高中英語定語從句最新課件

1、Grammar定語從句之限制性定語從句定語從句之限制性定語從句The boy who is reading is Tom.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞A hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞修飾限定關(guān)系修飾限定關(guān)系修飾限定關(guān)系修飾限定關(guān)系定語定語從句從句：是指在是指在復(fù)合句復(fù)合句中，中，修飾修飾 或或 的的從句從句. .被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做詞叫做“ ”. .引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞定語從句的詞叫叫“ ” 名詞名詞代詞代詞先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞The strucure of an att

2、ributive clause先行詞先行詞名詞或代詞名詞或代詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞從句從句缺少主語缺少主語/賓語賓語/狀語狀語/定語，定語，但必須有謂語。但必須有謂語。+WHY?已經(jīng)作定語從句中的成分已經(jīng)作定語從句中的成分定定語語從從句句好好像像一一面面鏡鏡子，子，對對先先行行詞詞進進行行描描述述關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞就是鏡子里的就是鏡子里的“自己自己”，在定語從句中代替先行詞在定語從句中代替先行詞先行詞先行詞就是主就是主句中的句中的“本人本人”同指同指關(guān)系關(guān)系這種情況不會出現(xiàn)，因為先行詞或關(guān)系詞這種情況不會出現(xiàn)，因為先行詞或關(guān)系詞作定語從句中的相同成分（同指關(guān)系）作定語從句

3、中的相同成分（同指關(guān)系）先行詞作定語從句中的主語或賓語，先行詞作定語從句中的主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞也要作定語從句中的主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞也要作定語從句中的主語或賓語，因而選用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。因而選用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。先行詞作定語從句中的狀語，先行詞作定語從句中的狀語，關(guān)系詞也要作定語從句中的狀語，關(guān)系詞也要作定語從句中的狀語，因而選用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。因而選用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞Have you learned about the city where we are visiting?Have you learned about the city which

4、we are paying a visit?This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.這種情況不會出現(xiàn)，因為這種情況不會出現(xiàn)，因為已經(jīng)作了定語已經(jīng)作了定語從句中的成分，定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)相同成分從句中的成分，定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)相同成分I still remember the years when we studied together then. Ive put the book whereit was there just now.This

5、is the point whereI disagree with.改錯：改錯：定語從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)先行詞或關(guān)系詞所作的成分定語從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)先行詞或關(guān)系詞所作的成分引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞只指代人只指代人 只指代事物只指代事物 人、物皆可人、物皆可 指地點指地點 指時間指時間 指原因指原因 who，whomwhichthat, whose, aswherewhenwhy關(guān)關(guān)系系代代詞詞關(guān)關(guān)系系副副詞詞作定語作定語從句中從句中的的作定語從句中的作定語從句中的 The usage of the relative pronouns 關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞指代指代在定語從句中所充當?shù)脑诙ㄕZ從

6、句中所充當?shù)某煞殖煞秩巳宋镂锞渥泳渥又髡Z主語賓語賓語狀語狀語whowhomwhichthatwhose表語表語定語定語as關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. 關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentence

7、s:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary

8、.herThe girl關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is M

9、ary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.that/who/whomThe girl注意定語從句中避免成分重復(fù)注意定語從句中避免成分重復(fù) 1.代替代替先行詞先行詞; 2.它還在定語從句中它還在定語從句中擔任擔任一定的一定的成分成分; 3. 同時同時連接連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從

10、句。 （把主句和從句連起來）（把主句和從句連起來） Have fun關(guān)注如何使用關(guān)系詞關(guān)注如何使用關(guān)系詞 帶定語從句的諺語：帶定語從句的諺語：1. God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之。自助者天助之。2. He who laughs last laughs best.誰笑到最后，誰笑的最好。誰笑到最后，誰笑的最好。3. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到長城非好漢。不到長城非好漢。先行詞是人！先行詞是人！下面的句子明白了嗎下面的句子明白了嗎?1. Alls well th

