高三定語從句復(fù)習(xí)精品名師資料

1、the man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行詞先行詞放置于名詞之放置于名詞之_，修飾名詞的從句，修飾名詞的從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞連接作用連接作用1.2. 在從句中充當(dāng)成分在從句中充當(dāng)成分后后關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞2. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞1. 指人指人2.指物指物3. 指某一情況指某一情況that whowhom whosethat which whosewhich as不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”when where why(主語主語/賓語賓語)(狀語狀語)1、_ is often the case, w

2、e have worked out the production plan.（04江蘇）江蘇） a. which b. when c. what d. as 2、john said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. （01北京春季）北京春季） ahe bthis cwhich dwho考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞: asd dc c1. 非限制性定語從句一般采用非限制性定語從句一般采用 which 或或 as 來來引導(dǎo)。使用這兩個(gè)詞時(shí)要注意兩點(diǎn)：引導(dǎo)。使用這兩個(gè)詞時(shí)要注意兩點(diǎn)： （1）as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句

3、之前，而引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，而which 引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。（2）從意義上講，）從意義上講，which 指前面主句的內(nèi)容；指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而而 as 指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的東西，因此常譯成東西，因此常譯成“就象就象那樣、正如那樣、正如所所的的”。 the same as / such as 的使用問題的使用問題當(dāng)先行詞被當(dāng)先行詞被 the same 所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可以用以用 as，也可以用也可以用 that。在表示具體事物時(shí)，在表示具體事物時(shí)，有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說來，表

4、示同一有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說來，表示同一種類多用種類多用 as，表示同一事物多用表示同一事物多用 that。如：如：this is the same instrument that i used yesterday. 這就是我昨天用過的那臺(tái)儀器。這就是我昨天用過的那臺(tái)儀器。 this is the same instrument as i used yesterday. 這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過的那臺(tái)一樣。這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過的那臺(tái)一樣。 在在抽象概念抽象概念上，同種類和同一事物是上，同種類和同一事物是沒有絕對(duì)區(qū)別的，所以兩個(gè)詞可換用：沒有絕對(duì)區(qū)別的，所以兩個(gè)詞可換用：i have the

5、same opinion as / that you have. such as 與與such thathe is such a good teacher _ we all love and respect.a that b. as c. who d. sob他是那樣一位好老師，我們大家都熱愛和尊他是那樣一位好老師，我們大家都熱愛和尊敬他。敬他。他是一位我們大家都熱愛和尊敬的好老師。他是一位我們大家都熱愛和尊敬的好老師。比較：比較：he is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him.定語從句定語從句狀語從句狀語從句1. it i

6、s such an interesting book _ we all want to read twice.2. it is such an interesting book_ we all want to read it twice.3.i have never heard such stories _ he tells. a. as b. that c. which d. what asathat考點(diǎn)二：分析有無先行詞考點(diǎn)二：分析有無先行詞,巧解定語從句試題巧解定語從句試題先行詞是被定語從句所修飾的中心名詞先行詞是被定語從句所修飾的中心名詞,沒有沒有它的存在它的存在,定語從句就不能成立。

7、定語從句就不能成立。例例1: he made another wonderful discovery ,_of great importance to science. a. which i think isb. which i think it is c. which i think itd. i think which isa因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的詞因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的詞,故故b、c為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng),另外關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)緊接在先另外關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)緊接在先行詞后面行詞后面,所以插入語所以插入語i think應(yīng)放在關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)放在關(guān)系代詞后面。后面。例例2: is this

8、factory_ you visited yesterday?a. which b. that c. where d. the oned不少同學(xué)可能會(huì)將不少同學(xué)可能會(huì)將factory作為先行詞而作為先行詞而誤選誤選a或或b,其實(shí)將該句還原成陳述句：其實(shí)將該句還原成陳述句：this factory is_ you visited yesterday.時(shí)時(shí),可以清楚地發(fā)現(xiàn)該定語從可以清楚地發(fā)現(xiàn)該定語從句句缺少在從句中作賓語的先行詞缺少在從句中作賓語的先行詞,所以應(yīng)所以應(yīng)填填the one。分析語境含義及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知分析語境含義及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該空缺少該空缺少先行詞和在定語從句中作主語的關(guān)系代先行詞

