初中英語(yǔ)易混淆的詞語(yǔ)辨析

1、第一組spend/ take /costspend的主語(yǔ)通常是“人”，即“某人在花多少時(shí)間或金錢(qián)。”例句：1）The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.（那個(gè)男孩花了很多錢(qián)玩電子游戲。）2)She spent lots of money on books last year.（去年她花費(fèi)很多錢(qián)在書(shū)本上。）take前常以it作形式主語(yǔ)，作“做某事需要花多少時(shí)間?！盜t takes (人)時(shí)間 to do sth.1)How long does it take you to finish the work?（你需要多少時(shí)間才

2、能完成那工作？）2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.（我花了一個(gè)小時(shí)修理自行車。）3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.（說(shuō)真話需要很大的勇氣。）cost的主語(yǔ)通常是事物，即指 某物值多少錢(qián)需要多少時(shí)間某人花了多少錢(qián)使（某人）（喪失）（事/物）cost（人）時(shí)間/金錢(qián)1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.（這塊手表花了我200塊錢(qián)。）2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.（寫(xiě)本小說(shuō)要花很多時(shí)間。）3)The girl'

3、s bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.（那個(gè)女孩的不良行為使得她的父母許多夜晚睡不著。）注意：cost的過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞都是cost。第二組：speak/say/tell/talkspeak說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言，說(shuō)某人好、壞話是及物動(dòng)詞；發(fā)表講話，對(duì)某人說(shuō)話，是不及物動(dòng)詞。1)The students speak English very fluently.（這些學(xué)生英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得非常流利。）2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.（首相就國(guó)際形勢(shì)發(fā)表了演說(shuō)。）3)

4、She always speaks ill of others.（她總是說(shuō)別人的壞話。）speak的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：Generally speaking 一般而言Frankly speaking 坦白地說(shuō)Strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)not to speak of 且不說(shuō)；更不用說(shuō)1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.（一般而言，男人比女人強(qiáng)壯。）2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.（我們會(huì)讀英語(yǔ)，漢語(yǔ)更不用說(shuō)了。）say說(shuō)出某句話或某件事；后接從句，（但say與從句

5、之間不能直接接人稱代詞或名詞）；說(shuō)明時(shí)間；書(shū)信、布告報(bào)紙上的“說(shuō)”，習(xí)慣用法1)She said ,“I love you.”（她說(shuō)：“我愛(ài)你。”）2)Say goodbye to them.（跟他們說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。）3)She says she is busy.（她說(shuō)她很忙。）4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.（我的表是十點(diǎn)整。）5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.（報(bào)上說(shuō)上海發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大火）。6)It is said that she has been away for a month.（據(jù)說(shuō)她已走了一

6、個(gè)月了）7)It goes without saying that education is important.（不用說(shuō)，教育是重要的。）8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.（Tom是個(gè)好學(xué)生，也就是說(shuō)，他在學(xué)校的成績(jī)很好。） tell說(shuō)謊；講故事；說(shuō)實(shí)話1)Don't tell a lie.（不要說(shuō)謊。）2)She likes to tell stories.（她喜歡講故事。）3)We should always tell the truth.（我們應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)說(shuō)實(shí)話。） tell

7、辨別；叫某人做某事；接“間接”與“直接”賓語(yǔ)；tell賓語(yǔ)that從句1)Sometimes we can't tell right from wrong.（有時(shí)我們無(wú)法辨別是非。）（他告訴我他要去那兒。）talk連續(xù)地說(shuō)話；習(xí)慣用法1)What are the girls talking about ?（那些女孩們講什么？）2)Young people like to talk politics.（年青人喜歡談?wù)撜巍＃?)I talked over the matter with her.（我與她談?wù)摿四莻€(gè)問(wèn)題。）第三組：take /bring/carry/fetchtake作“帶

