2019高考英語一輪閱讀理解鞏固練(1)(含解析)

1、2019高考英語一輪閱讀理解鞏固練（1）李仕才AIf you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news-if you were a mouse. Theresearchers studied mice, not people.John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted.The researchers limited wh

2、at the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the firstgroup of mice.Price says the mice with the diet restrictionswere “more energetic and sufferedfewer disease. ” They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.The researc

3、hers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Priceexplains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slowdown. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.The researchers say ribosomes u

4、se from 10 to 20 percent of the cells energy tomake those proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it i s impractical to destroy an entire ribosome ” when it startsto break down. However,“repairing individualparts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high qu

5、ality proteins for longer thanthey would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car. ” They need “maintenance to replace the parts thatwear out the fastest. When tires wear out,” he ex

6、plained,“you dont throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires. ”“ Food, ” he said, “isn t just material to be burned - it s a signal that tells our body and cells how torespond. ” Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this may

7、“help us make moreeducated decisions about what we eat. ”1.What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?A. They can keep healthy easilyB. They n eed more en ergy to be activeC. They can look youn ger tha n they are102D. They will live a Ion ger life like huma ns2. What will h

8、appe n to ribosomes if there are fewer calories?A. They will completely break dow nB. They make proteins in the cells slowlyC. They will produce high quality prote ins moreD. They may n eed more time to repair themselves3. Price explained the ribosomes role of repairing themselves by_ .A. telli ng a

9、 storyB. listi ng basic dataC. making comparis onsD. experime nti ng on mice4. What does the text main ly deal with?A. Food decides how long you liveB. Can you slow dow n your aging process?C. Eat ing less may help you live Ion gerD. Should your diet be reduced for your health?【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。通過研究實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)

10、現(xiàn)：吃的少會(huì)使你長(zhǎng)壽。1. A 【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中 The researchers limited what the mice in the othergroup ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer caloriesthan the first group of mice.的提示可知他們能夠很容易保持健康，故選A。2. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中 The researchers fou nd that fewercalories slowdow n a n atural mecha nism in cells called ribo

11、somes.的提示可知它們會(huì)在細(xì)胞中緩慢地產(chǎn)生蛋白質(zhì)，故選B。3”C解析】文童結(jié)構(gòu)體。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中iepaiiing individual parts of nbosome on a regular basis enablesnbosomcs to Gontiniie producing high quality proteiiis for longer ihzn ttey would otherwise. This top qualityproduction, in turn, keeps cells and (he entile body funclioning wdl.的描述可知是通

12、過比較，故選4.C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段首句If you want to slow aging, you might want toeat less. This fin di ng is good news的提示可知這片名文章的主旨是吃的少會(huì)使你長(zhǎng)壽，故選 Co3（2015 南寧第二次適應(yīng)性測(cè)試）LSE SummerSchool, located in the heart of London, is the largest university summer school in Europe.Ourcourses are suitable for those who are at, o

13、r are about to start university.Our school will begin accepting applications inMarch 2017.CoursesAcco unting , Finance , Law, Economics , Busin ess and Intern atio nal Relati ons.DatesSession One: 6- 26 July; Session Two: 27 July- 14 August.RatesThe stude nt rate Thesta ndard rateOne Sessi on 1,775

14、2,500Both Sessi on 2,975 4,250?The stude nt rate applies to all full-time stude nts who are study ing at auni versity or college any where in the world.?Accommodati on is n ot i ncluded.?ln addition, a 50 application fee must be paid when submitting yourapplicati on.Applicant requirementsIf you have

15、 studied in the UK, you don t need any additional Englishqualificati on s.Stude nts from other coun tries will gen erally not require a visa tostudy at our school.However, you will en ter the UK as a“ Stude nt Visitor ”. Coursecha nges are permitted before the start of the programme and within three

16、 days of the sessi on.Con tact hours and teach ing methodsfull-time and no rmally con sist of 48 hours overthe three-week period, tak ing the form of 36 hours of lectures and 12 hours of classes.Lectures, atte nded by all studeLSE Summer School courses are104nts, take place in either the morning or

17、afternoon suppleme nted by small on e-hour classes of approximately 15stude nts._Assessme nt_an d_exam in ati onsAssessme nt for LSE Summer School is based on the results of either two writte nexam in ati ons , or a final writte n exam in ati on and assessed work.Exam in ati ons are required and no

18、excepti oncan be made for any reas on .Successfulstude nts are awardeda certificate and tran script.If you have any questions,please click here to see our frequentlyasked questionsor con tact us.【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文對(duì) LSE 暑期學(xué)校的課程、費(fèi)用、申請(qǐng)要求等方面進(jìn)行了介紹，以吸引 更多的學(xué)生前來學(xué)習(xí)。1. You will probably find the passage_.A . in a maga

