2012高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練學案（22）

1、 2012高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練學案（22） Passage Twenty-three (Women and Fashions)Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short;

2、their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the year, the g

3、reat majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so- called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredi

4、ctable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, t

5、hey have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores. Clothes, which have been worn, only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashi

6、on. When you come to think of it, only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace

7、clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashi

8、on industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, providi

9、ng they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.2 / 18When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to

10、 be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of womens clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and relia

11、bility? That is for you to decide.1.      The main idea of this passage is A. New fashions in clothes reflect the qualities of women. New fashions in clothing are created solely for commercial exploitation of women.C. The top designers seem to have the right to creating new fashion.D.

12、 Men have the basic quality of reliability.2.      Why do the general appearance of actresses look ludicrous?A. Because they want their appearance in the fashion. Because the top designers want them to follow the fashion.C. Because the top designers want them to make fashion.D. Becaus

13、e the top designers want them to lead the fashion.3.      Why are women mercilessly exploited by the fashion designers?A. They love new fashion.           . They love new clothes.C. They want to look beautiful.       D. They are too va

14、in.4.      What are fashion designers interested in?A. Outward appearance.             . Comfort.C. Beauty.                        D. Durability.Vocabulary1.    

15、;  dated                            過時的2.      decree                           法令，命令3.    

16、60;dictatorial                        專制的，惟我獨尊的4.      arbitrary                         任意的，專橫的5.      take except

17、ion (at)                 生氣，發(fā)怒6.      take exception to (against)           對提出異議7.      dictates (pl)                     &#

18、160;意旨，命令，指令8.      squander                         浪費9.      hem                             褶邊，折縫

19、，鑲邊10.      flimsy                           薄的，沒有價值的11.      dainty                           雅致的，講

20、究的12.      fickle                           易變的，輕浮的13.      bully                            欺負

21、14.      lay down the law           （制定法律）這里指服裝設(shè)計師發(fā)號施令或定出條條框框難句譯注1.  lay down the law           制定法律。這里指：發(fā)號施令或定出條條框框。2.  Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.&

22、#160;  參考譯文 第二年，條例又反過來，人們遠沒有生氣，甚至連稍稍的驚訝都沒有。寫作方法和文章大意文章論述“婦女時裝更新”問題，采用因果，對比手法。先從男女演員服裝的差異，談到服裝設(shè)計師年年變更樣式，風格。婦女不顧一切的追隨，甘愿被剝削的根源。而男人卻能淡然處之。答案祥解1.      B. 創(chuàng)制新時裝就是對婦女的商業(yè)性剝削。答案遍及全文。也有幾段突出描述。如：第二段第四句“每年，巴黎，倫敦的一些所謂高級設(shè)計師定出條條框框，全世界婦女競相服從。設(shè)計師的條令難以預測，說一不二?！钡谌巍耙f婦女年年被無情的剝削之事，只能怪她們自己。由于她們一想起在公

23、共場所穿著過失的衣服就會發(fā)抖，所以他們每年都被設(shè)計師和大商店訛詐（勒索）”第四段：“許多婦女（每年）浪費大筆錢財來置換她們從未穿過的服裝，時裝變化就是故意創(chuàng)造浪費。”A. 時裝反映婦女的秉性。這是在最后一段結(jié)論中提及，不是中心思想。   D. 男人具有可靠性的基本素質(zhì)。不對。    C. 高級設(shè)計師似乎有權(quán)創(chuàng)造新款式。這是作者在批評設(shè)計者。2.      D. 因為高級設(shè)計師請她們領(lǐng)導時裝潮流。只是常識，設(shè)計師新穎服裝的推出，首先是讓演員試裝等于時裝模特的效用，掀起可以領(lǐng)導時裝的新潮流。A. 他們要打扮入時，這只是演員的一方面。 &#

24、160;    B. 隨大流。     C. 作作樣子。 都是不對的。3.      D. 他們太好虛榮。 這在文章的好幾段內(nèi)都提到。如第一題中的第二段，三段，四段的參考譯文。如第三段后半部分“只穿了幾次的衣服就因為時尚的命令而棄之一邊。當你想到只有婦女能站在堆滿衣服的衣柜前，悲哀的訴說她沒有衣服穿?！钡谒亩蔚暮蟀攵巍盎ú黄鸫蠊P錢財買衣服的婦女會花上好幾個小時把他們已有的衣服換來換去”。第五段后半部分“男人一生中經(jīng)常可以看到大冬天婦女顫抖在薄薄的衣衫中，或者穿著精致的鞋在雪地上選路走，這都令他們發(fā)笑”。最后一段結(jié)論，畫龍點睛