8、去”“拿去”解；從近處把東西送到遠(yuǎn)處例句：1)She'll take her children to the park.（她要帶孩子去公園。）2)It's raining, you'd better take an umbrella with you.（下雨了；你最好把雨傘帶上。）bring“拿來(lái)；帶來(lái)”；從遠(yuǎn)處把東西拿到近外1)Bring the dictionary to me.（把字典拿給我。）2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow.（明天你來(lái)的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)把你的報(bào)告帶來(lái)。）carry作“攜

9、帶，帶去；搬運(yùn)”解1)She always carries a red handbag.（她總是帶一個(gè)紅色手包。）2)Please carry this TV set upstairs.（請(qǐng)把這臺(tái)電視搬到樓上去。）fetch作“去取來(lái)，拿來(lái)；叫某人來(lái)”解1)The football is over there. Fetch it please.（足球在那邊呢，請(qǐng)把它拿回來(lái)。）2)Fetch the police at once. We've found the robber.（馬上去叫警察來(lái)，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)搶劫的人。）第四組：wear/put on/ dresswear穿著，戴；留，

10、表示“狀態(tài)”是及物動(dòng)詞需加賓語(yǔ)例句：1)She always wears a pair of glasses.（她總是戴著一副眼鏡。）2)He wears a black jacket today.（今天他穿著一件黑色的夾克。）put on穿上，戴上，表示“動(dòng)作”例句：1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.（老師戴上帽子然后走出辦公室。）2)Put on the gloves .It's cold outside.（戴上手套外面很涼。）dress作“穿著的衣服”解；給某人穿衣服不用寫(xiě)衣服例句：1)She is d

11、ressed in red.（她穿著紅衣服。）2)The mother dresses the child every day.（那位母親每天給孩子穿衣服。）此句不能加衣服。3)She dresses herself in red.（此句等于第一個(gè)例句。）第五組：do /makedo“做”主要是用來(lái)表示“行動(dòng)”“行為”，如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名詞，如do wrong（犯錯(cuò)）?！皐rong”是抽象名詞常與do搭配的短語(yǔ)有：do one'sdo (the) somedo sb. a favor幫人忙do with利用；忍受；需要do away wit

12、h廢除do without用不著；不需要havedo sb.do nothing but do除了做以外什么也沒(méi)做do business做生意例句：1)I'll do the dishes today.（今天我來(lái)洗盤(pán)子。）2)I've done my homework.（我已經(jīng)做完了作業(yè)。）3)Crying does harm to you.（哭對(duì)你沒(méi)有益處。）4)Will you do me a favor?（能否幫我一個(gè)忙？）5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business.（我們做生意沒(méi)有電話是不行的。）6)The ne

13、w teacher didn't know what to do with the class.（新老師不知道如何對(duì)待他班上的學(xué)生。）7)I did nothing but watch TV last night.（昨晚我除了看電視以外什么也沒(méi)有做。）8)Who does your hair?（平常是誰(shuí)給你做頭發(fā)的？）make“作”，表示“制造”，其后的賓語(yǔ)是make的產(chǎn)品。如make clothes 制做衣服；make后常跟一些可數(shù)名詞常與make動(dòng)詞搭配的短語(yǔ)有：make amake anmakemake例句：1) They have make great progress in

14、learning English.（在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)方面他們已經(jīng)取得了很大的進(jìn)步。）2)Who is going to make a speech today?（今天誰(shuí)來(lái)演說(shuō)？）3)Don't make a noise.噓！（不要出聲。）4)She makes her living as a teacher.（她作教師來(lái)維持生計(jì)。）“看” look和see的區(qū)別  Hello, boys and girls. 今天向你們介紹兩位新朋友look和see,這兩個(gè)單詞都有"看"之意,但表示的意義和用法卻不同.look強(qiáng)調(diào)"看"的動(dòng)作,提醒別人注意&

