長寧東南數(shù)理化初三英語動詞專項

1、動詞專項講解語法熱身一、詞匯1. electricity / electric/ electrician/ electronic/ electrical1) make sure that lights and otherappliances are turned off when not needed2) avoiding usingdictionary while doing some reading3) simon's father used to be an.4) i got anshock from that faulty light switch when 1 was fou

2、rteen.5 ) don't leave the tv on, it wastes2. excited / excitingall of us wereat thenews yesterday.3. fall / feel1) the doctormy forehead and said/1 you have got a high feve匚”2) many treesin the sand storm last night.4. asleep / sleepy/ sleep/ sleeping1) the driver feltlast night, so he fellas so

3、on as he lay in bed2) when do you go toevery day?3) 1 took a-car to beijing last friday.5 find out/ find/ discover/ invent/ look for/ search for1) columbusamerica in 1492.2) do you know who firstclock?3) j cineher key to the drawer everywhere just now, but she couldn'tit.4) please try towho brok

4、e the window5) the policethe criminals for hours this morning.二、詞組短語1. 以break為中心的詞組break away from 脫離，逃離break down破壞，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，拋錨break in闖進，打斷；使順服break into闖入；強行進入；突然開始break out爆發(fā),發(fā)生；準備使用;起錨break the law違反法律break the record 破i己錄break one's promise 失言break up開墾，破碎；解散，分開，分解2. 以catch為中心的詞組be caught

5、 doing被發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事be caught in the rain 淋雨catch a bus/train 趕汽車/火車catch a cold傷風，感冒catch one's word聽懂某人的話catch sight of 發(fā)現(xiàn)，瞥見catch up with 趕上，追及，追上知識梳理知識點1:動詞專項講解i. 動詞的定義：動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。例如：work,工作,study,學(xué)習(xí)，eat吃。ii. 動詞的分類：1）限定動詞：限定動詞在句中作謂語，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。2）非限定動詞：有動詞不定式，動名詞和分詞三種。在句屮不能單獨作謂語，沒有人稱和 數(shù)的變化。3）實義動詞：有完整

6、的詞義，并能單獨作謂語，實義動詞又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。 例如：study學(xué)習(xí),reach到達，see看見,rise升起。4）連系動詞：在句中作謂語動詞，后面跟表語。連系動詞有be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feelo5）助動詞：只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣等動詞形式。例如：do, shall, will, have, has.6）情態(tài)動詞：表示能力，義務(wù)，必要，猜測等說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞只能和動詞 原形一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞。情態(tài)動詞有can, will, have, be, should, do, would,等can/ may/

7、 must用法概覽情態(tài)動詞許可猜測其他cancan'tmaymustmustnt隨堂練習(xí)：1. youlose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night. （2011 年中考真題）a. may b. needc. shouldd. ought toa） can't b） needn't c） shouldn't d） mustn't3. can you speak louder, please? ihear you clearly.（ 楊 j甫二模）a. mustn'tb. shou

8、ldn'tc needn'td. can't4. passengersstay seated during the take-off and landing（楊 j甫一模）a） can b） may c） shouldd） must5. computerssolve many difficult problems quickly（奉賢一模）a） canb） mustc） needd） should6. itbe fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow（ 靜安二模）a mustb needc

9、 cand may關(guān)于問答句can i.?yes, you can/ may.no, you cant/mustnlmay i.?同上must i？yes, you mustno, you needif t=no, you don% have to.隨堂練習(xí)：1. mum, can you buy me the new ipad after the high school entrance examination?一-i'm afraid i, dcar. wc arc short of money now （金 山二模）a can'tb mustn'tc should

10、n'td needn't2. must we finish the poster in class?no, you. you can finish it after class.（普陀二模）a. mustntb. needn'tc. shouldn'td. carft關(guān)于need的考點情態(tài)動詞：need do行為動詞:need to do, need sth.1. plants and flowerswater and sun when they start growing （2012 長寧二模）a. need tob. don't needc. nee

