第十一章 反譯法

1、第十一章第十一章反譯法反譯法Translate the following sentences1. It was all I could do not to laugh.2. The problem is much alive.3. We must be content with moderate hopes.4. National university, the pride of the prewar educational systems, were closed to women.5. We cannot wait to see you.6. Nowadays, few academic

2、 lectures of traditional style rise above dullness.Translations 1. 我差點(diǎn)笑出來(lái)了。2. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有解決。3. 我們不能抱有過(guò)高的希望。4. 國(guó)立大學(xué)，在戰(zhàn)前是教育制度上的驕傲，當(dāng)時(shí)是不收女生的。5. 我們要馬上見(jiàn)你。6. 當(dāng)今，多數(shù)傳統(tǒng)模式的學(xué)術(shù)講座都十分乏味。 反譯法反譯法反譯就是指原文字面上沒(méi)有反譯就是指原文字面上沒(méi)有否定詞否定詞而譯文有，或者原而譯文有，或者原文字面上有否定詞而譯文沒(méi)有。文字面上有否定詞而譯文沒(méi)有。狹義反譯就是譯文反面來(lái)表達(dá)原文。廣義 Rationale (理?yè)?jù)理?yè)?jù))能直譯就直譯能直譯就直譯，即以肯

3、定譯即以肯定譯肯定或以否定肯定或以否定譯否定譯否定但是有時(shí)候，但是有時(shí)候，直譯未必通順直譯未必通順、符合漢語(yǔ)表、符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)達(dá)甚至有時(shí)候直甚至有時(shí)候直譯未必可行譯未必可行1.從正面下筆無(wú)法譯出的詞語(yǔ)從正面下筆無(wú)法譯出的詞語(yǔ) 由于兩種語(yǔ)言用詞上的差異，英語(yǔ)中有些詞語(yǔ)，由于兩種語(yǔ)言用詞上的差異，英語(yǔ)中有些詞語(yǔ)，或或以肯定詞形表達(dá)否定或排除以肯定詞形表達(dá)否定或排除含義，或加含義，或加“de-”de-”，“disdis-”-”等等否定詞頭或詞尾表達(dá)肯定否定詞頭或詞尾表達(dá)肯定含義或與含義或與“not”not”連用卻表達(dá)肯定含義連用卻表達(dá)肯定含義等詞語(yǔ)，等詞語(yǔ)，翻譯時(shí)往往找不到完全對(duì)等的漢語(yǔ)詞，這種情翻譯

4、時(shí)往往找不到完全對(duì)等的漢語(yǔ)詞，這種情況下可以考慮采用反譯法處理。況下可以考慮采用反譯法處理。Examples After the ship unloads at Tilburg Dock, the goods will go to the container freight station. 船在蒂爾堡碼頭卸貨后,貨物將送入集裝箱貨運(yùn)站。A single market will result in many sweeping changes to the European economy, not least the creation of larger companies. 單一市場(chǎng)將導(dǎo)致歐

5、洲經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生許多決定性(有影響力）的變化，尤其是導(dǎo)致更大公司的建立。Examples In your eagerness to secure profits, you have failed to give due consideration to the sellers standpoints. 也許貴公司由于求利心切而未能適當(dāng)考慮賣方的立場(chǎng)。For whatever reason, many mainstream media institutions have decided to take a pass on this story. 出于各種原因，許多主流傳媒機(jī)構(gòu)都決定對(duì)此事不予報(bào)道。Ex

6、amples In the absence of a settlement through negotiation, the case under dispute can be submitted to arbitration. 如果通過(guò)談判找不到解決辦法，爭(zhēng)執(zhí)之事可提交仲裁。Many skills now used in industry require mental rather than physical ability. 在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的許多技術(shù)需要腦力勞動(dòng)，而不是體力勞動(dòng)。Examples There could hardly be a better example of the pow