15、quot;看",不強(qiáng)調(diào)"是否看到"。如:Look! Miss Wu is coming. 看!吳老師來(lái)了.look年紀(jì)大,視力不好,看不到面前的人或事物,必須給他配上一副眼鏡"at",才能看到面前的人或事物。如:Look at the boy. 看這個(gè)男孩.Look at this map. 看這張地圖.see 強(qiáng)調(diào)"看"的結(jié)果,意思是"看見(jiàn)(到)".see年紀(jì)小,視力好,能看到面前的人或事物。如:I can see him. 我能看到他.-Can you see the bird? 你能看見(jiàn)那只鳥(niǎo)嗎?-

16、Yes, I can. 是的,我能看見(jiàn).小朋友們,你們現(xiàn)在了解look和see了吧!請(qǐng)做下面的練習(xí)檢驗(yàn)一下好嗎?用Look, look at 和see完成句子.1. _!This is my new pencil-box.2. Please _ the picture.3. I can _ a car.4. Where are you? I can't _ you.5. Boys and girls,_ the blackboard.Key: 1. Look 2. look at 3. see 4. see 5. look at already 和 yetalready和ye

17、t都可作“已經(jīng)”講already一般用在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句中。Have you found your ruler yet？你已經(jīng)找到尺子了嗎？I have already seen the film我已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了。We have already read the book. 我們已看過(guò)這本書(shū)。already若用在疑問(wèn)句中，常表示吃驚意外的語(yǔ)氣。此時(shí)already常放在句末。如：Have you had your lunch already?)Have you finished already? (我以為你沒(méi)有做完，表示出乎意料。)Well, have you forgotten

18、already? Two weeks ago, it had a baby.yet一般用在完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。Have you found your ruler yet？你已經(jīng)找到尺子了嗎？ still和yetstill和yet都有“還”、“仍然”之意. still表示“某事尚在進(jìn)行中”，常用于肯定句中，也可用在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，在否定句中須放在否定詞not之前。yet表示“某事尚未發(fā)生或完成”，多用于否定句或帶否定詞的陳述句中。如：?/P>They were still neck and neck他們還是齊頭并進(jìn)。?/P>Does he still work i

19、n the factory？他還在那個(gè)工廠工作嗎？?/P>They still haven't got more money他們直到現(xiàn)在還是沒(méi)有得到更多的錢(qián)。?/P>He has not yet begun to work他尚未開(kāi)始工作。?/P>Have you had your lunch？你吃過(guò)中飯了嗎？?/P>No，not yet還沒(méi)有。She hasn't learned any English songs yet. 她末學(xué)唱過(guò)任何英文歌。a 與one 的“較量”Hello, boys and girls! a 與one 的“

20、較量”非常激烈，我們?nèi)デ魄啤?#160;   a和 one 都有“一”的意思。但a著重指類別，表示同類事物中的一個(gè)。one著重指數(shù)量。強(qiáng)調(diào)類別時(shí)，要用a不用one，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量時(shí)，要用one不用a。如：My sister is a teacher. 我的姐姐是一個(gè)老師。（此句不能用one）He has only one pencil. 他只有一只鉛筆。（此句不能用a）除此之外，a 與 one還有以下不同，希望小朋友們特別注意啊！1. 表示“每一”含義時(shí)，用a不用one。如：There are seven days in a week. 每一周有七天。2. 表示編號(hào)時(shí)，用one不

21、用a。如：Grade One一年級(jí), Class One 一班,  Row One第一排。    怎么樣？students，看了a 與one 的“較量”，你們覺(jué)得誰(shuí)的“本事”大？千萬(wàn)不要忘了學(xué)“兩招”?。∽詈?花費(fèi)-地上，泥土(2007-08-02 21:33:18)標(biāo)簽：知識(shí)/探索  分類：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)搜集庫(kù)at last, finally, in the end 這三個(gè)詞都有"最后"的意思，而且常常可以互換使用。at last意思是"最后"，往往表示"經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力或曲折的過(guò)程之后"的意