11、at ends well.2. Not all that glitters is gold. 閃光的未必都是金子。閃光的未必都是金子。結(jié)果好就一切都好。結(jié)果好就一切都好。先行詞是先行詞是事物！事物！關(guān)注：先行詞有關(guān)注：先行詞有特殊修飾成分！特殊修飾成分！ English is the most subjectMake sentences:下面的句子明白了嗎下面的句子明白了嗎?The dictionary is the only place _ success comes before work. 只有在字典里，只有在字典里，“成功成功”才會出現(xiàn)在才會出現(xiàn)在“工作工作”之前。之前。先行詞是先行詞

12、是事物，也有事物，也有特殊修飾，但是特殊修飾，但是先行詞作先行詞作定語從句定語從句中的中的狀語狀語成分！成分?。縲here Summary:關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 判判 斷斷 規(guī)規(guī) 律律 :?先行詞先行詞是什么？是什么？有何特殊修飾？有何特殊修飾？作定語從句中的什么成分？作定語從句中的什么成分？定語從句及主句的句式特征定語從句及主句的句式特征“四位一體四位一體”成分優(yōu)先成分優(yōu)先 The SEMS is a/ the. school. Mr. Wu is a/ the. teacher.Make sentences as many as you can!99語法填空中相關(guān)問題練習(xí)語法填空中相關(guān)問題練習(xí)1.

13、 I have many friends, some of _ are businessmen.2. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.3. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, _made me very happy.4. The old man has two sons, and both of _ are teachers.5. This is the place _ we met yesterday.

14、6. There are many reasons _ people like traveling.7. The first textbook that _ (write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 8. This is the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work.9. The house _ they built last year are being rebuilt.1

15、0. The mother told the lazy boy to work，_ didnt help11. This is the only work _ we can work out. 12. The mother told the lazy boy to work. _ didnt help13. My girl friend told me the day _ she was born. 14. My girl friend told me the day _ she had chosen. 15. I still remember the day _ I first came t

16、o the school. 16. It was on October 1st, 1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 17. The bridge which _ (build) here now is about 1,000 meters long. 18. _ is expected, our team won the football match. 19. This is the town _ she lived in Germany when she was young. 20. This is the time _ re

17、minded us of the happy life in out school.21. I met twenty students. Some of _ are good at English.22. We reached the mountain, on the top of _we saw a beautiful scene.that/ whic判斷下列句中是否含有定語從句判斷下列句中是否含有定語從句 Greenfields is a small town with about 10,000 people living there. It is enough time that we

18、need most. It was a time when no human beings existed（存在）（存在）. That was really an easy and pleasant time when I chatted with Father over dinner. I have put the book where it was. Where is it now？ It seems that he will be late.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)句強調(diào)句定語從句定語從句地點狀語從句地點狀語從句時間狀語從句時間狀語從句名詞性從句名詞性從句 1. Try to fin

19、d all the sentences with attributive clauses in the passage. 2. Finish off the exercises in your learning papers. The Attributive Clause is The Attributive Clause is a a grammatical item that is grammatical item that is hard to hard to mastermaster, but its so , but its so useful, common, useful, co

20、mmon, and charming and charming that that we must learn it we must learn it better better nownow! !定語從句定語從句 定語從句是一項難學(xué)的語法項目，但是它如此有定語從句是一項難學(xué)的語法項目，但是它如此有用、常見而又迷人，所以我們一定要現(xiàn)在就學(xué)好它！用、常見而又迷人，所以我們一定要現(xiàn)在就學(xué)好它！Group work: Find all sentences with attributive clauses in the text(P26).?Discussion1. But the people in

21、 the city, _ _，went to sleep as usual that night.2. It was felt in Beijing, _who thought little of these eventswhich is more than 200 kilometers away.3. A huge crack _ _ cut across houses, roads and canals.4. The number of people _ _ reached more than 400,000. that was eight kilometers long and thir