11、dn'td.clon't need to2. there is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so youbuy any more（2013 黃）甫一模）a. mustrf tb. needn'tc carf td shouldn't3. the weather report says it won't rain this afternoon, so you take an umbrella with you.a） shouldn't b） mustn't c） can'td）

12、needn't隨堂練習(xí)：1. passengersstay seated during the take-off and landing. （2013 楊浦一模）a） can b） may c） shouldd） must2. milliecome to attend your birthday party tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. （ 2013 長寧_模）a) mayb) must c) need d) has to3. computerssolve many difficult problems quickly. (2013

13、奉賢一模)a) canb) mustc) needd) should4. some americans think if students chew gum (咀嚼 口香糖)in class, theyfocus ontheir studya) may not b) neednt c) shouldn't d) mustn't5. there is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so youbuy any more. (2013 黃?甫一模)a. mustn'tb. needn'tc. can'td.

14、shouldn't6. the weather report says it won't rain this afternoon, so youtake an umbrella withyou. (2013 金山一模)a) shouldn't b) mustnt c) can't d) needn't7. cathy has to do the same thing every day. shebe very bored with her job. (2013 閔彳亍一模)a) canb) needc) shouldd) must8. the manag

15、er says thereno hot water after 8:00p.m一you mean wego to bed without a shower. how terrible! (2013 普陀一模)a) have to b) may c) must d) can9. youwatch sports news for a while if you have finished your homework(2013 松江一模)a) must b) need c) should d) may10. on school open day, parentsknow how colorful th

16、eir kids' school life is. (2013徐匯一模)a) shouldb) canc) mustd) need11. for our safety, wedrive cars after drinking any wines. (2013 閘北一模)a) can't b) neednt c) shouldn't d) mustn't12. plants and flowerswater and sun when they start growing. (2012 長寧二模)a. need tob. don't needc. needn

17、ftd. need13. you have already tried your best, so youworry too much about the exams(2012奉賢二模)a. canftb needn'lc mustnld. shouldnl14. only youdo such a thing, tm sure, and nobody else has such an ability. (2012 虹口二模)a mustb. shouldc. mayd. can15. youworry about your son. he can take care of himse

18、lf. (2012 黃浦二模)a. can'tb. may notc mustn'td. nccdrtt16 mum, will you buy me the new ipad after the high school entrance examination?i'm afraid i，dear. we are short of money now. (2012 金山二模)a can ybmustn yc shouldn yd needn t17. itbe fantastic 訐 more students join in the charity show tomo

19、rrow(2012 靜安二模)a mustb needc cand may18. nowadays even a small personal computerstore huge amounts of information.(2012閔行二模)a. mustb. needc. shouldd. can19. every citizentry his best to protect our environment. it's our duty. （2012 j甫東二模）a. needb. mustc can d. may20. 一must we finish the poster i

20、n class?no, you. you can finish it after class. （2012 普陀二模）a. mustn'tb. needn'tc. shouldn'td. can't21. christy has been in china for two years, but she stillspeak chinese. （2012 青浦二模）c mustnftd. shouldn'thurt yourself if you donl stop. （2012 松江二a neednyb. canft22. tom, you mustn&

21、#39;t play with fire. you 模）d. need to（2012徐匯二模）d. can5ta. mayb canc should23. youwash your car at the moment. it's going to rain.a needrttb. mustn'tc shouldn'thear you clearly. （2012 楊浦二模）c. neednd. can't24. can you speak louder, please? ia. mustn*tb. shouldn't知識點2：非謂語動詞專項講解一、動詞