22、思，也有"某人一直期待的事情終于發(fā)生了"之意。常常有較濃厚的感情色彩。如：At last, the owner of the house said they could stay in the barn. 最終房子的主人同意讓他們?cè)诠葌}(cāng)留宿。finally是副詞，一般指一系列事物或論點(diǎn)的順序，沒(méi)有較強(qiáng)的感情色彩。如：Finally she went to see the famous man and told him everything. 最后她去拜訪了那位知名人士并把一切告訴了他。in the end主要用于口語(yǔ)中，其意同finally，表示"在(經(jīng)過(guò))一段時(shí)

23、間的思考之后"的決定，如：In the end we decided not to buy it. 最后我們打算不買(mǎi)它了。real, truereal既是形容詞又是副詞，其意為"真的，真實(shí)的"，在作副詞時(shí)與true在意義上的主要區(qū)別是：real指人的感官覺(jué)得某物像"真的"，多指真實(shí)存在的，而不是想象出來(lái)的。如：Was it real or was it a dream? 這是真的還是個(gè)夢(mèng)？true既是形容詞也是副詞，意思是"真實(shí)的，真正的"，其意義與real的區(qū)別是：true的"真實(shí)"是建立在已知的事實(shí)基

24、礎(chǔ)上，指與實(shí)際相符，不是"發(fā)明"或"編造"出來(lái)的。如：This is a true story. 這是一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事。Is the news true? 這消息是真的嗎？a movie based on a true story 一個(gè)以真實(shí)故事為背景的影片true與real在某些情況下也可以通用，如在表示一件事情的實(shí)際情況與真實(shí)情況不符時(shí)，true與real都可以用。如：Tell me the real/true reason why he resigned. 告訴我他辭職的真實(shí)原因。He seems quiet but reveals his true

25、/real character on the football field. 他看起來(lái)很安靜但是在足球場(chǎng)上卻展現(xiàn)了他真實(shí)的一面。另外，在說(shuō)到某事物時(shí)舉例說(shuō)他/它有其應(yīng)有的"重要"性質(zhì)時(shí)，二者均可使用。如：She was his first real/true girlfriend. 她是他的第一個(gè)真正的女朋友。This job will be a true/real test of the new system. 這項(xiàng)工作將會(huì)是對(duì)這個(gè)新系統(tǒng)的一次真實(shí)的檢驗(yàn)。 spend;cost;take;pay;pay for解釋一spend, cost, take, pay和

26、pay for都可以翻譯成"花費(fèi)"的意思，但各自的含義不同。spend的主語(yǔ)必須是"人"，賓語(yǔ)可以是錢(qián)、精力、時(shí)間等，其后用on+名詞或用(in)+動(dòng)名詞形式，不接不定式。如：He spends too much money on books.他平時(shí)將很多錢(qián)用在買(mǎi)書(shū)上。He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car.他花了很多錢(qián)買(mǎi)了一輛新車。Every morning he spends half an hour on English.每天早晨他用半小時(shí)讀英語(yǔ)。(句中on English可與(in) readi

27、ng English替換)cost的主語(yǔ)必須是"物"或"事"，表示"費(fèi)用"、"耗費(fèi)"，后接life, money, health, time等，側(cè)重于"花費(fèi)"的代價(jià)。如：That one mistake almost cost him his life.那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤幾乎讓他喪命。The book cost him one dollar.這本書(shū)花了他一美元。It costs you twelve pounds to go to London by ship.乘船到倫敦要12英磅。Making expe

28、riments like this costs much time and labour.做這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)要花很多錢(qián)。take表示"花費(fèi)"時(shí)，其主語(yǔ)一般是"一件事"，有時(shí)主語(yǔ)也可以是人，它說(shuō)明事情的完成"花費(fèi)了"。如：It took me ten minutes to go to the post office.我到郵局用了十分鐘。It takes a lot of money to buy a house as big as that.買(mǎi)一座像那樣的房子要花很多錢(qián)。The journey took me three hours.這次旅行

