(shí)，多瀏覽一些原汁原味的報(bào)刊雜志，比如 Scientific Americans 、 NationalGeographical等等，多積累相關(guān)詞匯，熟悉發(fā)音。當(dāng)然，剛才也提到了，新托福聽力段子所涉及的話題往往千變?nèi)f化且有所交叉，考生在熟悉背景知識(shí)的同時(shí)也要打牢基礎(chǔ)，培養(yǎng)快速辨音能力和短時(shí)記憶能力，才能以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。二、案例分析請(qǐng)看一個(gè)地球環(huán)境學(xué)的經(jīng)典案例：聽力原文：1) Ok, so we have been talking about theories that deal with the effects ofhuman ac

3、tivity on the climate. But today Iothertheoriesthatcanexplainvariationsis called the Milankovitch HypothesisQ:What is the lecture mainly about? d like to talka little bit aboutin climate.And one of the best-known學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載AA hypothesis that explains how changes in Earth climate.s motions affectBA hypo

4、thesis that explains why the shape of earth s orbit varies overtime.CReasons it is difficult to find evidence to support hypotheses about theclimate.DAnalyses of the accuracy of data collected in different ways.分析：這是一道簡(jiǎn)單的主旨題。我們之前說(shuō)過(guò)，新托福聽力段子一般會(huì)在前幾句出現(xiàn)主旨，所以考生一定要留意前幾句的內(nèi)容。錄音文本中的劃線部分為重點(diǎn)。只要抓住了variationsin c

5、limate，就可以輕松選出A。在記筆記時(shí)，重點(diǎn)標(biāo)出“climate變”即可。2)Now, when Milankovitch first proposed this theory in the 1920s, many of hiscolleagueswere skeptical. Milankovitch didn t have any proof.Actually therewouldn t be any evidence to support his hypothesis until the 1970s, whenoceanographers were able to drill dee

6、p into the seafloor and collect samples,samples which were then analyzed by geologists.and this showed that earthsclimate had changed pretty much the wayMilankovitch s hypothesis suggested it would.So this evidence was pretty strong supportfor the Milankovitch Hypothesis.And by the 1980s, most peopl

7、e accepted this theory.However, inthe late 1980s, some scientists were exploring Devil sHole Well,the Devilbasically s Hole findings contradictedthe ones obtained during the 1970s, sothe questionwas, were theages of one or both the samples were wrong,學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載or were scientists misunderstanding the s

8、ignificance of the evidence.Q:What is the significance of the evidence found on the ocean floor?AIt negated earlier evidence that Milankovitch found.BIt led the development of new methods to measure global climate changes.CIt helped Milankovitch first formulate his hypothesis.DIt confirmed Milankovi

9、tch s hypothesis.分析：解這道題的關(guān)鍵在于ocean floor。原文中提到pretty strongsupport ，所以應(yīng)該是支持性的，選 D。考生注意，只要出現(xiàn)不同理論，一定要搞清楚理論列出來(lái)的目的，即它所支持的內(nèi)容是什么。16. What did calcite deposits from Devils Hole reveal?AInaccurate information about long-term climate changes.BEvidence that contradicted Milankovitchs hypothesis.CEvidence that

10、 climate changes occur only locally.DVariations in Earth s orbit that had little impact on climate.分析：這道題故意繞了個(gè)彎子。我們前面提到， 米蘭科維奇假說(shuō)在70 年代被證實(shí)， 在此前是沒(méi)有證據(jù)的 ; 下文又說(shuō)80 年代時(shí)在魔窟里發(fā)現(xiàn)的方解石樣本又與70 年代 seafloor 中發(fā)現(xiàn)的樣本相沖突，因此可以得出結(jié)論：魔窟里的發(fā)現(xiàn)是不支持米蘭科維奇假說(shuō)的，所以選 B。背景知識(shí)：米蘭科維奇假說(shuō)認(rèn)為地球運(yùn)動(dòng)的變化，特別是繞太陽(yáng)軌道的變化，這些變化會(huì)導(dǎo)致太陽(yáng)到達(dá)地球能量的不同。并且正是這些從太陽(yáng)到達(dá)地球能量的不同導(dǎo)致了地球氣候的變化。三、考點(diǎn)追蹤學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載地球環(huán)境的聽力段子難度不會(huì)太大，主要考察以下幾點(diǎn)：主旨靠前考生一定要豎起耳朵仔細(xì)聽前幾句。上下文邏輯關(guān)系這不僅要看邏輯信號(hào)詞，還得留心段與段之間的關(guān)系，體會(huì)一下是支持還是反對(duì)。如果有不同理論或研究調(diào)查的出現(xiàn)，要搞清每個(gè)支持什么觀點(diǎn)。表示判斷的詞比如這里出現(xiàn)的support和 contradict。分類順序詞理論中可能會(huì)涉及到許多因素，記筆記時(shí)要