中考語(yǔ)法名詞

1、精品文檔名詞一 .名詞的分類個(gè)體名詞集體名詞 : 是一些人或物的總稱，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可用復(fù)形謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞普通名詞物質(zhì)名詞 :是無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物名詞抽象名詞 : 是動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)等抽象概念的名稱。專有名詞 : 是個(gè)別人、地以及專門機(jī)構(gòu)或團(tuán)體的名稱。:可數(shù)名詞名詞不可數(shù)名詞 名詞檢測(cè)1 ：寫出下列詞的復(fù)數(shù)house_brush_city_match_Englishman _ box_baby_actory_woman_ roof_ German_man doctor_glass_Swiss_hero_Japanese _belief_family_deer_tomato_piano _ apple tr

2、ee _ child_Frenchman_sheep_ tooth_ book shop _mouse_bus_wife_proof_potato_The singer and writer _ (come) from China.【可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則】A、一般情況下，在單數(shù)名詞的后面加-s 。如： game-games， boy-boys.B、以 s、 x、sh、 ch 結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，在詞尾加-es 。如： box-boxes ， bus-buses ， peach-peaches ， dish-dishes。C、以 o 結(jié)尾，表示有生命的事物的單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)加-es ；表示沒有

3、生命的事物的單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)加-s 。如： potato-potatoes， tomato-tomatoes，photo-photos， piano-pianos等。可以巧記為：1歡迎。下載精品文檔Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes.黑人和英雄喜歡吃馬鈴薯和西紅柿。D、以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，將y 改成 i 后再加 -es 。如： factory-factories， story-stories，family-families。E、 以“一f 或 -fe ”結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，變“一f 或一 fe ”為 V，再

4、加 -es 的，初中英語(yǔ)中主要有下列單詞：leaf樹葉， half- 半， self自己， wife妻子， knife刀子， shelf架子， wolf狼，thief小偷， life生命?？梢郧捎洖椋簶淙~半數(shù)自己黃，妻子操刀去割糧；架后竄出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。以“ _f 或 -fe ”結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，只加一 s 的，初中英語(yǔ)中主要有如下單詞：gulf海灣，roof屋頂， chief首領(lǐng)， serf奴仆， belief信仰， proof證據(jù)。可以巧記為：海灣邊、屋頂上，首領(lǐng)奴仆兩相望；誰(shuí)說(shuō)他們無(wú)信仰，證據(jù)又是誰(shuí)人詳。【不規(guī)則變化】1.man menwoman-womenPolicema

5、n-policemen fireman-firemenSpaceman-spacemenEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen2. .Foot-feetTooth-teethGoose-geeseChild-childrenmouse- mice3. 國(guó)籍Chinese-ChineseJapanese-JapaneseSwiss-SwissEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-FrenchmenGerman-GermansRussian-RussiansAmerican-AmericansAustralian-Australia

6、nsIndian-IndiansCanadian-Canadians巧記口訣：中日（加瑞士）不變，英法變，其余s 加后面4. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形：sheep-sheepdeer-deerpeople-people Fish (三種情況）5. 除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters6. 有些名詞雖以 -s 結(jié)尾，但表達(dá)的是單數(shù)意義。如 : news, maths, politics, physics, the United States 等 .（ 1） maths， politics ， physic

7、s 等學(xué)科名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。（ 2） news 是不可數(shù)名詞。（ 3） the United States， the United Nations應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。2歡迎。下載精品文檔7. 單復(fù)數(shù)意思變化的Work_works_Water_waters_time_times_good_goods_glass_glasses_sand_sands_wood_woods_8. 做可數(shù)與不可數(shù)時(shí)，意義不同的詞有：room可數(shù)：房間不可數(shù)：空間orange可數(shù)：橘子不可數(shù)：橙汁9. 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses (眼鏡 ) trousers, clothes , shoes, sci