29、用了我三個(gè)小時(shí)。Painting the picture took me all week.畫(huà)這幅畫(huà)用了我整整一周的時(shí)間。說(shuō)明：take. to do sth.句型側(cè)重完成該動(dòng)作花費(fèi)的時(shí)間，而spend.doing sth.有時(shí)并不說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是否完成。如：It took him an hour to read the book.他用一小時(shí)讀完了這本書(shū)。He spent an hour (in) reading the book.他用了一小時(shí)讀這本書(shū)。(是否讀完并未說(shuō)明)pay的基本意思是"支付"，作為及物動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)可以是"人"和"錢(qián)"。

30、如：He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.他付了出租車的錢(qián)，急忙向車站趕去。They had to pay two hundred francs.他們得付二百法朗。We'll pay you in a few days.幾天后我們會(huì)給你錢(qián)。pay for的賓語(yǔ)為"物"和"事"，for表示支付的原因。如：You'll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你每周得付給我十美元飯錢(qián)。解釋二：take是動(dòng)詞，作"花費(fèi)"

31、;講，常指"花費(fèi)時(shí)間"，通常用于下列句型："It takes/will take/took sb some time to do sth."意為"某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間做某事"，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。如：It takes me an hour to walk there. 我步行到那兒需要一小時(shí)。spend為動(dòng)詞，意思是"花費(fèi)"，多指"花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢(qián)"。常用句型為"spend.on."，指"在某方面花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢(qián)"。如：I'll spend twenty

32、yuan on an English book. 我將花20元錢(qián)買(mǎi)一本英語(yǔ)書(shū)。在某方面花費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力也可用句型：spend.in doing.， in可以省略。如：I spent an hour (in) doing my homework.我花了一小時(shí)做作業(yè)。pay為動(dòng)詞，意思是"給報(bào)酬"、"付款"，pay for (sth)意思是"付錢(qián)，支付"。如：I paid 100 yuan for the bike.我花了一百元買(mǎi)了這輛自行車。pay還有"賠償"的意思。如：I'm afraid I'll

33、have to pay for the lost books. 恐怕我得要賠償丟失的書(shū)。cost是動(dòng)詞，意思是"花費(fèi)"，意義較為廣泛，可指"花費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、勞力、精力"等。如：1) The work cost us much labour. 這項(xiàng)工作消耗我們很多勞力。2) The book cost me five yuan. 這本書(shū)花去我5元錢(qián)。 earth, land, ground, fieldearth為名詞，意思是"地上"(對(duì)應(yīng)著sky)、"泥土"。前面用the，即the earth 指地球。如

34、：They felt the earth shaking beneath their feet. 他們感到腳下的地面在顫動(dòng)。當(dāng)其為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)意為"泥土"。We'll fill the hole with earth. 我們將用泥土填上這個(gè)洞。land為名詞，意思是"陸地，土地"。表示"土地"的意思時(shí)，指可以耕種的田地或可以建筑的土地等，與field相同。表示"陸地"的意思時(shí)，與"水澤"和"海洋"相對(duì)。在詩(shī)歌中，land也可指"國(guó)家"或"

35、地區(qū)"。如：They are working in the land (field). 他們正在田地里干活。Which is the biggest animal on land? 哪個(gè)是陸地上最大的動(dòng)物？Are you going by land or by sea? 你走陸路還是海路？The news quickly spread throughout the land. 消息很快傳遍了全國(guó)。ground為名詞，意思是"地面、土地"，指陸地的表面用the ground 。如：My wallet dropped on the ground when I was

36、walking in the park. 我在公園散步時(shí)，錢(qián)包掉在了地上。field為名詞，意為"田地、田野"，指可供種植、耕種農(nóng)作物的田地。如：The children are working in a wheat field. 孩子們正在麥田里干活。a / an  That's right. / That's all right. / All right. it's, its(2007-07-30 15:00

