淺談大學(xué)英語閱讀技巧

1、淺談大學(xué)英語閱讀技巧abstract reading is one of the four important skills in english as a seco nd or foreign language it is also a skill that the students need to possess to support independent and self-directed learning with the information age? s arrival, the english materials gradually change from paper mat

2、erials to electronic ones so, it becomes more and more important for english majors to speed up their reading in order to acquire as much information as possible thus, fostering a good english reading habit is essential for students and being able to adopt different reading skills for different read

3、ing materials and purposes wi 11 also help the students read more effectively. the paper mainly concerns some english reading skills and discusses how to foster good english reading habits for col 1 ege studentskey words characteristics: english reading; make notes; foster the english reading habits

4、【摘要】閱讀是學(xué)習(xí)第二外語的必須掌握的四項基本技能2, 也是大學(xué)生用于自學(xué)須掌握的學(xué)習(xí)策略和技巧。隨著信息時代的到來, 英語閱讀材料漸漸由傳統(tǒng)的紙質(zhì)材料向電子讀物轉(zhuǎn)變，提高英語專業(yè) 學(xué)生的閱讀速度盡可能多的獲取信息變的越來越重要。因此學(xué)生有必 要養(yǎng)成良好的英語閱讀習(xí)慣。學(xué)生能對不同的英語閱讀材料和不同的 閱讀目的采用不同的閱讀方法，也將有助丁他們更加有效的閱讀。本 文主要敘述一些與大學(xué)生相關(guān)的英語閱讀技巧,并且討論了如何養(yǎng)成 良好的英語閱讀習(xí)慣。【關(guān)鍵詞】特點；英語閱讀；做筆記；培養(yǎng)英語閱讀習(xí)慣1. introductionas reading is a part of academic li

5、teracy, english teachers usually have high expectations of a student，s abi1ity to cope with the demands of reading in english most college students wish to read more books reading is a way for college students to be more knowledgeable and successful however, it is also an activity that many college

6、students don' t enjoy very much to succeed at schools, students need to possess a range of strategies and skills that support self-directed learning. traditionally, many of these strategies and skills, some of which are highly generic, are not explicitly taught to students in the expectation tha

7、t students either already have these ski 11s, or wi11 naturally acquire and develop these ski 11s in their course of study. in order to improve the college students' ability of english reading, we should answer the following questions: what are the english reading habits of students? how to beco

8、me an effective reader? how to foster the english reading habits?2. the character!stics of col 1ege studentswith the development of society, science and technology develop at high speed and the competition in the society become sharp studies in the past have shown that the exam-oriented educational

9、system promotes rote 1 earning, and so that there needs to be a paradigm shift in how the college students view education and about the way they learn. most college students read english materials only to pass exams and do not read for pleasure however, the situation changes now in order to become w

10、el 11 ear nt people that the society n eeds, mos t col lege students long for extensive english reading, hoping to do preparation for the future job by this way. at the same time, the purposes of college students are to complete the studies and to obtain good results. in order to adapt to the demand

11、s of society and school, col 1 ege students treat seeking knowledge as the first duty they relate themselves to the society closely, hoping to enrich themselves through reading and become the learned persons who can face the challenges of the societ y. therefore, the motivation of the majority of co

12、llege students is definite it is also obvious that the english reading materials gradually change from the paper materials to the electronic reading materials the internet that opens another window for the college students becomes the most convenient tool for college students to get information. now

13、 the serious problem is that college students can read on some level, but many do not read effectively. in other words, many college students take it for granted that they could understand concepts or lessons by memorizing the english words and information rather than understanding the ideas that ar

14、e expressed by the words consequently, information is retained mainly for the purpose of passing an exam: memorization is mistaken for learning3. effective english reading strategiesbecause a large portion of time at schools is spent on working with written sources, and because there are lots of eng

15、l ish materials to be covered in a short amount of time, it is essential that reading behaviors of english majors should be both purposeful and efficient. reading is talking and discussing with the reader himself, with the author and others so as the readers, the first thing for the readers do is to

16、 accumulate information before reading to ensure the good results of reading, the college students also need to develop effective reading strategies knowing how to read effectively involves accumulating background information before reading, selecting the english materials, understanding the structu

17、re of texts, how to read for different purposes, and how to reflect on your reading3. 1 accumulating background information before reading''reading is a receptive language process it is a psycholinguistic process in that it starts with a linguistic surface representation encoded by a writer