25、的以問點明“經(jīng)常不斷的換時裝。人們不禁要問，這是不是反映了婦女輕浮和易變的基本素質(zhì)（秉性）？”A. 她們愛新時尚；   B. 她們愛新衣服；   C. 她們想瞧著美。這三項只是虛榮的部分組成。4.      A. 外觀。答案在第五段“沒有人認為時裝工業(yè)為社會作過真正的貢獻。時裝設(shè)計師很少關(guān)心保暖，舒服和耐穿這類緊要的事，他們只是對外觀感性趣，他們利用了婦女的心理：只要看著美，她們能忍受一切（痛苦）不舒服。”B. 舒適。   C. 美，時裝不一定美。       D.  耐穿。Passa

26、ge Twenty-four (A Smuggling Syndicate)   The smuggler in many ways is just another international businessman and his turnover would do credit to many international corporations. His business happens to be illegal and risky, but look at the stakes involved: $5 billion worth of heroin smuggl

27、ed into the United States each year, and $1.5 billion in gold passing annually along smuggling pipelines to India and Indonesia, to France and Morocco, to Brazil and Turkey. Perhaps half of all the watches made in Switzerland reach their eventual wearers by some back door. Most of this illicit trade

28、 is carried on with all the efficiency of any multinational company. Entirely legitimate businesses, such as a travel bureau or an import-export agency, are also often fronts for smuggling organizations. One of the worlds largest gold smugglers also owned and operated the franchise for a leading mak

29、e of British cars in a small Middle Eastern country. He made a good profit from both activities.   A smuggling syndicate operates much like any other business. The boss is really a chief executive. He makes all the plans, establishes international contacts, and thinks up the smuggling rout

30、es and method but remains aloof from actual operations. He is aided by a handful of managers looking after such specialties as financing, travel (one reason why many smuggling syndicates find it handy to have their own travel agency), the bribing of airline or customs officials, and recruitment of c

31、ouriers, or mules as they are called. There may also be someone in charge of local arrangements in the countries to which the smuggled goods is going.   Another similarity between legitimate business and its illegal counterpart is price fluctuation. Just as the prices of products traded le

32、gally vary with quality and market conditions such as supply and demand, so do the prices of goods go up and down in the smuggling trade. Consider the price of drugs. Heroin and cannabis, in whatever form or by whatever name, cone in several grades, each with a going price. The wholesale price at wh

33、ich big dealers sell to big dealers is less than the street price. When the authorities are successful in reducing the supply buy seizures, the price of all grades rises.1.      The main idea for this passage is A. The Comparison between Legitimate Business and Its Illegal Counterpart

34、. The similarities between Legitimate Business and Smuggling.C. Smugglers May Make Great Profit from Both Activities.D. The Boss in Smuggling Syndicate is a Chief Executive.2.      When is the price going down?A. The quality of the foods and market condition are not very well. The qua

35、lity of goods and market condition vary.C. Unbalance between supply and demand.D. The price of other goods fluctuates.3.      It can be inferred that a smugglerA. may make plan and establish international contacts. is a real boss.C. may make money in different ways .D. may sell other

36、goods.4.      One of the best ways smugglers usually take is A. to set up multinational companies. to engage in illegal businesses only.C. to make legitimate businesses as fronts for smuggling organizations.   D. to make good profits from both activities.Vocabulary1.  

37、   turnover                      營業(yè)額2.      do credit to                    增光于某人/某物3.      stake        

38、                 下在投機生意上的股本，賭注4.      smuggling pipeline             走私線路5.      speciality                    

39、; 專業(yè)部門，公司6.      recruit                        招募，添補（新兵）難句譯注1.      The smuggler in many ways is just another international businessman and his turnover would do credit to many international cor

40、porations.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析 并列句參考譯文 走私者在許多方面就像一個國際商人，而他的營業(yè)額確為許多國際公司增光。寫作方法與文章大意這是一篇介紹走私集團的文章，采用對比寫法正常（合法）的商業(yè)和走私（非法）集團的對比。第一段第一句就點明宗旨：走私者在許多方面就像一個國際商人，而他的營業(yè)額確為許多國際公司增光。不僅如此，有的也經(jīng)營合法商業(yè)，如旅游，進出口公司等，這些往往是非法走私組織的前哨陣地。第二段介紹了走私辛迪加的經(jīng)營情況非常類似其他商業(yè)。老板就是真正的（執(zhí)行）董事長。他制定計劃，簽定國際合同，確定走私路線和方法但不參與具體執(zhí)行行動。有一批經(jīng)理助他管理各個專業(yè)部門，如財政，旅行，賄賂海關(guān)或航空

41、公司官員等，還有當?shù)亟討?yīng)走私貨品的負責人。第三段敘述了合法和非法貿(mào)易另一個相似點價格波動，價格隨市場供需和商品質(zhì)量而有所差異。答案祥解1.      B. 合法商業(yè)和走私的相似性。是這篇文章的中心思想。它是通過對比方法說明這種相似性。并不是兩者對比得出結(jié)論。所以A. 合法商業(yè)和非法商業(yè)比較。不對。     C. 走私者可以從兩種活動中謀取利潤  和  D. 走私集團中的老板是董事長，只是對比中提到個別具體事實。不是中心思想。2.      A. 貨物質(zhì)量和市場情況不好。第三段第二句“正如合法商業(yè)