19、zineB. in a newspaperC . in a textbookD. on a website解析：選 D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一段“ If you have any questions , please click here to see our frequently asked questi ons or contact us.”可知，此文可以在網(wǎng)站上看到，即 D 項(xiàng)正確。2. According to the text, Ja ck, a full-time student in London, will atleast pay_for his on e-sessi o

20、n programme in LSE Summer School.A. 1,775B. 1,825C. 2,500D. 2,550解析：選 B。數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)表格可知：一個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)費(fèi)至少為1 775 英鎊，又根據(jù)下文的 “ In addition , a 50 application fee must be paid when submitting your即 plication.”可知，杰克至少要花費(fèi)1 825 英鎊，即 B 項(xiàng)正確。53. From the text we lear n that_.A. students may have lectures at night at tim

21、esB. the two programmes are only designed for foreign studentsC. students who have passed the required exam inations will get a certificateD. a visa and flue nt spoke n En glish are required to study in LSE Summer School解析：選 C。纟田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Assessment_and_examinations 下的“ Examinations are required and n

22、oexcepti on can be made for any reas on .Successful stude nts are awarded a certificate an d tran script. ”可知，通過考試的學(xué)生可以拿到證書，即C 項(xiàng)正確。4. For what purpose is the text writte n?A. Attracti ng stude nts to atte nd the programmes in LSE Summer School.B . Introducing some famous teachers and courses in LSE

23、Summer School.C . Getting students to know more about the programmes in the UK.D . Offering some cheaper courses for students from the UK.解析：選 A。寫作意圖題。綜合全文可知，本文旨在吸引學(xué)生參加LSE 暑期學(xué)校的項(xiàng)目即 A 項(xiàng)正確。CIt is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gumand it willrema in in your b

24、ody for seve n years before it is digested. An evenworse tale is that swallowed gum can wrap itself around your heart.But what does happe n if you should accide ntally eat a stick of gum? Chew ing gum isof gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring.The gum base is prettyin digestible it is a mixtu

25、reabsorb.dow n other foods.However, yourdigestive system has ano therMost of the time,your stomach reallycannotbreak down thegum the way itwould breakmade outof differentingredients（成分）that our body cantway to deal with things106you swallow.After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to full

26、y digest.They keep movi ng alonguntilthey make it all the way through the gut （腸子）andcome out at the other end one ortwo days later.7The saliva （唾液）in our mouths will make an attempt at digestingchewing gum as sooncan cause a blockage withi n the digestive system, most ofte n in childre n, whohave a

27、 thinner digestivetube tha n adults but this is extremely rare.文章大意：本文為一篇科普類說明文。誤食口香糖是不是像大人嚇小孩子那樣可怕呢？本文對(duì) 此進(jìn)行了分析。1._Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gummainly because_.A. they believe the tall tales about chewing gumB. chewing gum will stay in their body for yearsC. their heart

28、will be wrapped by chewing gumD. chew ing gum is in digestible for childre n答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句It is a tall tale that terrifies most you ng children. ”以及對(duì)第二、三句話的理解可知，答案 A 符合文義。B C 兩項(xiàng)只是分別說明了 tall tale 的內(nèi)容，故排除。2. What happens to the food that cant be fully broken down?A. It rema ins in our digestive

29、 system forever.B. It will be eventually moved out of our body.C. It will fight against the power of the gut.D. It will stick to the gut for one or two days.答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后兩句After all, we eat lots of thi ngs thatwe are un able to fully digest. They keep movin g. come out at the other end one or

30、 two days later. ”可知，答案 B 符合文義。3. The word It 血 the 4th paragraph） refers to _ .A. The attemptB. The salviaC. The shellD. The gum base答案：B 指代判斷題。根據(jù)對(duì)文章第四段前兩句的理解可知，此處的 It 是指第四段第一句中的 The saliva（唾液），故答案 B 符合文義。4. What would be the best title for text?A. How does our digestive system work?as weput it in

31、our mouths. It might get through the shellbut many of gums basein gredie nts are in digestible. Its the n dow n to our stomach muscleswhichcon tract and relax, much like theway an earthworm movesto slowly force thethings that we swallow through our systems.Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowin

32、gmany small piecesof gum in a short time108B. Can chewing gum be swallowed by kids?9C Does swallowing chewing gum matter?D Why swallowing chewing gum frightens kids?答案： C 標(biāo)題概括題。文章第一段由一個(gè)使小孩子害怕的說法導(dǎo)入話題，下文是對(duì)口香糖進(jìn)入肚子后會(huì)怎樣的一個(gè)科學(xué)解釋，由此可推知，選項(xiàng)C “誤食口香糖要緊嗎”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。D（2016 西寧三校聯(lián)考）India is a country with 1.2 billio