8、ssors若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞pair(對(duì)，雙 ); suit(套 ); a pair of glasses; two pairs oftrousers10. 名詞 +名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 由“名詞 +名詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，把復(fù)數(shù)詞尾放在一個(gè)名詞上an apple tree-apple treesa match box-match boxes man 和 woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，兩個(gè)名詞都要變a man doctor-men doctorsa woman drive-women drivers11.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1.一般將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)Mother- in- la

9、w- mothers- in- law岳母passer- by- passers- by過(guò)路人Editor- in- chief- editors- in- chief主編2. 無(wú)主體名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞 , 在詞尾加 -sGo- between- go- betweens中間人 , 媒人grown- up- grown- ups成年人3.將兩個(gè)組成部分皆變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，這種復(fù)合名詞第一個(gè)名詞必須是man或 woman,如： man doctor men doctors 男醫(yī)生woman teacher women teachers4.名詞做定語(yǔ)以單數(shù)形式存在（man, woman 例外）如： a st

10、one bridge, a meeting room.但是： a man doctor, two men doctors【不可數(shù)名詞】1、可數(shù)名詞才有單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)的區(qū)別；不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式；2、不可數(shù)名詞的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式；3、有些名詞即可做可數(shù)名詞，也可做不可數(shù)名詞；但是意思不同：room可數(shù)：房間不可數(shù)：空間orange可數(shù)：橘子不可數(shù)：橙汁4、不可數(shù)名詞的修飾詞：3歡迎。下載精品文檔可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語(yǔ):a lot of， lots of, some, a little, little, much翻譯：一張報(bào)紙 _兩條新聞 _三碗飯 _四瓶水 _五杯橘子汁 _六片面包 _

11、注意事項(xiàng)： people 作 “人們 ”講時(shí)，看作復(fù)數(shù)，不能在其后加 “-s ”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式； family ，class 是集體名詞，既指單數(shù)，又指復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)亦可用復(fù)數(shù)，具體根據(jù)語(yǔ)境而定。常見的集體名詞：people,police,cattle,youth,public,staff,crew, crowd,f,team, class,group, couple, army有些名詞以 -s 結(jié)尾，但表達(dá)的是單數(shù)意義，例如： news； maths, politics, physics（學(xué)科名詞）, the United States等。 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成( 成雙成對(duì)形式出現(xiàn)

12、的名詞) 的東西，如： glasses (眼鏡 ) trousers, clothes，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但是若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞pair(對(duì)，雙 ); suit(套 );a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers這時(shí)要根據(jù)量詞來(lái)判斷 “the+ 姓氏復(fù)數(shù) ”表示 “一家人或夫婦二人”，例如： the Greens 格林一家格林夫婦，the Blacks 布萊克一家布萊克夫婦，the Smiths 史密斯一家史密斯夫婦。 年份前面加the ，后面加一s，表示年代例如： the 1980s20世紀(jì) 80 年代。 名詞檢測(cè) 2湯姆的車 _麗麗和露西各自的書包

13、_麗麗和露西的爸爸_父親節(jié) _兒童節(jié) _教師節(jié) _婦女節(jié) _中國(guó)地圖 _門的鑰匙 _兩分鐘的路程 _我爸爸的一個(gè)朋友_【名詞所有格】1. 表示人或物所屬關(guān)系時(shí) , 我們就需要使用名詞所有格。如： “奶奶的房子 ”表示為 “grandma's house ”。2. 名詞所有格的構(gòu)成有以下規(guī)則：A、一般情況下，在名詞的末尾加“'s ”構(gòu)成。如： Mike's bike邁克的自行車,Tom's books湯姆的書 .4歡迎。下載精品文檔B、以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，只在其末尾加“”如： my parents' car我父母的車 ,our teachers