22、不定式（重點）1、結(jié)構(gòu)及特征：動詞不定式的基本形式是“to +動詞原形”，有時可以不帶to。動詞不定 式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子屮不能作謂語，但可以擔任除謂語外的任何成分 主語、表語、賓語、狀語和賓語補足語，所以我們又稱之為非謂語形式。動詞不定式 仍保留動詞的特點，即它可以有自己的賓語和狀語。2、動詞不定式的用法：動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句子中可以作主 語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。1）作主語例女口： to learn english well is not easy. 或 it is not easy to learn english well.說明動詞不定式作主語時，往往

23、用il作形式主語，這種句型可歸納為下面的句型:itis + adj.+動詞不定式如果要說明不定式表示的動作執(zhí)行者，可以用for+sbit is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.2）作表語my wish is to become a teacher.3）作賓語most of us like to watch football matches.4）作賓語補足語he told me to be here on time.5）作定語i have nothing to say about that thing.6)作狀語he stopped to have a look.說明動詞不定

24、式的否定形式：not + to +動詞原形構(gòu)成例如：he asked me not to make such a mistake3、不定式的否定形式：tell him not to shut the window典型例題tell him the window.a to shut not b. not to shut c to not shut d. not shut 答案：b. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為 tell sb not to do sth.4、動詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞who, what, which和疑問副詞when, where, how,why等后面可

25、以按動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，可以在句子中作主語、賓語、 表語等成分。例如：(1) he doesnt know how (o use the machine.(不定式作賓語) (2) how to use the machine is a question.(不定式作主語)(3) the question is when to go thee (不定式作表語)5、省to的動詞不定式1) 使役動詞 let, have, make：2) 感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補,省

26、略to。注意：在被動語態(tài)中則9不能省掉。a. i saw him dance二he was seen to danceb. the boss made them work the whole night.=they were made to work the whole night.3) would rather, had better + do【難點】6、不定式的特殊句型：1) too.to.：太而不能he is too excited to speak2) enough to do：足以做.the child is old enough to go to schoo 11.3) why n

27、ot +動詞原形”表達向某人提出建議，翻譯為：”為什么不?* why not take a holiday?4) so as (not) to do:表示目的go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.7、不定式的難點：1) 用作介詞的"to"： look forward to 渴望;pay attention to 注意;devote oneself to 獻 身于;be/get used to習(xí)慣等等。2) its for sb和 its of sba. for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, h

28、ard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等：it's very hard for him to study two languages.對他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。b.ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品徳，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, rightoifs very nice of you to help me.你來幫助我，你真是太好了?！菊f明】for與of的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通 順用of,不通則用for。如1：

29、 you are nice.（通順，所以應(yīng)用of）。he is hard.（人是困難的， 不通。或者:to study two languages is hard for him。因此應(yīng)用 for。）二、動詞的ing形式：1. 動詞的ing形式用作動名詞：動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成，它在句中起名詞的作用， 可以在句子中用作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補語、狀語和定語。1）動名詞作主語walking is good exercise.走路是很好的運動2）動名詞作表語my favorite sport is swimming.我最喜歡的運動是游泳。3）動名詞作賓語jim di

30、slikes eating chocolate.吉姆不喜歡吃巧克力。she carft help crying at a sad movie.她看了憂傷的電影禁不住要哭。說明有些動詞和動詞短語后只能接動名詞作賓語。例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等。6）動名詞作定語：動名詞作定語時和形容詞的功能是相似的。動名詞可以單獨作定語,

31、例如：a smiling face 笑臉 swimming pool 游泳池 dining-car 餐車2. 動詞的ing形式用作現(xiàn)在分詞：-ing分詞通常用作賓語補足語，表示動作正在發(fā)生或者正在進行。這種用法通常用在 下列動詞中： see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe例如：1） there we found him watching tv.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在那兒看電視。2） i heard someone knocking at the door.我聽見有人在敲門。3. 比較：1）共同點：動