9、和在定語從句中作主語的關(guān)系代詞詞,所以應(yīng)填所以應(yīng)填those who。例例3: the students in our class study harder than _are in their class. a. who b. those who c. that d. whichb考點(diǎn)三：有時(shí)先行詞含義較為抽象考點(diǎn)三：有時(shí)先行詞含義較為抽象,較難較難看出其屬性看出其屬性,應(yīng)多加思索并認(rèn)真分析后才應(yīng)多加思索并認(rèn)真分析后才能正確解題。能正確解題。例例1: hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose contr

10、ol over the plane. a. where b. which c. while d. why 例例2: i can think of many cases _students obviously knew a lot of english words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. a. whyb. which c. as d. where例例3: her illness will not develop to the point_ no medicine can cure her. a. whereb. which

11、c. thatd. as考點(diǎn)四：考點(diǎn)四： whosewhose指物時(shí)可與指物時(shí)可與of whichof which等等互換，但應(yīng)注意與冠詞的位置關(guān)系。如：互換，但應(yīng)注意與冠詞的位置關(guān)系。如：this is the bookthe cover of whichwhose coveris blue.1) last month, part of southeast asia was struck by floods, from_effects the people are still suffering. （05天津卷）天津卷） a. that b. whose c. those d. what2)

12、 george orwell, _ was eric arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (04北京）北京） a. the real name b. what his real name c. his real name d. whose real nameb bd d “whose +名詞中心詞名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語（如題句中既能作主語（如題2），又能作賓語），又能作賓語（如題（如題1）。）。whose 的先行詞常用來指人的先行詞常用來指人（如題（如題2），但有時(shí)也可以用來指具體事物），但有時(shí)也可

13、以用來指具體事物或抽象概念（如題或抽象概念（如題1），這時(shí)可以與），這時(shí)可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞名詞+of which” 。題。題1可變?yōu)椋嚎勺優(yōu)椋篺rom the effects of which 考點(diǎn)五：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的比較考點(diǎn)五：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的比較1、do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? （05北京春季）北京春季） a. where b. when c. that d. what 2、there were dirty marks on

14、her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. （04全國(guó)全國(guó)ii） a. whereb. which c. when d. thatc ca a當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的 time, day 等和表地點(diǎn)的等和表地點(diǎn)的 place, house 等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。如果缺少構(gòu)。如果缺少主語或賓語主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用 which 或或 that, 缺少缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，時(shí)，才能用才能用 when 或或 where。題題1中的中的 farm 作作 visited 的賓語，故

15、選的賓語，故選c；題；題2中的中的 trousers 作作 wiped 的地點(diǎn)狀語，故選的地點(diǎn)狀語，故選a?？键c(diǎn)六：介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句考點(diǎn)六：介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句1、the place _the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江蘇卷江蘇卷) a. which; where b. at which; which c. at which; where d. which; in which 2、he was educated at a loca

16、l grammar school, _ he went on to cambridge. （05山東卷）山東卷） a. from which b. after that c. after which d. from this c cc c介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句是近幾年高考介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句是近幾年高考中的熱點(diǎn)，復(fù)習(xí)中需注意以下幾個(gè)問題：中的熱點(diǎn)，復(fù)習(xí)中需注意以下幾個(gè)問題：關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，不論是在限制性定語關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，不論是在限制性定語從句中，還是在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)介詞前從句中，還是在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能用置時(shí)，只能用 whom 指人，指人，which 指物；但如指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語中。如：省去，特別是在口語中。如：do you know the boy to whom she was talking? do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?the pencil (whic