非謂語(yǔ)之現(xiàn)在分詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、非謂語(yǔ)之現(xiàn)在分詞. V-ing （ 現(xiàn)在分詞 /動(dòng)名詞 ） 動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式也是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 -ing 形式仍保留有動(dòng)詞的 特征，可以帶有其所需要的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成 -ing 短語(yǔ)。一、 V-ing 的形式：V-ing 有一般式和完成式。 及物動(dòng)詞的 -ing 還有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 而不及物動(dòng)詞的 V-ing 則沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在以及物動(dòng)詞 make 和不及物動(dòng)詞 go 為例，將其 -ing 各種形式列表如 下：動(dòng)詞 語(yǔ) 態(tài) 形式及物動(dòng)詞 make不及物動(dòng) 詞 go主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式二、 V-ing 的語(yǔ)法作用V-ing 分詞一方面具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)

2、于一個(gè)名詞或 形容詞、副詞，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)（一） V-ing（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)： is easier than doing. 說(shuō)比做容易。 注意：在下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中， V-ing 分詞也作主語(yǔ)。 為了保持句子平衡，通常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真實(shí)主語(yǔ)放在句末。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作無(wú)益的后悔是沒(méi)有用的。It's a waste of time .辯論這事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。2. V-ing（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)： V-ing 分詞作表語(yǔ)可以表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容是什么。如：Their job is. 他們的工作是蓋房子。 V-

3、ing 分詞（使役動(dòng)詞）作表語(yǔ)可以表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征。如：This story is very interesting.這故事很有趣。 這個(gè)問(wèn)題很令人困惑。 這條信息令人鼓舞。形式令人鼓舞。3. V -ing 作賓語(yǔ)： V ing 作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。如：The students wasted much time （in） playing computer gamesWe enjoy attending Miss Li's class. 我們喜歡聽(tīng)李老師的課。I suggest .我建議用另一種方法做這件事。高中階段常見(jiàn)的能接 -ing 分詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞： （介意）, （建議）, （欣賞，）

4、 , （承認(rèn)） , （感激，欣賞） , （避免） , （推遲）, （不喜歡，厭惡） , （逃脫） , （完成） , （寬恕） ,（想象） , （保持） , （錯(cuò)過(guò)） , （訓(xùn)練） , （抵 抗，抵制）, （冒險(xiǎn)） , （拒絕，否認(rèn)）, （考慮） allow, permit, advise,consider, forbid, 等。 V-ing 作賓語(yǔ)也可用在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中作真正的賓語(yǔ)，而用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)。如：I don ' t thinitk p ossible living in such a cold place.我認(rèn)為住在這么寒冷的地方是不可能的。Do you consider ?你

5、覺(jué)得再試一次會(huì)有好處嗎？ V-ing 作介詞賓語(yǔ)，經(jīng)常用在一些短語(yǔ)的后面。如：I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反對(duì)邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)吃飯。He went to London in the hope of.他去了倫敦，希望能成為一個(gè)著名的畫(huà)家。注意：在有些句子中，介詞?？墒∪ァＨ纾篒 have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外國(guó)人交談方面沒(méi)有什么困難。What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我們結(jié)婚？ 動(dòng)名詞前省略介詞 i

6、n 的常用結(jié)構(gòu) be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事 have difficulty(in) doing sth 做有困難 have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困難 have a problem(in) doing sth 做有困難 have a good time / fun (in) doing sth 做某事很開(kāi)心 have a hard time(in) doing sth 做很辛苦 spend money(time) (in) doing sth 花錢(qián)(時(shí)間)做某事 waste money(time) (in) doing sth 浪費(fèi)

7、錢(qián)(時(shí)間)做某事 There is no difficulty(in) doing sth 做某事沒(méi)有困難 There is no need / use(in) doing sth 做某事沒(méi)有用 There is no point(in) doing sth 做某事沒(méi)有意義高中階段常見(jiàn)的帶介詞 to 的短語(yǔ)，后接 -ing 分詞或名詞。如：admit to (承認(rèn)) , contribute to (捐助、貢獻(xiàn)) , get down to(著手做) , lead to (導(dǎo)致) ,look forward to (期待) , turn to (求助于) , stick to(忠于、 堅(jiān)持)

8、, see to (注意、 處理) , be used to (習(xí)慣于) , devote oneself to (獻(xiàn)身于) , pay attention to. 下列動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式又可跟 Ving 的動(dòng)詞，區(qū)別如下(1).begin 和 start 本身為進(jìn)行時(shí)，或后面動(dòng)詞為心理變化意義的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須接不定式。 When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong. (2).有些詞后面既可以接