7、er that lies in word. 這個(gè)例子最能說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言的力量十分強(qiáng)大。It was not until years later that we heard of his dismissal from that company. 直到數(shù)年之后，我們才聽(tīng)說(shuō)他被那家公司解雇了。2. 從正面下筆難以譯得確切、通順的詞語(yǔ)從正面下筆難以譯得確切、通順的詞語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中還有些詞語(yǔ)雖然可以從正面來(lái)譯，但譯出來(lái)卻很勉強(qiáng)，難以達(dá)到確切、通順、簡(jiǎn)潔的效果，這種情況也可以考慮采用反譯法處理。Examples APEC will have to be non-discriminatory and it will

8、have to seek to be open rather than closed in its approach. 亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織必須是沒(méi)有歧視的，并且態(tài)度上是開(kāi)放的而非封閉的。 亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織必須一視同仁，并且態(tài)度上是開(kāi)放的而非封閉的。Examples But even though Japan now has a larger surplus with the Asia than with either the US or Europe, Asia is likely to receive less attention. 不過(guò)，即使日本對(duì)亞洲地區(qū)的貿(mào)易順差比美國(guó)或不過(guò)，即使日本對(duì)亞

9、洲地區(qū)的貿(mào)易順差比美國(guó)或歐洲大，但該地區(qū)還是會(huì)受到歐洲大，但該地區(qū)還是會(huì)受到相對(duì)少的注意相對(duì)少的注意。 不過(guò)，即使日本對(duì)亞洲地區(qū)的貿(mào)易順差比美國(guó)或不過(guò)，即使日本對(duì)亞洲地區(qū)的貿(mào)易順差比美國(guó)或歐洲大，但該地區(qū)仍可能是歐洲大，但該地區(qū)仍可能是不大引人注意的不大引人注意的地區(qū)。地區(qū)。Examples The manager doubted the necessity of a negotiation to be held at this time. 總經(jīng)理懷疑此時(shí)舉行談判的必要性。 總經(jīng)理認(rèn)為此時(shí)舉行談判并無(wú)必要。Examples He is always lethargic after little

10、 sleep. 一少睡，他就就無(wú)精打采。 他一睡眠不足，就無(wú)精打采。we dont think it is necessary to use an agent in that country. 我們不認(rèn)為在那個(gè)國(guó)家使用代理商是必要的。 我們認(rèn)為在那個(gè)國(guó)家使用代理商是沒(méi)有必要的。Attention 在英漢翻譯過(guò)程中，我們還會(huì)常常遇到這樣一些情況，即原詞所表達(dá)的并不是其字面意義，而是其字面意義的反義，或者說(shuō)是對(duì)其字面意義的否定，可這種否定又往往不出現(xiàn)否定詞或者暗含否定的詞。Riot police 防暴警察Crisis law 反危機(jī)法案Inflation is the target of bank

11、s new policy 銀行新政策的目標(biāo)是制止通貨膨脹。Attention 有時(shí)候，反譯會(huì)在語(yǔ)氣上產(chǎn)生一定的差別，要慎重考慮。 The price is not unacceptable. 此價(jià)格并非不可以接受。 / 此價(jià)可以接受。 It will not be impossible for us to sell another cargo of Crude Oil to you in the second half of this year. 我們?cè)诮衲晗掳肽暝俟┵F方一船原油并不是不可能的事。/ 我們?cè)诮衲晗掳肽暧锌赡茉俟┵F方一船原油。Exercise 1.A lack of awaren

12、ess of cultural differences or local customs can create problems.2.We very much regret that the current general slackness of the market has prevented us from placing new orders with you.3.The company bases its prices largely on competitors prices, with less attention paid to cost or demand considera

13、tions.4.It is not uncommon to find that a firm literally has lost its entire operating profit for the year in the exchange losses.5.No summit of the EC leaders could take place without the divisive issue being at or near the top of agenda.6.The crops failed because the season had been dry.7.The United Nations has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.8.Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.Translations 1.沒(méi)有注