14、' books我們老師的書。C、表示幾個(gè)人共同擁有的東西時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名字上加所有格。如： Jenny and Joan's bedroom詹妮和瓊共同擁有的臥室;但如果是分別擁有的東西就要在每個(gè)名字上加所有格.如 : Tim's and Jack's toy cars提姆和杰的玩具車。D、沒有生命的東西的所有格，我們通常用“of+ 名詞 ”的方式來(lái)表示。如： The window of the classroom教室的窗戶 ;the capital of China中國(guó)的首都 ;The weather of ShangHai上海的天氣 .注意：門的鑰匙the

15、 key to the door;問(wèn)題的答案the answer to the questionE .表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市的無(wú)生命名詞，可以在詞尾加“s”或 “ ”表示所有格如： today s papers今天的報(bào)紙 ,ten minuteswalk十分鐘的路程注意： 數(shù)詞 +分號(hào) +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)也可以做 前置定語(yǔ)十分鐘的路程a ten- minute walk三條腿的桌子a three- leg table十歲的男孩a ten- year- old boy100米賽跑a 100-meter raceF.表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，常在名詞所有格之后省去shop, house, home。A

16、t the tailors 在裁縫店at a chemists 在藥店G. 被修飾名詞前有不定冠詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞等限定詞時(shí)，一般只能用雙重所有格。 雙重所有格結(jié)構(gòu)前的被修飾名詞通常指整體中的部分或一個(gè)，雙重所有格只能用于有生命的名詞，這個(gè)名詞是確定的。如： an old friend of my uncles我叔叔的一個(gè)老朋友a(bǔ) daughter of Mrs Greens格林先生的一個(gè)女兒a friend of mine我的一個(gè)朋友練習(xí)鞏固1. A new study proves a _ walk every day is enough to keep away fr

17、om becoming fatA. 30- minuteB. 30 minutesC. 30- minutes2. Is there any _ on the table?A. noodlesB. sugarC. dumplingsD. Oranges3. You are not a rich man or a famous person. But in my heart, you are one of the greatest_ in the worldA. businessmenB. manC. menD. person4. Canadians speak _ and _A. Italia

18、n, JapaneseB. English, ChineseC. German, RussianD. French,English5. Where do you come from? I come from _. I am an _A.Japan,JapaneseB.America,AmericanC.England,EnglishD.Australian,Australian6. How many _ are there in your factory?A. GermanB. JapaneseC. AustralianD. Englishmans5歡迎。下載精品文檔7. There are

19、three _ in my familyA. peopleB. personC. peoplesD. child8. Whats in the _? There are some _ and _ in themA. photos, potatos, radiosB. photos, potatoes, radiosC. photoes, potatos, radiosD. Photos, potatoes, radioes9. Three _ and two _ are going to visit our school next Monday.A. Japanese, AmericanB.

20、Japaneses, AmericanC. Japaneses, AmericansD. Japaneses, Americans10. Good news! We will have a _ holiday. I ve heard of it. But its coming in _A. three days; three daystimeB. three days;three daysC. three- day; three daysD. three days; three- day time11. Please keep quiet! If you make a lot of _, th

21、e others canthear me clearly.A. musicB. voiceC. soundD. noise12. How far is your cousins home from here? It s about two _ driveA. hoursB. hoursC. hoursD. hour13. We don thave enough nurses to look after the patients. At least _ are neededA.ten anothernursesB.more ten nursesC.otherten nursesD.another

22、ten nurses14. Whats in the cupboard? A few _, but little _A. apples; coffeeB. coffee; applesC. apple; coffeesD. coffees;apple15. It is five years since we began to enjoy a _ spring holiday each year.A. ten- dayB. ten dayC. ten daysD. ten-days16. Last Saturday, I met _ in the supermarket.A. a friend

23、of myB. a friend of mineC. one of my friendD. one friend ofme17. William could not offer MP4 because he had _ money with him.A. a fewB. muchC. littleD. few18. Good morning, madam. Can I help you? Sure, I d like _ for cooking vegetables.A. two cups of coffeeB. three pieces of breadC. one bowl of dump