22、ty meters wide who were killed or injured5.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake_ shook Tangshan.6.The army organized teams to dig out those _.7. Workers built shelters for survivors _. which was almost as strong as the first onewho were trapped and to bury the deadGroup work: Find all sente

23、nces with attributive clauses in the text(P26).whose homes had been destroyed定語從句！省略了關(guān)系詞when。再如： This is the place (where) he works.A NIGHT A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNTHE EARTH DIDNT SLEEPT SLEEPI am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.1. 先行詞為先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, li

24、ttle, much 等不定代詞時，等不定代詞時，用用that而而不用不用which 做關(guān)系代詞做關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞是什么是什么？They talked of things and persons that they remembered.2. 2. 先行詞既有人又有物，先行詞既有人又有物，用用that而不用而不用which 或或who(m)做關(guān)系代詞做關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞是什么是什么？I didnt like the way _ she talked to me.The way _ he teaches English is in

25、teresting.3. 先行詞是先行詞是a/ the way/ ways，意為，意為“方式、方式、方法方法”并且作定語從句中的并且作定語從句中的方式狀語方式狀語時，引導(dǎo)時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞用定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that/ in which或省略或省略。（that/ in which）（that/ in which）關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞是什么是什么？4. 當先行詞為當先行詞為point, situation, case等表示等表示“情況，境地，場合情況，境地，場合”或為或為activity/ match/ race/ party等表示等表示“活動活動”意思而且作定語意思而

26、且作定語從句中的從句中的狀語狀語時，其后定語從句常由時，其后定語從句常由where引導(dǎo)。如：引導(dǎo)。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?I decided to go to the party, where I could meet some old friends.關(guān)系詞的判定：關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞有何先行詞有何特殊修飾特殊修飾成分？成分？This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.1.

27、 先行詞被先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，修飾時，用用that不用不用which 做關(guān)系代詞做關(guān)系代詞。2. 先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last等等修飾時，修飾時，用用that不用不用which 做關(guān)系代詞做關(guān)系代詞。3. 先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等等修飾時，修飾時，用用that不用不用which 做關(guān)系代詞做關(guān)系代詞。Ive read all the books that are not mine. 關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞有何關(guān)系詞的判定：先行

28、詞有何特殊修飾成分特殊修飾成分？as 的使用的使用This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.asas定語從句定語從句這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。定語從句定語從句關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞有何關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞有何特殊修飾成分特殊修飾成分？as 的使用的使用thatas定語從句定語從句定語從句定語從句nThis is the same book _ I lost.nThis is the same book _ I los

29、t.這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書就是我丟的那本。這本書就是我丟的那本。 關(guān)系詞的判定：關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞先行詞作定語從句中什么成分作定語從句中什么成分？ 原則上先行詞作定語從句中的原則上先行詞作定語從句中的、，要用，要用引導(dǎo)定語從句；先行詞作定引導(dǎo)定語從句；先行詞作定語從句中的語從句中的，要用，要用引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句。 但最難判斷的是先行詞到底但最難判斷的是先行詞到底還是還是，此時一定要抓住此時一定要抓住，特別，特別是定語從句的謂語動詞是是定語從句的謂語動詞是。 關(guān)系詞的判定：關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞先行詞作定語從句中什么成分作定語從句中什么成分？先行詞

30、作定語從句中的先行詞作定語從句中的主語、賓語、介詞賓語主語、賓語、介詞賓語 無論謂語什么形式無論謂語什么形式主語主語 vt. vt. 主語主語 vi./ be vi./ be 表語表語 介詞介詞 主語主語 雙賓語雙賓語vt. vt. 主語主語 vt. vt. 賓補賓補關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: : who/ whom/ whose/ that/ which/ as 關(guān)系詞的判定：關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞先行詞作定語從句中什么成分作定語從句中什么成分？先行詞作定語從句中的先行詞作定語從句中的狀語狀語 主語主語 vi. vi. 主語主語 vt. vt. 賓語賓語 主語主語 be be 表語表語 主語主語 be