33、n people ， of which 30% still live in poverty ， and 56% of theworkforce is engaged in agriculture even though it contributes only 18% of GDP.Reforming India seconomy will therefore require more than just the relaxation of business regulations; it will require amassive reallocation of labor and the r

34、etraining of farm workers for other professions through bettereducation and vocational training.In addition ， only 29%of womenin India are in the workforce eventhough they make up 50% of the population ， which represents the severe underuse of a valuableresource ， and a barrier to progress.The gover

35、nment with Modi as the Premier will have to create a basic construction to correct theproblem of these inefficiencies.It is also important to note that the reorganizatio n of India s labor forcewill take years， if not decades ， to produceresults for the economy.All this can push returns down for inv

36、estors in the short and medium term.Another major challenge for India s free market experiment will be the foundation of BJP （ 人民黨 ） ， which has its roots in religion.Free market economics can t workproperly without a truly free society， and the conservative social and politicalphilosophies （ 思想體系 ）

37、 of Modi s party could prevent that from happening.The rural base of the BJP also creates another risk for the agenda of the government.While India spoor people will certainly benefit from economic reform ，they are also the easiest to be exploited by some corporations and may require1010state-sponso

38、red welfare for existence.This creates an obgovernment and a real free market in India.To lift the countryeconomically ， capitalist principles must be accepted completely ，but without state control ， India s poorand middle class may be left behind.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了印度的政治環(huán)境以及目前所面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革問題。1To change India

39、s economy more effectively ， _ .A business regulations should be restrictedB farm workers deserve retraining and reallocatingC more people should be engaged in agricultureD women make up 50% of the workforce解析：選 B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的it will require a massive reallocation of labor and theretraining of far

40、m workers”可知，需要重新分配勞動(dòng)力和重新培訓(xùn)農(nóng)民工，即 B 項(xiàng)正確。2 Free market economics can function well with _.A traditional social structuresB a society full of libertyC conservative political philosophiesD the basic policy of BJP解析：選 B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的Free market economics can t work properly withouta truly free society”可

41、知，自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)需要一個(gè)真正自由的社會(huì)，即 B 項(xiàng)正確。3 Under the control of the government ， _ will benefit from the economicreform.A both commerce and industryBboth state factories and local firmsvious contradiction for the11C both middle class people and poor peopleD both urban and rural areas解析：選 C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的W

42、hile India s poor people will certainly benefit fromeconomic reform ”和“ but without state control ，India s poor and middle class may be left behind ”可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)改革將使中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的人和窮人都受益， 即 C 項(xiàng)正確。4The tone of the author towards India s economic reform is _.A favorableB disapprovingC optimisticD doubtful解析：選 D。推理判斷題

43、。根據(jù)文章的第三段和第四段的The rural base of the BJP also createsanother risk for the agenda of the government.”可知，印度的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革挑戰(zhàn)巨大、困難重重，作者對(duì)其持懷疑態(tài)度，即D 項(xiàng)正確。EChina s admiration of outstanding scholars has turned the well-preservedchildhood homeof Tu Youyou,the Chinese pharmacologist（ 藥理學(xué)家 ）who won the 2015 year s NobelP

44、rize in Physiology（ 生理學(xué) ）,into a popular tourist destination.Since it was announced that Tu had become the first Chinese citizen to win this internationalprize,her former home in the old town of Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,has attracted visitors,especiallyparents and their children even though it is no

45、t open to the public.The house,where Tu lived until she went to university in Beijing,covers an areaof 2,200 square meters and is priced at 150 million yuan（$23.6 million）.It is partof a complex of 37 traditional buildings,including several city-and-district-levelcultural relic preservation sites,th

46、at have been transformed into a high-end art,and commercial zone.“ There are continually parents taking their children,from infants in strollersto college students,to take photos in front of Tu s former home.Security guards have been ordered to goon patrol around the clock, ”said Mr Zhao,a salespers

47、on from Ningbo1012Real Estate In c.Co.Shan ghai reside nt Xu Lin gfei,whowas on a trip to Nin gbo,took her 9-year-old sonto walk around the complex. “ Chin ese people believe in exams and awards and have a strong preferenee for high performers.Taki ng childre n to visit the former dwelli ng places o

48、f celebrities（ 名人）is a wayto in spire them to study harder,” Xu sa id.Something similar happened after Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in literature in2012.Tourists started visiting Mo s former home in rural Gaomi,Shandong Provinee in an endless streamstarting the day after he won the prize.Some even pulled the radishes planted in front of the house,andcarried away so