18、and ends with meanings that the reader constructs there is thus an essential in teracti on be twee n lemguage and thought in reading the writer encodes thoughts as language and the reader encodes the language to thought'' reading is not passive but active, and in fact an interactive process

19、that has been recognized for some time in first or native language reading1 in the english reading, it is a process that needs not only the college students' activeparticipation, predication and information processing, but alsotheir prior experience and background knowledge.“l(fā)anguage is a part o

20、f culture and also the carrier and thecontainer of culture. language and culture is closely related,each influencingand shaping the other. to learn a foreignlanguage impliesto learn the culture in which it is spoken. ”“reading isa kind of verbal communication< the readerscommunicate withthe autho

21、r(s) through the text. in this way,culture factors are inherent to the reading act and thereforeinfluence the readers? control over the input (byra met al1994) ” in the reading process, we can not understand orinterpret a text without the influence of our previous socialexperience and social context

22、 in which the reading takes place.the text we read, the topic we are interested in as we 11 as theway we approach are culturally constructed (kress, 1989). ” 3the cultural factors play an important role in the process of english reading some cultural factors cause problems in reading directly so as

23、to confuse col lege students and hinder their understanding. other culture misundersta.ndings may dangle in their mind and prevent them from grasping the real meaning. 4culture and language are closely related to each other as one way of communication, reading english materials reflect cultural diff

24、erences through the language in written form the readers should aware the cultural differences and try their best to accumulate background knowledge of al 1 sorts so the first piece of advice that will be given here is to do as much reading as the students can.college students in the school can make

25、 use of the library resources to support their study and seif-1earning. the kinds of resources include english books, english journal articles, english magazines, etc，as well as a wide range of library services now thousands of books, magazines, journal articles and newspapers have electrical versio

26、ns it is no doubt that the col 1 ege students' task wi 11 be much easier if they know some websites they really want to find online3. 2 improving your english reading strategies3. 2. 1 choice readingchoice reading is very important actually it is a process of selecting english materials the read

27、er should clearly recognize the classification of the english books and should certainly know which type of english book he is reading it is best if the reader know his purpose of reading before reading starts. tt means that the reader should turn his attention to practical goals to receive the info

28、rmation, the reader can read not only the book title, the subtitle, the table of contents, but also the author，s preface, the abstract introduction and the index these are all the information that authors want to transmit to the reader. according to these clues, the col 1ege students can choose diff

29、erent types of english reading materials with the different demands the college students should also be aware that different reading skills should be adopted when the english reading material are different3.2.2 i low to select english sourcesin order to get useful information, the college students h

30、ad better answer the following two questions: how well those english sources meet the purpose of reading? how reliably the author presents those ideas and information in the book? the college students have better read things they are interested in so that the hard work required for comprehension wil

31、l seem much more pleasurable also, the college students will be much more eager to understand what they are reading, not only as a means to improve their reading comprehension, but also as a means to better understand the interesting subject-matter. the process of selecting an english source include

32、s examining its publisher, its reference and its author(s) depending on the reader? s purpose of reading, it can also involve assessing timeliness some ways of selecting english sources are follows:(i) pay more attention to the timelinesswhen a book is published, it always has a special social backg

33、round for example, if a reader wants to find some information about computers, he' d better check the materials published after 1940s(ii) evaluating the publisher of an english bookexperi enced readers may have some i nformati on about a book' s publisher lie may know the book that is publis

34、hed by an individual, an organizetion or government agency. generally speaking, authors and publishers usually have a bias about a particular topic or issue when the publisher is a scholarly or professional journal, the reader can often gain an understanding of what kinds of articles it publishes by

35、 looking over the contents of several issues of the journal or by reading a few of the articles found within it. it is very important for the english majors to know some famous publishers of the english-speaking countries(iii) evaluating the relevance of an english bookif a reader reads with a defin

36、ite purpose, such as for a research project, he should have a look at the relevance firstly. relevance is the extent to which a source provides information that person can use in evaluating the materials there are several ways to determine whether the information presented in a scholarly or professi

37、onal journal article is likely to be relevant to the readers reading purpose there are two main strategies to help the reader to determine whether the article is relevant to readers? needs and interests. an abstract一a brief description of the article and its resultsoften appears at the beg inning of

38、 the article when an abstract is not used,an article，s introduction often provides similar information.(iv) evaluating the author(s) of an english booktn order to get a better understanding of a book, the reader had better know the author (s) as much as possible no matter what kind of book the reade