42、按質(zhì)論價和按市場供需價一樣，走私商品也是按這兩者調(diào)節(jié)價格的上升和下降。”所以當質(zhì)量和市場情況不好價格就跌。B. 貨物質(zhì)量和市場變化。這并不一定跌價，也可能上升。      C. 供需不平衡。并沒有說明供大于求，和跌價無關(guān)。      D. 其它商品價波動。這不一定下跌。所以B,C,D都不對。3.      D. 可能會賣其他貨品。題目是推斷，（infer）。從第一段最后一句“世界上最大走私黃金商之買賣，可推斷出走私商照樣可以經(jīng)營其他商品。至于A. 制定計劃，簽定合同。     

43、;  B. 走私商是真正的老板。         C. 以不同的方式賺錢，都是文章中直抒，不是推斷出來的結(jié)論。4.      C. 以合法商業(yè)掩護他們走私是走私商經(jīng)常采用，也是最佳的方法之一。A. 多國公司。   B. 只從事非法商貿(mào)，這并不是最佳方法。   D. 從兩方面賺錢，并不是方法，而是有了掩護所后，多一份收入而已。Passage Twenty-five (Exploration of the Titanic)   After resting on the

44、ocean floor, split asunder and rusting, for nearly three-quarters of a century, a great ship seemed to cone alive again. The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1,500 passengers to their death, has been celebrated in

45、 print and on film, in poetry and song. But last week what had been legendary suddenly became real. As they viewed videotapes and photographs of the sunken leviathan, millions of people around the world could sense her mass, her eerie quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age.Watching on televisio

46、n, they vicariously joined the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. (J.J.) as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner, wandering across the decks past corroded bollards, peering into the officers quarters and through rust-curtained portholes. Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crew

47、members stood evoked images of the moonless night 74years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves.The two-minute videotape and nine photographs, all in color and shot 12,500ft.under the North Atlantic, were a tiny sample of 60 hours of video and 60,000 stills garnered during the twelve-day

48、 exploration. They are released at a Washington press conference conducted by Marine Geologist Robert Ballard, 44, who led the teams from the Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution that found the Titanic last September and revisited it this July.Recounting the highlights of what has already become the

49、most celebrated feat of underwater exploration, Ballard revealed some startling new information. His deep-diving craft failed to find the 300-ft. gash that, according to legend, was torn in the Titanics hull when the ship plowed into the iceberg. Instead, he suggested, the collision had buckled the

50、ships plates, allowing water to pour in. He also brought back evidence that the ship broke apart not when she hit bottom, as he had thought when viewing the first Titanic images last September, but as she sank: the stern, which settled on the bottom almost 1,800ft. from the bow, had swiveled 180 on

51、its way down.1.      What is the best title for this passage?A. New Information about the Sunken Ship. Exploration of the Titanic.C. To watch the Videotape.D. To explore the Titanic with High Tech.2.      How did the viewers feel when watching the videotape?A. They felt

52、 rather sad, and felt they themselves took part in the exploration. They felt keenly for it. C. They felt rather bad about it.D. They felt out of spirits.3.      When did the great ship sink?A. In 1912. She sank in its maiden voyage in 1912.C. She sank in its second voyage in 1912.D.

53、She sank in its first voyage in 1912.4.      What did Robert reveal at a press conference?A. He revealed some startling information. He said nothing.C. He complained the exploration was very hard.D. He revealed the success of their work.Vocabulary1.      split asunder &

54、#160;                       向不同方向裂開，散開2.      saga                               英雄傳說，冒險故事3.    

55、60;maiden voyage                       處女航4.      celebrate                            贊美，慶祝。這里指大肆宣傳5.      le

56、viathan                            巨型遠洋輪6.      eerie                               可怕的，怪異的7. &

57、#160;    splendor                            美妙的景象8.      vicariously                          產(chǎn)生共鳴的，代理的9

58、.      luxury liner                          豪華巨輪10.      bollard                             

59、系攬柱11.      porthole                             舷窗12.      railing                           &

60、#160;  欄桿13.      evoke                               喚起，引起，（招）魂14.      still                     &

61、#160;           靜物攝影照片15.      garner                               收集，積累16.      highlight          

62、0;                  最精彩場面，最重要部分17.      feat                                 功績18.      gash    

63、0;                           裂縫19.      hull                                 船體20.    

64、;  plow into= plough into                 撞上，干勁十足的投入21.      buckle                              使彎曲22.      stern  

65、;                              船尾23.      bow                                船頭24.  

66、   swivel                               旋轉(zhuǎn)難句譯注1.      The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1,500 passengers to their death, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析 被動語態(tài)，中插定語從句which struck 和分詞短語carrying more than 都是修飾 liner.參考譯文 白星級定期輪班泰坦尼克號于1912年的首航中因撞上冰山而沉沒，船上一千五百多名乘客全部罹難。此后關(guān)于它的種種傳說一直為各種刊物，電影，詩歌和歌曲廣泛宣傳。2.      Watching on t