(完整版)非謂語動(dòng)詞與從句之間的關(guān)系及轉(zhuǎn)換

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞與從句之間的關(guān)系及轉(zhuǎn)換非謂語動(dòng)詞與從句間的相互關(guān)系及轉(zhuǎn)換: 英語中的非謂語動(dòng)詞是整個(gè)英語語法當(dāng)中非常重要的部分，也是英語學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。非謂語動(dòng)詞作句子成分時(shí)與相應(yīng)的從句有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系，它們之間可以有條件的進(jìn)行相互轉(zhuǎn)換。一、非謂語動(dòng)詞與從句的相互關(guān)系（一 ）不定式和分詞作定語相當(dāng)于定語從句不定式通常位于被修飾名詞后。與該名詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果不定式與所修飾名詞在意思上是被動(dòng)且邏輯上的主語不出現(xiàn)時(shí)，要用不定式的被動(dòng)式， 與所修飾名詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。分詞作定語時(shí)，單個(gè)分詞置于名詞之前， 分詞短語置于名詞之后，與名詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系或被動(dòng)主謂關(guān)系。定語從句和不定式、分詞作定語

2、只是兩種不同的表達(dá)方式，本質(zhì)是相同的。例如： I have many letters to type （動(dòng)賓關(guān)系） I have many letters which I should type I have many letters to be typed （被動(dòng)主謂關(guān)系） I have many letters which are to be typed by others The standing people shouted at the dean （主謂關(guān)系）（二 ）不定式和分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句1不定式多作目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語故可以轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句。例如： M

3、other got up early to catch the early bus （目的狀語） Mother got up early 80 as to （in order to） catch the early bus Mother got up early 80 that （in order that） she might catch the early bus 【注意】 80 as to 和 80 that 不可放在句首。She is too young to join the army （結(jié)果狀語）She is 80 young that she cannot join the ar

4、my 2分詞作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式和讓步等，相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)狀語的從句。 如果分詞的邏輯主語與主句主語一致，則用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果分詞的邏輯主語與主句是被動(dòng)關(guān)系且主語一致時(shí)，則用過去分詞。分詞作狀語時(shí)，如果其帶有邏輯的主語，稱為分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語無語法聯(lián)系。例如： Seeing those pictures he couldn't help thinking of the unforgettable days in New York （時(shí)間狀語） When he saw those pictures he couldn t help thinking o

5、f theunforgettable days in New Y0rk 二、非謂語動(dòng)詞與從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換（一 ）不定式與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1不定式作主語可轉(zhuǎn)換成主語從句。例如： When and where（for 8）to hold the meeting is unknown yet When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown yet 2不定式作賓語或賓補(bǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句。例如： I don't know what to do with the matter I don't know what I should do wi

6、th the matter 3不定式作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成表語從句。例如： My wish is to become a pilot after graduation My wish is that I can become a pilot after graduation 4不定式作定語可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句。例如： The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance The meeting that which will be held is of great importance5不定式作且的、結(jié)果、原因狀語可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。例如： Th

7、ey Started off early in order to（so as to）arrive in time They started of early in order that（so that）they could arrive in time（二 ）動(dòng)名詞與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1動(dòng)名詞作主語可轉(zhuǎn)換成that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句。例如：Tom s knowing English helps him in learning French That Tom knows English help him in learning French 2動(dòng)名詞作賓語可轉(zhuǎn)換成that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例如： I

8、remember having paid him for his work I remember that I have paid him for his work 3動(dòng)名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句。例如： Our worry is your depending too much on him Our worry is that you depend too much on him （三 ） 1 分詞與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1分詞作定語可轉(zhuǎn)換成that， who， which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。例如： The man talking to my teacher is my father T

9、he man who that is talking to my teacher is my father 2分詞作狀語可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。例如： While waiting for the bus-I caught sight of her While I was waiting for the bus I caught sight of her 3分詞作賓補(bǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句。例如： I found him waiting for a bus at the station I found that he was waiting for a bus at the station 4分詞在句

10、中作伴隨或結(jié)果狀語時(shí)。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句。也可和tII 結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。例如： He died, leaving his daughter much moneyHe died ， and he left his daughter much money三、分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換（一 ）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為從句1表示時(shí)間的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間狀語從句。例如： The shower being over ， we continued our journey When the shower was over we continued our journey 2表示理由的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為原因狀

11、語從句。例如： Au the tickets having been sold out ， they went away disappointedAs all the tickets had been sold out ， they went away disappointed 3表示條件的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為條件狀語從句。例如： All things considered ， her paper is better than yours.If all things are considered her paper is better than yours.4表示伴隨狀態(tài)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為

12、并列句或兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。例如： He went to the front door his students following him （=He went to the front door ， followed by his students ） He went to the front door an d his students followed him （二 ）從句轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1從句變?yōu)榉衷~的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要去掉連詞，保留自己的主語。然后把從句的謂語變換為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較下面的句子。例如： Mother being ill in bed I Can't go t

13、o scho1 As Mother is ill in bed I can 't go to schoo1 2表示伴隨狀態(tài)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可在其前面加用tll 或 without 例如： He went away ， and not a word was spoken He went away without a word spoken 3當(dāng)分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的含義表示“一般人 ”，如we， one。 you 時(shí)。主語可以省略。例如： Judging from his face he must be ill If we judge from his face, he must be

14、ill 英語中的非謂語動(dòng)詞是整個(gè)英語語法當(dāng)中非常重要的部分，也是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。其實(shí)， 我們可以從從句的角度來解釋非謂語動(dòng)詞，弄清非謂語動(dòng)詞與從句的關(guān)系。1. v-ing 形式與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換2. v-ing 形式作主語可換成that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句Tom's knowing English helps him in learning French.That helps him in learning English.Her being out of work was unexpected.was unexpected.3. v-ing 形式作賓語或賓補(bǔ)可換成that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從

15、句I remember having paid him for his work.I remember that.He suggests our making better use of the school library.He suggests .4. v-ing 形式作表語可換成that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句Our worry is your depending too much on him.Our worry is that The question is many people's being trapped in the fire.The question is .5. v-i

16、ng 形式作定語可換成that, who, which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句We will study in the house facing south.We will study in the house that / whichThe man talking to my teacher is my father.The man is my father.6. v-ing 形式作狀語可換成相應(yīng)狀語從句On arriving there, I will telephone you. , I will telephone you.While waiting for the bus, I caught

17、 sight of her. , I caught sight of her.7. v-ing 形式表伴隨或作結(jié)果狀語，相當(dāng)于并列句，也可和with 結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。He died, leaving his daughter much money.He died, and (he) .II. V-ed 形式與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1. v-ed 形式作定語可換成定語從句The question discussed yesterday is very important.The question that / which is very important.The boy lost in thought is

18、 my brother.The boy is my brother.2. v-ed 形式作賓補(bǔ)可換成賓語從句I found the room broken into and a lot of things stolen.I found (that) and 3. v-ed 形式作狀語可換成狀語從句(If) heated, water will turn into steam. , water will turn into steam.Don't speak until spoken to. Don't speak III. to do 形式與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換1. to do 形式作主語可轉(zhuǎn)換成主語從句When and where (for us) to hold the meeting is unknown yet.When and where is unknown yet.They seemed to be eating something cooked on the fire.It seemed 2. to do 形式作賓語或賓補(bǔ)可換成賓語從句I don't know what to do with the matter. I d