24、lingsD. five kilos of oil19. After ten years, all these kids became _A. growns- upsB. grows- upC. grown- upD. grown- ups20. Five kilometers _ a long way for the childrenA. isB. areC. haveD. has21. My mother with my two brothers _ gone to Beijing. They will be back next weekA. isB. areC. hasD. have22

25、. _ mothers could not go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu.A. Li Lei and LucysB. Li leis and Lucy s C. Li Lei and LucyD. Li Leis and Lucy6歡迎。下載精品文檔23.Where are the _ bags?A. childrensB. childrensC. children ofD. of children24.I want to find a shop which sells _onlyA. men s shoesB. me

26、n shoesC. mans shoesD. the shoes of men25.I love the two _ behind our house.A. apple treeB. apple treesC. apples treesD. apples tree26.There are two _ in the city.A.car s factoryB.car s factoriesC.factoriesof car sD.car factories27.I have two _ in my pencil- boxA. knifeB. knifesC. knivesD. a knife28

27、.How many _ are there in your factory?A. GermanB. JapaneseC. AustralianD. Englishmans29. Whats in the _? There are some _ and _ in themA. photos, potatos, radiosB. photos, potatoes, radiosC. photoes, potatos, radiosD. Photos, potatoes, radioes30. A large number of _ cut downA. trees; isB. wood; isC.

28、 wood; areD. trees; areReading comprehensionAMr. King worked in a factory. He liked playing soccer and spent much time on it, so hewas sometimes late for work.His boss was so angry that he firedMr. King. Mr. King couldntfind another job. Finally he got into trouble and lived a difficult life.One of

29、his friends felt sorry for him and introduced him to a headmaster, whose schoolwas just in need of swimming coaches. Mr. King began to teach the school children to swim.He wasnta good coach. Two months later, the children learned nothing. Few of them couldswim.It was a hot Saturday. The children wou

30、ldntstay in the classroom and wanted to swim inthe river. Mr. King failed to stop them. Before they started, he drew a red line below theknee of each child. He said to them,“Come out of the river at once if the water reachesthe line.”26. Why did the boss fire Mr. King?A. Because Mr. King didnt like

31、his job.B. Because Mr. King was ill.C. Because Mr. King talked too much.D. Because Mr. King was sometimes late for work.27. Mr. King couldntfind another job and his life was _.A. happyB. hardC. relaxingD. free28. Who helped Mr. King find a job in a school?A. The boss of the factoryB. His friendC. Th

32、e school childrenD. Nobody7歡迎。下載精品文檔29. Two months later, the children learned nothing because _.A. Mr. King taught them to play soccerB. they didntlike swimming at allC. they were afraid of waterD. Mr. King was a poor coach30. Mr. King _, so he drew a red line below the knee of each child.A. didntw

33、ant the children to swimB. wanted to make the children look funnyC. wanted to make the children happyD. wanted to help the children swim betterB2011 is special year for all the people in Shenzhen. The 26th World Universidad willbe held in the city from August 12th to 23rd. As we all know,“Start Here

34、”is the sloganof this great event. Does anyone know that a new life of two giant pandas will start hereas well? Shenzhen is expecting the pair of pandas for the Summer Universidad. The pandas, a male and a female from Wolong Panda Research Center in Sichuan Province, will be“Universidad Pandas”, jus

35、t like“Asian Games Pandas ”and “Olympic Pandas ”. Shenzhen SafariPark willrebuilditspanda house to welcome the pandas.The panda house has been empty sinceanother panda, Yongba, 25, was returned to Sichuan in 2009 because it was too old. How old are the Universiade Pandas? What are their names? What

36、are they like? What are their living habits? We will find out the answers in June when they arrive.31. The 26th World Universidad will begin on _.A. August 12thB. August 23rdC. September 12thD. September 23rd32. The pair of pandas comes from _.A. ShenzhenB. SichuanC. GuangzhouD. Beijing33. Yongba is