39、r chooses to read, it's important to know its author or authors "most scholarly or professional journal articles contain a short biographical note about the author of an article tf these biographical notes have not been ineluded and the reader would like to learn more about them, he might c

40、onsider searching for each author on the net an increasing number of authors have created home pages on which they list information about themselves, such as their educational background, professional experience, and interests ” 53.3 the process of english readingif the readers face with a difficult

41、 and complex english text, or if they do not read effective! y un der no rmal circumstances, the readers can improve the way of reading by being more purposeful in the approach to reading.think of reading as a three-stage process that consists of:(1) plan for english reading(2) english reading(3) re

42、flection3. 3. 1 planning for english readingplanning for english reading wi11 help the reader to give the reading a focus the reader can do preparation of reading by asking the following questions:what does the reader wants to get out of reading this english text?are there any ideas that should be t

43、aken inlo english reading?why has this particular english text been selected?can the english text be subdivided into sections to read?what has skim reading told the reader about the english text?3.3.2 english readingwhen a reader reads, the reader is looking at the communication of some kind of mean

44、ing in a structure since writers choose to organize material in a particular way, the reader needs to be able to see this structure in the text “in texts ideas are built up from sentence to paragraph to whole text; ideas and concepts tend to be developed from parts or segments to a whole the uses of

45、 reading focus attention on authors as readers, on the use of sources, and on the art of reading as a writer ” 6 understanding the structure of an english text will help the college students to know how to read it.there are two main aspects of structure(1) the development of ideas in sentences and p

46、aragraphs; (eg, some authors show their main viewpoints in the first or lastsentence)(2) the development of the argumentonce a focus has been developed for reading, how the col 1 ege students read a particular english text depending on the nature and structure of the english text the following are s

47、ome useful guiding principles that the student had better keep in mind(1) identify the starting point of the writer， s argument -usually this will be found in the first or second paragraph(2) remember that english follow rules of grammar by understanding the rules that govern speech, the reader can

48、el iminate some fal se conclusions and gain a better understanding of what is being said(3) see if the reader can detect any assumptions the writer has made, or the start of a particular method of argument(4) identify important, or central, ideas (or any stated principles) in paragraphs as the reade

49、r reads them(if there is more than one, try to work out which is the most important or central);(5) evaluate the evidence that has been presented in support of ideas or principles, and decide whether the evidence is relevant, persuasive, and convincing;(6) assess whether the conclusions are justifie

50、d on the basis of the evidence that has been presentedafter the reader has read carefully through the english text in full, as suggested above, make some brief notes on:(1) the understanding of the english text;(2) the preliminary response to the ideas and arguments that have been presentecl.in the

51、process of reading an english essay, the college students should try to read without stopping when meeting unfamiliar words and phrases the college students can underline the new words and look them up in a dietionary after finishing.if reading is often interrupted, the college students will find th

52、at it is very difficult to create an understanding of a whole text gen erally speaking, reading interruption has the opposite effect and even causes the reading to be fragmented if the col 1 ege students keep stopping, it might be difficult to create an overview of an article and to remember what th

53、ey have read uactually, guessing the meaning based on the context is a better or more rewarding way. the reader can guess the meaning since any sentence; paragraph or even the whole passage is a unity. ”7 the meaning guessing strategy has been proved more effective than stopping the reader? s readin

54、g to look up individual words when the college students try to figure out a word's meaning from the context, they can answer the following questions what does the close meaning of the word? what is the function of the word in the sentence? ts the word nonsensical in the sentence? by decoding the

55、 meaning of words in context, the college students are more likely to increase their reading speed, comprehension, and vocabulary. the college students can also guess the meaning of words through the cause and effect relation. “cause and effect relation is a common and logic relation that can provid

56、e us with the infonnation of the meaning of the new words a certain cause must lead to a certain effect and a certain resuit must be caused by a certain cause ” 8 during the process of reading, the college students may find some symbol words for the relation, such as because, as, since, therefore, a

57、s a result, etc these words will help the college students to grasp the whole idea of the essay. 3. 3. 3 reflectioninteracting with a piece of english reading material includes responding to the content of what the reader is reading so while reading, the college students should not accept passively

58、what an author says instead, they should ask questions, argue, comment, and match their experience and what they know against what the author is talking about they should think about what they have read for a few minutes, and then consider the following:(1) are there any unanswered questions about the meaning of the english text? if so, they should go back and skim read and/or read specific sections again.(2) have they fai1ed to recognize any assumption?(3) have they understood the section of the english textrelated?(4)