第八章 被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1、 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài) 英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用范圍很廣。英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用范圍很廣。 凡是凡是不必不必說出主動(dòng)者，說出主動(dòng)者，不愿不愿說出主動(dòng)者，說出主動(dòng)者，無從說無從說出出主動(dòng)者或是主動(dòng)者或是為了連貫上下文為了連貫上下文等等，往往都使用等等，往往都使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 漢語中雖然也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但使用范圍遠(yuǎn)比英語漢語中雖然也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但使用范圍遠(yuǎn)比英語狹窄得多。狹窄得多。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)在商務(wù)英語中的表現(xiàn)形式，大致被動(dòng)語態(tài)在商務(wù)英語中的表現(xiàn)形式，大致可以分為可以分為三三類：類： 1. 被動(dòng)式作為名詞的定語，修飾名詞被動(dòng)式作為名詞的定語，修飾名詞 Spurned marketers are now tr

2、aining their sights on cell phones. 那些遭人厭惡的推銷商現(xiàn)在便把目光瞄準(zhǔn)那些遭人厭惡的推銷商現(xiàn)在便把目光瞄準(zhǔn)了手機(jī)。了手機(jī)。 2. 被動(dòng)式作動(dòng)詞的補(bǔ)語，修飾動(dòng)詞或表示被動(dòng)式作動(dòng)詞的補(bǔ)語，修飾動(dòng)詞或表示某種狀態(tài)。某種狀態(tài)。 You may rest assured that we shall start production without any delay upon receipt of you raw materials. 一收到貴方的原材料，我們就開始生產(chǎn)，對(duì)一收到貴方的原材料，我們就開始生產(chǎn)，對(duì)此貴方盡可放心。此貴方盡可放心。 3. 被動(dòng)句式 You

3、r name and address have been given to us by your Commercial Counsellors Office in Beijing. 我方已由貴國駐北京商貿(mào)參贊處獲悉貴公司的名稱與地址。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的翻譯 英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子譯成漢語時(shí)，很多情況下都譯成主動(dòng)句，當(dāng)然也有一些可以保持被動(dòng)語態(tài)。一 譯成被動(dòng)句 英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子，有些可以直譯成漢語的“被”字句： The weightless flight fee was waived for Stephen Hawking. 史蒂芬.霍金這次失重飛行的費(fèi)用被減免了。 The company has bee

4、n designated a second contractor to the program. 這家公司已被確定為本項(xiàng)目的第二個(gè)承包商。借助其他詞表示1.借助“受”“為而”“給”“遭”They were given a hearty welcome.他們受到了熱烈歡迎。I am very much impressed by the hospitality and warmth by which you have received us.你們對(duì)我們的熱情款待給我們留下了深刻的影響。All suggestions of mediation by a third party were reject

5、ed.由第三方主持調(diào)解的建議，一個(gè)個(gè)都遭到了否決。2. 譯成“把”、“使”和“由”等字句The present contract is signed by representatives of both parties.本合同由雙方代表簽署。The business is confirmed verbally by your Business Manager Mr. Grant to our Sales Manager Miss Li at a price of US $ 40 per ton.該筆生意系由貴方貿(mào)易部經(jīng)理格蘭特先生與我方銷售部經(jīng)理李小姐口頭確認(rèn)的，每噸單價(jià)為40美元。3. 譯成

6、漢語的“無主句”Chinas presence is felt, more than ever, all over the world.在世界各地，今天比以往任何時(shí)候，都更加感受到中國的存在。Smoking is not allowed in this theatre.本劇場內(nèi)禁止吸煙。Buying and selling abroad is generally thought to be more difficult than trading.一般認(rèn)為，做外貿(mào)比做內(nèi)貿(mào)難。二 譯成主動(dòng)句 在英漢翻譯中，更多的時(shí)候是把英語中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)靈活譯為主動(dòng)式，以使得譯文更通順和自然。具體處理方式如下：1.

7、 原文中的主語在譯文中仍作主語The ship was destined for London.這艘船是去倫敦的。All items for which we have quoted are made from very best quality leather.所報(bào)的品種均系采用上等皮革制成。As financial markets change, supervision must be prepared to adjust.由于金融市場在變，監(jiān)管必須隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備調(diào)整。 All payments for the supply of goods under the barter contract

8、shall be settled through the clearing account. 所有易貨合同項(xiàng)下供貨的支付都通過清算賬戶結(jié)算。 Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft. 工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)廣泛應(yīng)用于各種工業(yè)品和手工藝品。2. 原文中的主語在譯文中作賓語Your firm has been recommended to us by Coventry Chamber of Commerce.承蒙考文垂商會(huì)推薦，得知貴號(hào)行名。The new seatbelt r

9、egulations have been put into effect in large cities.一些大城市已經(jīng)實(shí)施開車要系安全帶的新規(guī)定。3. 在譯文中加上不確定的主語，如“有人”“我們”“希望”等，譯成主動(dòng)句Suggestions were made to present the trade terms in another manner for the purpose of easier reading and understanding.有人這樣建議，采用另一種方式表達(dá)貿(mào)易術(shù)語，使之更加易于閱讀和理解。4. 以it作形式主語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句型，譯成漢語時(shí)，往往有其固定的表達(dá)方式：I

10、t is rumored 據(jù)謠傳It is considered (thought) that 人們（有人、大家）認(rèn)為It is generally accepted (agreed, recognized) that 普遍（一般、通常）認(rèn)為It is believed that有人（人們、大家）相信 It is well-known that 眾所周知（大家都知道） It is said that 據(jù)說（有人 說） It is learned that 據(jù)悉（聞） It is supposed that 據(jù)推測(cè) It is estimated (predicated, calculated) that 據(jù)估計(jì)（預(yù)計(jì)） It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道（報(bào)告） It must be pointed out that 必須指出 It must (should) be admitted that 應(yīng)該（必須）承認(rèn) It wi