37、:39)I. a / anII. That's right. / That's all right. / All right.III. it's, its【訓(xùn)練館】I. 用a或an填空。1. It's_apple, not_cake.2. This is_pear. That's_orange.3. Miss Gao is_English teacher. Mr Wang is_Chinese teacher.4. This is_bike. It's_old bike.II. 用That's right., That's all

38、 right.或All right.填空。1. Excuse me. Are you Li Ping?No, I'm Li Lin.Sorry._2. What number is Zhang Hong?I think he's Number 5.Yes. _3. Thanks a lot._4. Let's go to school._ Let's go.III. 用it's和its填空。1. What's this in English?_a cup.2. _a dog. _name is Bobo.3. Where's my pen

39、?_here.參考答案：I. 1. an, a 2. a, an 3. an, a 4. a, an II. 1. That's all right. 2. That's right. 3. That's all right. 4. All right.III. 1. It's 2. It's, Its 3. It's8. 特殊詞精講 8.1 stop doing/to dostop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette.他們停下來(lái)，抽了根煙。I m

40、ust stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。典型例題 She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. resting C. to restD. rest答案：C。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來(lái)在一個(gè)路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇"stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以stop doing sth.不正確。8.2 forget doing/to do forget t

41、o do忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事。(已做)The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 ( 已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)Dont forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來(lái)。 (to come動(dòng)作未做)典型例題- The light in the office is still on.- Oh，I forgot_. A. turning

42、 it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。8.3 remember doing/to doremember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)remember doing記得做過(guò)某事 (已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放

43、學(xué)后去趟郵局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?8.4 regret doing/to do regret to do 對(duì)要做的事遺憾。(未做)regret doing 對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔。(已做)I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒(méi)有辦法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。典型例題-You were brave enough to raise obje

44、ctions at the meeting.-Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C.to have done D.having done答案：D。regret having done sth. 對(duì)已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。regret to do sth. 對(duì)將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對(duì)已說(shuō)的話感到后悔，因此選D。8.5 cease doing/to do cease to do 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。cease doing 短時(shí)停止做某事，以后還會(huì)接著做。That department has ceased to exist f

45、orever. 那個(gè)部門(mén)已不復(fù)存在。The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘們?cè)诶蠋熥哌^(guò)時(shí)，停了會(huì)聊天。8.6 try doing/to do try to do努力，企圖做某事。try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。8.7 go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go

46、on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)8.8 be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為"怕"；be afraid of doing擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。 doing 是客觀上

47、造成的，意為"生怕，恐怕"。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在草叢中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。8.9 be interested doing/to do interested to do 對(duì)做某事感興趣，想了解某事。interested i

48、n doing 對(duì)某種想法感興趣，doing 通常為想法。I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道發(fā)生了什么事。 (想了解)Im interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我對(duì)在瑞士工作感興趣。你想過(guò)這事嗎? (一種想法)8.10 mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想mean doing意味著I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我

49、父親不肯讓我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.贈(zèng)加工資意味著增加購(gòu)買(mǎi)力。8.11 begin(start) doing/to do begin / start to do sthbegin / start doing sth.1)談及一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期活動(dòng)或開(kāi)始一種習(xí)慣時(shí)，使用doing. How old were you when you first started playing the piano?你幾歲時(shí)開(kāi)始彈鋼琴？2)begin, start用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，后面動(dòng)詞用不定式to doI was beginning to get an

50、gry。我開(kāi)始生起氣來(lái)。3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize這類動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用不定式to do。I begin to understand the truth。我開(kāi)始明白真相。4)物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)It began to melt.8.12 感官動(dòng)詞 + doing/to do 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性I saw hi

51、m work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見(jiàn)了"這個(gè)事實(shí))I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見(jiàn)他正干活"這個(gè)動(dòng)作）昨天我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。典型例題1）They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow答案：A。因題意為，他們看著她長(zhǎng)大，因此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，而非正在長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作，