32、詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和動詞的ing形式都被稱之為非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，因此它們一般 都可以放在句中除了謂語之外的其他位置。2）區(qū)別 動詞不定式的基本含義是表示謂語動詞后面的動作還未發(fā)生，此外，若謂語動詞 后面的動作發(fā)生過了也用不定式，而分詞的基本含義一般則表示動作正在發(fā) 生或進行。 動名詞的基本用法是該結(jié)構(gòu)用在及物動詞或介詞之后構(gòu)成動賓短語或介賓短語。3）接不定式或動名詞，意義相同：begin to dobegin doingstart to dostart doing4）動名詞與不定式語義不同：a. stop to dob. forget to doc. remember to dod. try to do

33、e go on to dof. mean to dostop doing forget doing remember doing try doing go on doing mean doing隨堂練習(xí)：中考題las we all know, it's not polite to keep othersfor a long time. (2011 上海中考)a.waitb. waitedc. to waitd. waiting2.you had better because you have to drive back home. (2011 上海中考)a not drinking b

34、 not drink c.don't drink d not to drink3 before going to the history museum, our teacher told usthe public rules. (2010 上海中考)a. obeyb. to obeyc. obeyingd. obeyed(2009上海中(2009上海中(2008上海中4. the woman feels that she should let her sonhis own decision this time.考)a.makesb.makec.to maked.making5. sus

35、an finally became a popular singer after he practicedfor years.考)a.singb.to singc.singingd.sang6. our headmaster asked usa report on how to protect wild animals.考)a. writeb. writingc to writed. wrote7. we'd betteroff our mobile phones. the meet will start in a minute.a. to turnb. turningc turnd.

36、 turned一二模1 what are you going to do when you finishthe room?d)cleanedd) protecta) to cleanb)cleaningc)clean2. we'll make lawsour environment.a) protectedb) protectingc) to protect3 my little brother hopes the film dad, where are we going, though he has seen ittwice.a) to seeb) seec) to seeingd)

37、 saw4. while in college, mike never minded extra work for his classa) to dob) doingc) dod) did5. to live a green life, we trymore energy and produce less pollution.a. to saveb. savec savesd. saved6. m匚 white spent about one hour and a halfthe accident report yesterday evening.a. writeb. writtenc wri

38、tingd. to write7. children are often warnedthe fire.a) not to playb) to playc) don't playd) doesn't play8. we5d rathersome books instead of playing computer gamesa) readb) to readc) readingd) reads9. linda and her mother are busythe necessary things into their suitcases.a) packb) packingc) p

39、ackedd) to pack10. even in the police station, the thief still deniedthe girl's wallet from her pocket.a) stealb) stolec) stealingd) to steal11. all of the teachers and students hopea successful result in the projecta) haveb)to havec)haved)having12. all the people were amazed that the girl could

40、 keepfor hours.a) turnb) turningc) to turnd) turned13. in order to have a good sleep, you should let your body.a) relaxb)relaxesc)to relaxd)relaxing14. you had betterwith her about the colour and the size of the furniture.a) discussedb) discussingc) to discussd).discuss15. it is not easy for the chi

41、nesefor a visa(簽證)to the usaa. applyb. to applyc applyingd. applied16. fll invite you to my new flat as soon as i finishit.a decoratingb. decoratec. to decorated. decorated17. if i can't finishmy homework now, fll go on with it after supper.a. dob. doingc. didd. to do1& nowadays most of the

42、chinese have decideda trip to malaysia.a. don't takeb not to takec. not taked. wont take19. during the summer holidays, the girl practisedthe piano for three hours every day.a. playb playsc. to playd. playing課后作業(yè)(一)1. when the earthquake was felt, m匚 wang rushed into the teaching building to ask

43、 the studentsout to safety.a) to runb) runc) rand) running2. you'd betterdepend on your dictionaiy all the time. try to guess the meaning of theword from the context.a) don'tb) notc) not tod) to not3 alice had a bad cold and the doctor told her plenty of watera) drinkb) drinksc) drankd) to d

