定語(yǔ)與五種句型關(guān)聯(lián)學(xué)案

1、定語(yǔ)知識(shí)小結(jié)By Megan一、 基礎(chǔ)概念引入1. 定義：修飾或限定名詞的詞語(yǔ)叫定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明 的品質(zhì)與特征的 或_。2. 位置：定語(yǔ)的位置一般有兩種：用在所修飾詞之前的叫前置定語(yǔ)，用在所修飾詞之后的叫后置定語(yǔ)。3. 類型：前置定語(yǔ)通常由單個(gè)的形容詞或名詞擔(dān)任；后置定語(yǔ)則由形容詞或者相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞組（如介詞結(jié)構(gòu)、形容詞詞組、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組）和從句（定語(yǔ)從句）擔(dān)任。4、關(guān)聯(lián)：由形容詞到相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞組到定語(yǔ)從句，它們之間有內(nèi)在的關(guān)聯(lián)，尤其是相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞組與定語(yǔ)從句之間在一定條件下可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。5、能力：朗讀時(shí)，一般在相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞組或從句處有停頓，聽(tīng)時(shí)可幫助意群分節(jié)理解，以提高口

2、語(yǔ)與受聽(tīng)的節(jié)奏感；閱讀時(shí)，要善于迅速分清主干名詞與定語(yǔ)部分，理解其修飾、限制或說(shuō)明主干名詞的作用；寫(xiě)作時(shí)，按照定語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，妥善安排好其詞序和語(yǔ)序，定語(yǔ)是豐富和拓展內(nèi)容的有效手段。二、 具體知識(shí)講解（一） 作前置定語(yǔ)的有：例如：1：English book 英語(yǔ)書(shū)room number房間號(hào)碼2：my book 我的書(shū)her pen 她的鋼筆 Our teacher 我們的老師Nick's house 尼克的房子3.：expensive book 貴的書(shū)good book 好的書(shū) happy girl 快樂(lè)的女孩4： three books 三本書(shū) Ten apples 十個(gè)蘋(píng)果【小

3、結(jié)】1、與漢語(yǔ)有區(qū)別的是，英語(yǔ)名詞前面一般應(yīng)有五種限定詞（冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格）中的任一種修飾限定，缺少一般就是錯(cuò)誤（高考改錯(cuò)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)）；2、試著翻譯“學(xué)校教師”，下面哪個(gè)正確：school teachers, schools teachers, the teachers of this school；如何區(qū)分？名詞修飾名詞更強(qiáng)調(diào)其“功能用途”，往往具有“恒久性”特征，所有格則表示“暫時(shí)所有”屬性。還應(yīng)注意區(qū)分：chemistry lessons /chemical lessons, wood desk / wooden desk等。（該區(qū)分知識(shí)可從劍橋簡(jiǎn)明

4、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法指南中求證查找）（二）作后置定語(yǔ)的有：A. 句子： (復(fù)合句專題再講)B. 少量的單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)會(huì)放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后，它們是：1.  英語(yǔ)中有些以 為詞首的形容詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，均放在被修飾語(yǔ)后面。如：alone, alike, afraid, aware, ashamed, awake 等 例如：The girl asleep soundly is my younger sister.  He is the&

5、#160;greatest writer alive.   2. 以后綴 和  結(jié)尾的形容詞，有強(qiáng)烈的謂語(yǔ)色彩和被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，也往往后置。例如： He is the only person reliable.     Are there any tickets available? That's the only star visible now.3. 形容詞修

6、飾由any-,every-, some-等跟-body, -one,-thing構(gòu)成的 時(shí)，一般放在其后。 例如： Id like something cheaper.  There is something strange in the sky.    4. 在意義上表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等的少量 ，做定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在名詞之后。例如： The weather here is very nice.

7、  The building around are mostly of modern constructions.   C. 五個(gè)常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)：1、 做后置定語(yǔ)例如： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.    People in the world

8、0;play basketball.     The city of New York is very large.     2、 做后置定語(yǔ)例如：He looked at the street full of cars.Italian is a Language very difficult to learn. She has a garden

9、much larger than yours. 3、 做后置定語(yǔ) 例如： They built a highway leading into the mountains.   We met a group of pupils returning from school. 【注意】現(xiàn)在分詞單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)，通常放在所修飾詞 ；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾詞的 . 例如：The sleeping boy is Tom

10、The boy sleeping on the ground is Tom.4、 做后置定語(yǔ) 例如：Whats the language spoken in that area?    Is there anything planned for tonight?  5、 做后置定語(yǔ)： I have a lot of work to do today

11、. He had a big family to support.  Among the men to take part in the work, he is probably the most active.  【注意】現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：時(shí)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成；語(yǔ)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)第一組

12、：1 The man _(stand )over there now. 2 The man _(stand)over there then.3 The man _(stand )over there yesterday.4 The man _(stand ) over there very often.5 The man _(stand )over there tomorrow.1 The man _ (stand )over there now is from America.2 The man _ (stand)over there then is from America.3 The m

13、an _ (stand )over there yesterday is from America .4 The man _ (stand ) over there very often is from America .5 The man _ (stand )over there tomorrow is from America .第二組：1, The building _(build )here now.2, The building _(build )here then.3, The building _(build )here last year.4, The building _(b

14、uild )here very often.5, The building _(build)here already.6, The building _(build)here next year.1, The building _ (build )here now is a school .2, The building _ (build )here then is a school .3, The building _ (build )here last year is a school .4, The building _ (build )here very often is a scho

15、ol 5, The building _ (build)here already is a school.6, The building _ (build)here next year is a school.用分詞改寫(xiě)句子1. Do you know the boy who is reading in the room?2. The teacher had to correct the mistakes which were made by the students.3. The man who gave us the lecture was a famous scientist4. The

16、 road which is being built will be used next week.句子判斷： 1、 The teacher reading the reports written by the students. 2、 The teacher reading the reports written by the students is Megan.三、在線連接高考1、前置定語(yǔ)的考查：2016高考卷I ：68、69On my recent visit, I held a lively three-m

17、onth-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few _69_ (day) with his sister.2015高考卷I 63、65A few hours before, I had been at home in Hong Kong, with _63_ (it) choking

18、smog.Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.dark waters of the Li River_64which_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65_ (painting).二調(diào)試卷 62、63、68After a long journey I reached Yunnan. With _62_ (it) minority villages and impressive landscapes, Yunnan had a lot to offer. One of

19、my _63_ (enjoy) moments in Yunnan was during my visit to The Tiger Leaping Gorge.···looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most _68_ (relax) experiences of my life.三調(diào)試卷 66、改錯(cuò)···the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their _66_

20、(value) wood, or learn how to use it better.改錯(cuò)：Bob is very sorry to have missed the first two lesson this morning.2、后置定語(yǔ)的考察：2016全國(guó)卷I 66 改錯(cuò)I was the first Western TV reporter _66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.改錯(cuò): Every day he makes sure the vegetables using for cooking are fresh.2015全國(guó)卷I 68、69