9、不定式亦可接動(dòng)名詞，但其意義有很大區(qū)別，須特別注意： Aremember，forget，regret 接動(dòng)名詞，表示完成意義 (=having done) ，接不定式，表示將來(lái) 意義：Please remember (bring)me the book I want next time.I remember (see) her (=having seen her) somewhere before.Don't forget (write)to me soon.I never forget (visit) (=having visited) them for the first time

10、.I regret (miss) that good film last week.( 后悔干 事 )I regret not (take) (not having taken) your advice.I regret (say) I can't take your advice. ( 遺憾 =be sorry)B mean： mean to do=want to do 打算，想要 ；mean doing：意味著，就是I am sorry, I didn't mean (hurt)your feelings ，Learning a foreign language doesn

11、't mean just (work) in class.Cstop：stop to do 停下來(lái)，要干另一件事，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)；stop doing 停止干 ，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。After some time, they stopped (work)and had a rest.After walking some time, they stopped (have)a rest.Dtry：try to do ，努力，試圖干 事； try doing ：試著干 事He searched everywhere and tried (find) his key.He came to the

12、city from the countryside and tried(find) a job.The mother is out and the boy had to try (cook) for himself.They tried to succeed and tried (do) their experiments again and again.E want ，need， require 接動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞之 為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。The bike requires (repair).These young trees require (look after).The matt

13、er needs (think)over.(=to be thought over)A Mr. Wang wants (see) you.You don't need (leave)so early.Fgo on：go on to do 繼續(xù)干和原來(lái)不同的另一件事，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。 go on doing 繼續(xù)干原來(lái)同一件事，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。After a smoke ， he went on (tell)us that interesting story.After writing the composition he went on (work)out his mathsprobl

14、ems.G動(dòng)詞 advise， allow ， permit ， forbid 后面接單賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞， 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用動(dòng)詞不定式。Doctors advise smoking to benefit one's health. 放棄The doctor advised him smoking so as to improve hishealth. 放棄She doesn't allow (permit) in her room. 抽煙I be used to doing 習(xí)慣于 be used to do 被用來(lái)做I m used to . 早晨六點(diǎn)起床Wood is used

15、. 被用來(lái)制作家具Jcan ' t help doing情不自禁 can't he ltpo do 不能幫助做 Hearing the news, she . 不禁大哭I couldn 't help . 打掃教師4. V-ing 分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) ： V-ing 分詞做 see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, 等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 I saw two dogs fighting fiercely.I saw the child being beaten by his father.注： V-in

16、g 分詞作賓語(yǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程或動(dòng)作的結(jié)束。I heard someone knocking at the door.I heard someone knock at the door. Three times.I noticed a manwhen I got off the car.我下車的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來(lái)。 做 leave, keep, catch, find 等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如： Don't leave the boy waiting at the gate in such a cold day.Last night the

17、 shopkeeper caught in the shop. 昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一個(gè)小孩在偷東西。5. V-ing 作定語(yǔ) ： 單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞的前面。如： room 閱覽室 pool 游泳池a car 一輛等待著的車a child 一個(gè)酣睡的孩子a speech 令人乏味的演講 V-ing 分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如： When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 當(dāng)她出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，約翰穿著一件又臟又破的大衣高興地跑

18、了過(guò)去。Who is the comrade ?站在門(mén)邊的同志是誰(shuí)？6. V-ing 分詞做狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨 V-ing 分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)可由連詞when, while 引出。如：Hearing the news, he couldn 't help thinking the days in the college. Walking out of the room, he found the boy still there.While, he nodded from time to time.他一邊看書(shū)，一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。,

19、 she remembered her childhood. 看到那些畫(huà)，他想起了她的童年。 V-ing 分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ) ，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如： Being ill, he couldn 't go to school.Many of us, being so excited, couldn' t go to sleep that night.因?yàn)榉浅＜?dòng)，那晚我們?cè)S多人都沒(méi)睡著。, he asked the teacher for help. 因?yàn)椴恢廊绾谓膺@道物理難題， 他求助老師。 Ving 分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 。如：By 182

20、0,the population of New York had grown to about 125,000, making it the largest city in USA.He hit a parked car, thus breaking his leg.His father died, .他父親死了，留給他許多錢(qián)。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, . 她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。 V-ing 分詞也可作條件狀， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如： Having time, I 'll c

21、ome and help you.Thinking it carefully, you will not take the job. , you will find the path leading to the park. 向左轉(zhuǎn)你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)通向公園的路。 V-ing 分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ) ，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語(yǔ)的另一個(gè)較次要的 動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于并列句。如：“You can't catch me.” Jane shouted, running away.They sat in the garden, thinking about the days they spent toge