44、rink4. the way of improving our spoken english isit as often as we can.a) speakb) to speakc) spokend) to speaking5. at the meeting jack deniedcomic strips in class from time to time. we canx jump toconclusions.a) readb) to readc) readingd) have read6. would you mindforward a bit? it is too crowded h

45、erea. steppingb. to stepc. steppedd. step7. jane asked, "are you sure to make meyounger after you cut my hair?，"a. looksb. lookingc. to lookd. look& jenny deniedanything about the missing purse yesterday afternoon.a) knowb) to knowc) knowingd) knew9. mum always tells meany food when i

46、have dinner at homea) not to wasteb) doit wastec) not wasted) to not waste10. the baby is sleeping now. we'd better.a) not to wake her upb) not wake her upc) to not to wake her upd) don't wake her up11. the most important thing for us grade nine students now is hard as much aspossible.a) wor

47、kb) to workc) workingd) worked12. yesterday i kept for amy at the bus stop for a long time.a) waitb) waitedc) waitingd) to wait13. pansy agrees one of the basic waysour memory is to use the link method.a) improvingb) to improvec) improved) improved14. jenny deniedthe magazines out of the reading roo

48、m yesterday aftemoon.a) takeb) tookc) takingd) to take15. felix is very generous and he doesn't mindme the new ipada) lentb) lendingc) lendd) to lend16. when i was walking along the road, a sudden loud noise made mea) to jumpb) jumpc) jumpedd) junping17. too much homework makes the studentsevery

49、 weekend.a) to studyb) studyc) studiedd) studying18. at first the student deniedvideo games in classa) playb) to playc) playingd) play19. it is really comfortablein an air-conditioned classroom in summer.a) studyb) to studyc) studyingd) studied20. cathy enjoysher grandchildren playing with her pets

50、in the garden.a) watchb) watchingc) to watchd) watches21. we mustn't let people under 18 into internet bars or let thembad things.a) watchesb) watchc) watchedd) watching22. it is essential for a good detectivethe innocent and to find the guilty.a) to protectb) protectingc) protectd) protected23.

51、 in that small seaside village, most children are good ata) swimb) swamc) swimmingd) swims24. spending a whole day working in the field let the childrenthe farmers5 hard life.a) understandb) to understandc) understoodd) understanding25. researchers at xerox designed an icon system. but apple was the

52、 firstit popular.a) makeb)to makec)makingd)made26. we hadn't seen each other for ages, so wc spent the eveningup on each other's newsa) to catchb)catchc)catchingd)to catching27. we had betterbyheart as many sentencepatterns as we can.a) learnb)to learnc)learningd)learnt2& don" allow

53、 other thoughtsyour mind when trying to memorize something.a) enterb) to enterc) enteringd) entered(二)1. detective ken interviewed jill and jenny. they both deniedthe vase.a. stealb. stolec. stealingd. to steal2. south korean first female president, park geun-hye (樸槿惠)promisedher best toserve people

54、a. dob. doingc. didd. to do3. it，s possible for ordinary peopleon the moon in the near futurea. walkb. to walkc. walkingd. will walk4. a good way to improve our memory isinformation with pictures.a) linkb) linkedc) linksd) to link5. keepreading english regularly, your reading skills will be improved

55、 quickly.a. practiceb. practicingc to practiced. practiced6. the traffic police warned the driverdrive over 60 miles in town.a. notb. don'tc. not tod to not7. wait a minute, let meyou how to use this new dish-washer.a) showb) to showc) showingd) will show8. i don't like taking a bus during r

56、ush hours i would rathera bike.a) to rideb) ridingc) rided) rode9. if s unnecessary for youso much luggage for a business trip.a) carryingb) carryc) are carryingd) to carry10. albert hateshere and there to attend all kinds of boring conferences.a) flyb) flyingc) fliesd) has flown11. newspapers say that so far h7n9(禽流感)has caused several peoplea) dieb) to diec) dyingd) died12. after the students learnt the text hot tips for augu