37、 a(n) _.A. Universidad pandaB. Asian Games PandaC. Olympic pandaD. panda that used to live in Shenzhen Safari Park34. From the passage we can know the _of the Universidad Pandas.A. arrival timeB. agesC. namesD. living habits35. The passage tells us that _.A. the slogan of the 26th World Universidad

38、is“Just Do It”B. there will be two male pandas coming to ShenzhenC. Yongba left Shenzhen in 2009D. Wolong Panda Research Center will build a panda house for the Universiade PandasCFish and apple soup? Yes, and you won tbelieve how delicious it is. This first came out of a restaurant in Singapore, bu

39、t it is now very popular as the soup du jour in Chinese8歡迎。下載精品文檔restaurants.Ingredients (serves 4):1 whole fish2 apples, quartered4-6 ginger slices (姜片 )1 bunch of spring onions, cut into pieces1red tomato, cut into 8 piecesOil, salt and pepperMethods:1. Remove the bones from the fish2. Pour oil in

40、to a pan. Fry the ginger slices and the spring onions. Add the fish bones and fry.3. Add enough water and boil it for about 15 to 20 minutes.4. Add the apples, the fish and the tomato. When the apples go soft, add salt and pepper.36.This passage is probably _.A. a poemB. a piece of news C. a story D

41、. a recipe37.The name of the soup in Chinese restaurants is _.A.du joursoup B. tomato soup C. onion soup D. ginger soup38. The underlined word "quartered" means _. A 榨汁 B. 切成四份 C. 洗凈 D. 剁碎39. If you want to cook the soup for 8 people, you will need _ red tomato(es).A.1B.2C.3D.440. In what

42、order should you add the ingredients while cooking the soup?A. apples, fish and tomato ginger slices and spring onions oil fish bonesB. oil fish bones ginger slices and spring onions apples, fish and tomatoC. oil ginger slices and spring onions fish bones apples, fish and tomatoD. ginger slices and

43、spring onions fish bones apples, fish and tomato oilDFriday January 28.2011China's world number seven Li Na became the first Chinesetennis player to reach a Grand Slam final at this year'sAustralian Open. "It was the first match easy or tough?Nothing between." said Li, who has defe

44、ated ZahlavpvaStrycova on her way to the Australian Open final.Tuesday March 520119歡迎。下載精品文檔Besides China, more than 70 countries have offered Japanhelpaftertheearthquake.Two US searchand rescueteams,with 144 stuff and 12 dogs, have begun work; The southernAfghan city of Kandahar announced it would

45、donate (捐贈(zèng) )$50.000 to die "brothers and sisters" of JapanThursday May 19,2011Canada pop star Justin. Bieber got a hugely disappointinggreeting when he arrived in Hong Kon8 on Wednesday. Justseven fans showed up at the city'sairportto greetBieber.Bieber's concert one of the last sh

46、ows in his "My World" tour is on Friday in Hong Kong, Monday May 30. 2011A serious drought aloft the Yang River has affected over34 million people, leaving farmers and livestocks (牲畜 )without water. Over 4.23 million people are havingdifficultyfindingenough drinkingwater,|whilemore than5 m

47、illion need help to tight against the drought.41. Li Na _.A. is one of the top table tennis players in the worldB. is the first player to reach a Grand Slam finalC. didntsay anything about the matchD. beat Zahlavaya Strycova on her way to the Australian Open final42. Two search and rescue teams from

48、 _have begun work in Japan.A. AustraliaB. the USC. the UKD. Afghanistan43. Justin Bibber might feel _when he arrived at Hong Kong airport.A. disappointedB. happyC. excitedD. bored44. When a drought happens, people are short of _. A. money B. oil C. food D. water45. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news? A. An Afghan city of Kandahar will donate $50,000 to Japan.B. More than 4.23 million people find it difficult to get enough drinking water.C. All the Chinese were proud of Li Na after she won the match.D. The co