31、 done be done （被動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)） 主語主語 vt. vt. 雙賓語雙賓語/ / 復(fù)合賓語復(fù)合賓語 關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞：when/ where/ why(或介詞或介詞which)which)This is the reason _ ( = for which ) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was not true.whywhich/that指時間、地點或原因的先行詞在定語從句中指時間、地點或原因的先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓作主語或賓語語，用關(guān)系代詞，用關(guān)系代詞which或或that引導(dǎo)定語從句；先行詞如引導(dǎo)定語從句；先

32、行詞如在定語從句中作在定語從句中作狀語狀語，要使用，要使用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句。主語主語 雙賓語雙賓語vt. vt. 主語主語 vi. vi. 1) Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.2) Ill never forget the time _I spent with you.3) This is the museum _ I paid a visit last year.4) This is the museum _ I visited last year.whenwhich/ thatwherewhi

33、ch/ that主語主語 vi. vi. 主語主語 vt. vt. 主語主語 vt. vt. 賓語賓語 主語主語 vt. vt. 5) This is the story _ the old man told us young people. 6) This is the story _ the old man told us young people his experience.7) This is the point _ I dont agree.8) This is the point _ I dont agree with.that/ whichwhere/ in whichwher

34、e/ with whichwhich/ that主語主語 雙賓語雙賓語vt. vt. 主語主語 vt. vt. 雙賓語雙賓語 主語主語 vi. vi. 主語主語 vi. vi. 介詞介詞 9) Later, they came to a place _ the natives called the Ghost Cave.10) This is the very case _ a new word is used uncorrectly, although it has been learnt by heart.that/ whichwhere主語主語 vt. vt. 賓補賓補主語主語 be d

35、one be done （被動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)） 定語從句中的某個名詞定語從句中的某個名詞從屬于先行詞從屬于先行詞，意為，意為“先行先行詞的詞的.”，即先行詞作定語從句中該名詞的，即先行詞作定語從句中該名詞的定語定語，此時定語從句此時定語從句用用whose 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)。whose表示所屬關(guān)系表示所屬關(guān)系 The river _ banks are covered with flowers and trees flows to the sea.whose關(guān)系詞的判定：關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞先行詞作定語從句中什么成分作定語從句中什么成分？2. Whose 的使用的使用 whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)引

36、導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語。短語。whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時，其引導(dǎo)定語從句時，其先行詞既可以指人先行詞既可以指人也可以指物也可以指物。 whose可與它所修飾的名詞可與它所修飾的名詞一起作介詞的賓語一起作介詞的賓語。如：。如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard of the news.他工作所在部門的老板已經(jīng)聽說了這個消息。他工作所在部門的老板已經(jīng)聽說了這個消息。whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句應(yīng)注意的要點引導(dǎo)的定語從句應(yīng)注意的要點2. Whose 的使用的使用 whose的的先行詞指物先行詞指物時，可用時，

37、可用of which代替，但代替，但語語序不同序不同，即，即whose +名詞名詞 = + 名詞名詞 + of which，或或 = of which + + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The book whose cover (= the cover of which或或of which the cover) is broken is the one he lent me. whose的的先行詞指人先行詞指人時，可用時，可用of whom代替，但代替，但語語序不同序不同，即，即whose + 名詞名詞 = + 名詞名詞 + of whom，或或 = of whom + + 名詞。如：名詞。如：Th

38、e boy whose face (= the face of whom或或of whom the face) turns red is telling a lie.There are 20 students in this class, _ are different.lA. whose backgrounds lB. backgrounds of whomlC. of whom the backgrounds lD. the backgrounds of whoseWhose 的使用的使用 3. 當先行詞在定語從句中當先行詞在定語從句中作作be表語表語時，時，用用that而不用而不用whi