52、因此用see sb do sth 的句型。2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A. playing B. to be playingC. playD. to play答案A. 本題強(qiáng)調(diào)其動(dòng)作，正在河邊玩，應(yīng)此用see sb. doing sth句型 形相近，意相遠(yuǎn)1. a / ana用在輔音(音素)前(注意：不是輔音字母)；an則用在元音(音素)前(注意：不是元音字母)。例如：This is a pen.這是一支鋼筆。That is an apple.那是一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。2. Mr / Mrs / Miss在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中，&quo

53、t;Teacher +姓"用來(lái)稱呼老師是不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的。在英語(yǔ)里，要稱呼某老師時(shí)，一般用"MrMrsMiss +姓"來(lái)表示。Mr常用于男性教師，Mrs用來(lái)稱呼已婚女性，Miss用來(lái)稱呼未婚女性，以示尊重、禮貌。單獨(dú)喊一聲"老師"時(shí)，通常用Sir或Madam，而不應(yīng)該喊teacher。3. Sorry. / Excuse me.Sorry.與Excuse me.都有"對(duì)不起"的意思。sorry側(cè)重于事后對(duì)所犯的過(guò)錯(cuò)或不能滿足對(duì)方的要求而向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢獾膱?chǎng)合。Excuse me.為客套用語(yǔ)，常常在"向人問(wèn)路"

54、;、"向?qū)Ψ皆儐?wèn)情況"、"插話"、"請(qǐng)求"等場(chǎng)合使用。4. this / that / itthis意思為"這；這個(gè)"，指較近的人或物；that意思為"那；那個(gè)"，指較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。this, that可與is連用，用來(lái)表明或介紹一個(gè)人或物。其中that is可以縮寫(xiě)為that's，但this is沒(méi)有縮寫(xiě)形式。例如：This is my friend, Tom.這是我的朋友湯姆。That's an English jeep.那是一輛英國(guó)吉普車。打電話時(shí)，this表示自己，that

55、表示對(duì)方。例如：Hello, this is Tom. Is that Jim?喂，我是湯姆。你是吉姆嗎？表示"那天"可用that day，表示"今天"不能用this day，而應(yīng)該用today。回答this，that的問(wèn)句時(shí)，一般要用it來(lái)代替this或that，同時(shí)代詞it應(yīng)根據(jù)問(wèn)句譯為"這"或"那"。例如：-What's that? -It's a bike.5. That's right. / Tha's all right.That's right中的right意思

56、是"對(duì)的"，"正確的"，如果對(duì)方說(shuō)的話或講的道理，你認(rèn)為是對(duì)的，則用此語(yǔ)。That's all right.主要用于表示對(duì)別人的感謝，意為"不用謝"，"不客氣"。另外，That's all right.也可以用于對(duì)別人的道歉或感謝所作出的禮貌回答。如：-I'm sorry. I broke the cup. -That's all right.6. have / there behave和there be都可以表示"有"，其中have表示"所有，擁有&q

57、uot;；there be則表示"存在"。there be句型中的動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)該根據(jù)后面的主語(yǔ)確定，若主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞則用is，若主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞則用are。另外，若含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則應(yīng)該根據(jù)最靠近be的主語(yǔ)確定選用is或are。7. some / anysome和any都有"一些"的意思，都可以用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，但用法有別:some一般用于肯定句中；any則用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。若是帶有some的肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň浠蛞蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，則需將some改為any。some也可以用于表示請(qǐng)求、建議或希望對(duì)方肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中。例如

58、：Would you like some bananas?你愿意吃些香蕉嗎？8. in the wall / on the wallin the wall和on the wall都表示"在墻上"的意思，但in the wall指的是在墻的里面；on the wall指的是在墻的面上。例如：There is a hole in the wall.墻上有個(gè)洞。There is a picture on the wall.墻上有幅圖畫(huà)。9. look the same / look likelook the same是個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，意思是"看起來(lái)很像"，主語(yǔ)既可以指人，也可以指物，但必須是復(fù)數(shù)形式，后面不再接賓語(yǔ)