()定語從句講解

1、(完整版)定語從句講解一、定語從句概述定語可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、副詞、不定式以及介詞短語 等來擔(dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來擔(dān)任。在句子中起定語作用的從句稱為定語 從句。定語從句在句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，故又稱為形容詞性從句。被定 語從句修飾的名詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。二 關(guān)系詞的用法。關(guān)系詞可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞指代先行詞，放在先行詞與 定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又充當(dāng)定語從句中的某一種成分（主語、賓 語、狀語等）。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有"at，who，whom，whose，which;關(guān)系副詞有 when，where，why等。關(guān)系詞在句子中

2、的指代作用及成分如下表功能用于限制性從句或非限制性從句只用于限制性從句作用代替人代替物代替人或物主語whowhichthat賓語whomwhich that定語whose (of whom)whose (of which)1.關(guān)系代詞的用法(1) who, whom的用法二者都用于指人。who在定語從句中作主語、賓語;whom在定語從句中 作賓語。在現(xiàn)代英語里，有時(shí)who也可代替whom在從句中作賓語。作 賓語的關(guān)系代詞who，whom可以省略(介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞除外）。 she was the one who did most of the talking。大部分時(shí)間都是她在說話。（作主

3、語） the boy who i know studies best in his class.我認(rèn)識(shí)的那個(gè)男孩在班上學(xué)習(xí)最好。（作賓語）i happened to meet the professor (who/whom) i got to know at a party. 我碰巧遇見了那位在一次聚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)的教授。（作賓語，whom可用who 代替)whom在從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞提到whom前面時(shí)，不能用who 代替。yesterday i came across a few friends with whom i went to the park.昨天 我碰見了幾個(gè)朋友，我和他們一起

4、去了公園。（句中的whom不能用who 代替）(2) whose的用法whose可以指人也可以指物，在定語從句中作定語。is she a teacher whose hair is very short她是位頭發(fā)很短的老師嗎he is the man whose car was stolen last night. 他就是昨晚被盜車輛的車主。i like the room whose window looks out to the sea.我喜歡那間窗戶面向大海的房間。(3) which的用法which 般指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語。作賓語的關(guān)系代詞which 可以省略(放在介詞后時(shí)除外）

5、。the train which has just left is for shenzhen.剛開走的火車是駛往深圳的。（作主語）the story (which) he told was very popular.他講的那個(gè)故事很有名。（作賓語）(1) that的用法that可以指人或物，在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語。作賓語或表語時(shí)可 省略。作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞不可以提到that之前，若介詞提前，指物用 which，指人用 whom。e-mail english is a new kind of written english that/which is being used to save

6、time.電子郵件英語是一種可以節(jié)約時(shí)間的新型書面英語。（作主 語"指物)jack is no longer the person (ha杰克不再是五年前我見到的杰克了。（作賓語，指人） there's the book (that/which) you are looking for. 這正是你在找的書。（作賓語，指物）2. 關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語，一般不可省略。(1) when的用法when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，它的先行詞通常為time, day， morning，night，week ,year 等表m時(shí)間的名詞。ill never forge

7、t the day when i won the prize.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我獲獎(jiǎng)的那天。do you remember the year when she went abroad你記得她出國的那一年嗎i still remember the time when i travelled by plane.我仍然記得坐飛機(jī)旅行的那個(gè)時(shí)候。(2) "where的用法指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞通常有village，room，building，town，country 等表地點(diǎn)的名詞。this is the mountain village where i stayed last

8、 year.這就是我去年待過的山村。keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.把書放在你容易找到的地方。the building where we are working was built five years ago.我們的辦公大樓是五年前修的。(3) "why的用法why指原因或理由，在定語從句中作原因狀語，它的先行詞通常為reason。tell me the reason why she was late.請(qǐng)告訴我她遲到的原因。i dont want to listen to any reason why

9、 you were absent.我不想聽任何你缺席的理由。三 定語從句的注意事項(xiàng)。1. 用that不用which的情況that和which都可指物，在定語從句中又都可作主語或賓語。通常情況 下，二者可互換使用，但有時(shí)that和which卻不宜互換。(1) 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞 all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything, nothing，none，some 等時(shí)he did everything that he could to help us. 他做了一切能做的事來幫助我們。in this factory i found little

10、that was different from ours.在這家工廠，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很少和我們工廠不同的地方。(2). 先行詞被alll，every，no，some，any，little，much，theonly，the very，the right，the last, just 等詞修飾時(shí)all the things that we can do are to give you some advice.我們能做的就是給你提供一些建議！this is the very book that i want.這正是我想要的那本書。music is the only thing that interests

11、 me.音樂是唯一令我感興趣的東西。(3) 先行詞前有席數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身就是席數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí) the first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide.我們現(xiàn)在要做的第一件事就是找一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)氐南驅(qū)?。when people talk about hangzhou, the first that comes into mind is the west lake.人們談及杭州時(shí)，首先躍入腦海的就是西湖。(4)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí):he was watching the children and parcels

12、 that filled with the car.他望著滿車的孩子和包裹。she described in her composition the people and places that interested her most她在作文中描述了最讓她感興趣的一些人和地方。(5)當(dāng)主句是以或"which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)who is the person that is standing at the gate站在門 口 的那個(gè)人是誰？ which of us that knows something about physics cannot join electric wire

13、s?我們中間懂物理的有誰不會(huì)接電線？2. 用which不用that的情況(1) 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞且指事物時(shí) the house in which i used to live has become a clothes shop. 我過去住的房子現(xiàn)在變成了一家服裝店。the pen with which you are writing is jeffs. 你正用來寫字的那支筆是杰夫的。(2) 先行詞本身就是that時(shí) "whats that which flashed in the sky just now? 剛才天空中一閃而過的是什么東西i dont like that which

14、he did.我不喜歡他做的那件事。3. 用who不用that的情況(1)先行詞是指人的不定代詞時(shí):先行詞如果是指人的不定代詞或指示代詞，如one，anyone，everyone，no one, all，nobody，anybody，none, those等不宜用 that。congratulations toourwinnersandthankstoeveryonewhoenteredthecompetition向我們的獲勝者祝賀，也感謝參與比賽的每個(gè)人。those who have good manners will be respected.有良好禮節(jié)的人會(huì)受到人們的尊重。(2)當(dāng)先行詞

15、指人并含有較長的后置定語或在被分割的定語從句中時(shí)the professoriscomingsoonwho will give us a talk on how to learn english.給我們作關(guān)于如何學(xué)英語講座的教授快要來了。the boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.找媽媽時(shí)迷了路的那個(gè)小男孩正哭得厲害。3. 定語從句中的主謂一致一般來講,定語從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的先行詞保持一致.定語從句前是“one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 是“the only

16、one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”, 定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。i am not one who is afraid of difficulty.我是個(gè)不怕困難的人。anyone who has questions to ask，please come to my office this afternoon. 有問題要問的人，請(qǐng)今天下午到我辦公室來。that is one of the most expensive dictionaries that have come out in recent years.那本詞典是近幾年來所出版的最貴的詞典之一。he is the only one of those workers who o able to do this job.他是那些工人中唯一能做此項(xiàng)工作的人。4. 定語從句中的時(shí)態(tài):定語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句影響，主要根據(jù)具體的語境和意義而定。 the professor who visited our school yesterday is from canada. 昨天參觀我們學(xué)校的教授來自加拿大。the professor who is visiting our school now is from