39、ch 做關(guān)系代詞。做關(guān)系代詞。 She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.關(guān)系詞的判定：關(guān)系詞的判定：先行詞先行詞作定語從句中什么成分作定語從句中什么成分？2. 關(guān)系代詞前關(guān)系代詞前有介詞有介詞，用用which指物、用指物、用whom指人指人, 不用不用that； This is the house in which he was born.1. 非限制性非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞用用which指指物、用物、用who(m)指人指人, 不用不用that； Alice received an invitation from her

40、 boss, which came as a surprise.關(guān)系詞的判定：關(guān)系詞的判定：定語從句定語從句以及以及主句主句的的句式特征句式特征？I agree with the idea _ you thought of.that/which/(left out)做做of 的賓語的賓語I agree with the idea（主句）（主句）_you thought of which.I agree with the idea _ you thought of.of which這就叫這就叫介詞提前介詞提前的關(guān)系代詞，的關(guān)系代詞，prep+關(guān)系代詞。請思考：關(guān)系代詞。請思考：可用于介詞后的關(guān)系

41、代詞有哪幾個？可用于介詞后的關(guān)系代詞有哪幾個？請還原請還原which 在從句中的位置在從句中的位置which/whom/ whose This is the boy. I played tennis _the boy yesterday. Well go to visit the famous school. We have often talked _the famous school.withaboutThis is the boy whom /that/ /who I played tennis with.Well go to visit the famous school which

42、/that / we have often talked about. with about3. 主句為主句為who, what或或which的特殊疑問句，的特殊疑問句，定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要使用定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要使用that。 Who is the girl drove the car?Which is the book you bought last week? 4. 主句為主句為There be 句型時，句型時，定語從句的關(guān)系定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要使用代詞要使用that。There are a lot of things you cant know about.99定語從句常見錯誤定語從句

43、常見錯誤（難點重點突破）（難點重點突破）1. 分不清關(guān)系詞在從句中所擔任的成分。分不清關(guān)系詞在從句中所擔任的成分。 This is the place where I want to visit. 1. Im very glad to return to my hometown _I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown _I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason_ he didnt tell the truth to me.4. No one be

44、lieves the reason _he gave us about his absence at the meeting.wherewhichwhythat/which2. 把含有被動語態(tài)的定語從句與過去分詞作把含有被動語態(tài)的定語從句與過去分詞作定語混淆。定語混淆。The house was built 100 years ago is still there. The house built 100 years ago is still there. The house which/ that was built 100 years ago is still there. Many ot

45、her materials such as cotton and wool also come from plants and animals _(raise) on farms.The snake that_ (save) by the farmer woke up, bit him and ran away.which/ thatwas builtraised was saved3. 因混淆定語從句、并列句，錯用普通代詞和因混淆定語從句、并列句，錯用普通代詞和關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞。She failed in the test again, and which disappointed her p

46、arents. She failed in the test again, it disappointed her parents. She failed in the test again, which disappointed her parents. She failed in the test again, and it disappointed her parents. She failed in the test again. And it/ It disappointed her parents. 4. 混淆定語從句與強調(diào)句型混淆定語從句與強調(diào)句型It is the factor

47、y _ Mr. Wang worksIt is in the factory _ Mr. Wang worksIt is on the island _ they spent 10 years.It is the island _ they spent 10 years.It is on the date _ she went abroad. It is the date _ she went abroad. where thatthatwhere thatwhen 5. 在寫作中常見錯誤在寫作中常見錯誤1) 在從句中使用了多余的代詞在從句中使用了多余的代詞Ill give you the book which youll find it interesting.2) 遺漏了關(guān)系詞遺漏了關(guān)系詞I met the man stole my watch.3) 遺漏了應(yīng)帶的介詞遺漏了應(yīng)帶的介詞Lets find a room which we can put our things.4) 從句主謂一致從句主謂一致I wont tell you the name of the person who