22、ther.They sat in front of the house, 他們坐在房前聊天。They stood there for half an hour, in the sky.他們?cè)谀莾赫玖税胄r(shí)，觀察著天上的星星。 讓步狀語(yǔ) ，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。Being ill, he still came to school.He is unhappy, though having a lot of money.Whether supporting or not, I 'll go on with it . 方式狀語(yǔ)Children usually count the numbers,

23、 by using their fingers. They show disagreement shaking their hands.She came. 她向我們跑來(lái)。注： -ing 分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)。四、高中階段有一些固定的 -ing 分詞短語(yǔ) ，如 generally speaking（一般來(lái)說(shuō)） , judging from （根據(jù)來(lái)判斷） , considering （考慮到） , talking of （談到，提到） , supposing（假如） providing （假如） concerning（關(guān)于 .）等，它們的邏輯主語(yǔ)和 句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。這種

24、短語(yǔ)可以被稱之為句子的狀語(yǔ)，也可當(dāng)作一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)。如： , he must come from Canada.從他的口音看他一定來(lái)自加拿大。, we decided to let him attend the concert for free. 考慮到他是多么 的窮，我們決定讓他免費(fèi)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一般式和完成時(shí). V-ing 的一般式和完成式：2.V-ing 的完成式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 。賓語(yǔ)I regret.=I regret that I didn 't take her advice.I regret .I don 't remember .

25、=I don 't remember that I have ever promised you that.I apologize forHe was praised forI have no idea of their 非限制性定語(yǔ)The problem , having been discussed for years , has been solved.The old man, having worked for twenty years abroad, is now on his way to his motherland. 狀語(yǔ) he failed the examinati

26、ons.= As he didn 't study his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. they decided to put off the meeting.=As he hadn't got well prepared, they decided to put off the meeting. he decided to write again.=As he hadn't received her letter, he decided to write again., he knows little

27、about it.=As he hasn't been there before, he knows little about it. , he knows how to operate the machine.=After he was a worker for many years , he knows how to operate the machine.現(xiàn)在分詞練習(xí)題（二）the lecture.ta lecture the following day.B. attending; there beingD. to attend; there be1. We didn '

28、t find the Blacks_ No one had told them aboutA. attended; there to be C. attend; there was D2. Have you forgottena ruler from Betty? Please rememberit toher tomorrow.A. borrowing; to returnC. to borrow; to returnB. borrowing; returningD. to borrow; returning3. The wild flower looked like a soft oran

29、ge blanketthe desert.A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover4. Tom ' s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It's no usewith him.A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued5. The storm left,a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have caused C. to causeD. having caused6.

30、 , the more expensive the camera, the better its qualityA. General speakingC. Generally speaking7. “You can ' t catch me!A. run B. runningB. Speaking generalD. Speaking generallyJane shouted,away.C. to runD. ran8. I could ' t do my homework with all that noiseA. going on B. goes on C. went o

31、nD. to go on9. He got well- prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt riskthe goodopportunity.A. to lose B. losingC. to be lost D. being lost10.for many years, the two brothers canA. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. To be separated11. The manager,it clear to us tha

32、t he didnt recognize each other.t agree with us, left the meetingroom.A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making12. I really can' t understandher like that.A. you treatB. you to treat C. why treatD. you treating13. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and jokes

33、.A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up14. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are picturesin your mind instead of before your eyes!A. to form B. form C. formingD. having formed15. Don ' t leave the waterwhile you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C.

34、 being run D. to run16. According to a recent survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week .T VA. to watch B. to watchingC. watchingD. watch17. The man insisteda taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. findB. to findC. on finding D. in finding18. Having been ill in bed for nearly a mont

35、h, he had a hard timethe exam.A. passB. to passC. passed D. passing19. He looked around and caught a manhis hand into the pocket of apassenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is foundin the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked21. Th

36、e discovery of new evidence led to .A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught22. I couldn ' t find my key to the car whenhome.A. leavingB. to leaveC. left D. having left23. I really appreciateto relax with you on this nice island.A. to have ha

37、d time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time24. One learns a language by making mistakes andthem.A. correctB. correcting C. correctsD. to correct25. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had tosome schools for poorchildren.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up26. Som

38、etimes new ideas have to be tested many times before .A. accept fully B. fully accepting C. fully been accepted D. being fully accepted27. this, you should have no trouble with the difficult work.A. Knowing B. If you are knowing C. From knowing D. If you had known28. Tony was very unhappy forto the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invited D. not having been invited2