最新初三英語語法知識點(diǎn)集錦(共9頁)

1、最新初三英語語法知識點(diǎn)集錦初三英語語法知識點(diǎn)集錦一一、定義過去將來時(shí)常用于賓語從句或間接引語中。過去將來時(shí)常用“would + 動(dòng)詞原形”或“was / were going to +動(dòng)詞原形”來表達(dá)。過去將來時(shí)的基本特征，也就是我么年今天所談到的“立足過去，著眼未來”。它表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的某個(gè)動(dòng)作或存在的某種狀態(tài)。例如：Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane.瑪麗告訴我說她將要坐飛機(jī)去上海。二、用法1.表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。I didnt know when he would go to

2、 the park.He said that he would wait for me at the school gate.此種情況常用于賓語從句或間接引語中。用“was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”，“was / were about to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。She told me she was going to fly to Yunnan.I was about to leave the house when the telephone rang.和一般將來時(shí)一樣，也可用相應(yīng)的其他形式表示。2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可用來表示過去將來。He said the

3、 train was leaving atfive the next morning. He said he was coming to see me.常見于come, go等瞬間動(dòng)詞。(1)基本構(gòu)成A ) would + 動(dòng)詞原形如：He asked me if I would stay here. 他問我是否要待在這兒。B ) was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形如：No one knew when he was going to finish his homework.沒有人知道他什么時(shí)候會(huì)完成作業(yè)。C ) was/ were ( about ) to + 動(dòng)詞原形如：H

4、e said that they were to leave at six. 他說他們將于6點(diǎn)動(dòng)身。She said that the meeting was about to begin. 她說會(huì)議就要開始了D) come, go, arrive, leave, die 等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞，用在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中表示過去將來。如：She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan. 她告訴我們她將要去云南。(2)基本用法A ) 主句為過去時(shí)，賓語從句常表示將要發(fā)生的事情。如：Nobody knew what would happen after a hundredye

5、ars.沒有人知道一百年之后將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting.我們想知道她是否準(zhǔn)備在會(huì)上發(fā)言。B ) 在敘述過去的事情或事情發(fā)生的經(jīng)過時(shí)，用過去將來時(shí)表示在當(dāng)時(shí)看將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事。如：It was a Sunday afternoon. A young woman named Maria had just leftschool.一個(gè)星期天的下午，一位名叫瑪麗亞的年輕人剛離開學(xué)校。He was going to start to work the next week, so she dec

6、ided to buy some newclothes and a new pair of shoes. 因?yàn)樗郎?zhǔn)備下周開始工作，所以，決定買些新衣服和一雙新鞋子。C ) 過去將來時(shí)還可以用來表示非真實(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at HarvardUniversity.如果我有機(jī)會(huì)出國學(xué)習(xí)的話，我就會(huì)去哈佛大學(xué)。I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 今晚他能和我一起去看電影就好了。初三英語語法知識點(diǎn)集錦二1. “主語 + 謂語”(即“主謂”句型

7、)這一句型英漢語言結(jié)構(gòu)形式完全相同，說明“某人或某物如何動(dòng)作”，或者說“某人或某物自身怎樣運(yùn)動(dòng)”。例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析：“他們”(主語)“到了”(謂語動(dòng)作)。The earth turns around the sun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.太陽東升西落。2. “主語 + 謂語 + 賓語”(即“主謂賓”句型)這一句型英漢語言的結(jié)構(gòu)形式完全相同，用以說明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者說“某人或某物發(fā)出了動(dòng)作，并且其動(dòng)作涉及到另一個(gè)人或物”

8、。例：I study English.分析：“我”(主語)“學(xué)習(xí)”(謂語動(dòng)作)“英語”(賓語即動(dòng)作涉及的對象)。I like swimming.我喜歡游泳。3. “主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語”(即“主謂雙賓”句型)這一句型英漢語序結(jié)構(gòu)相同，說明“某人為誰(間接賓語為人)做某事”，或者說“某人或物的運(yùn)動(dòng)涉及到兩個(gè)對象，其中一個(gè)間接對象為人，另一個(gè)為物”。例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“我們的老師”(主語)“教”(謂語動(dòng)作)“我們”(間接賓語)“英語”(直接賓語)。4. “主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語”(即“主謂賓補(bǔ)”句型)這一句

9、型說明“某人或某物要求(使、讓)某人做什么”或“某人感覺某人或物怎么樣”。例： He asked her to go there.分析：“他”(主語)“要求”(謂語動(dòng)作)“她”(賓語即動(dòng)作涉及的對象)“去那里”(補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)充說明賓語應(yīng)做什么)。5. “主語 + have + 賓語”(即“擁有”句型)這一句型主要用于說明“某人或某物擁有什么(賓語，即有形或無形的資源)”。例： You have a nice watch. 你有一塊漂亮的手表分析：“你”擁有一塊漂亮的手表，即你擁有一個(gè)可以及時(shí)且漂亮的器具。6. “There + be + 主語+ ”(即“存在”句型)這一句型用以說明“在某地或某時(shí)存在

10、某人或物”。例：There is a bird in the tree. 在樹上有一只鳥。分析：“在樹上”(地點(diǎn))“有一只鳥”(存在物)。7. “主語 + 系動(dòng)詞+ 表語”(即“主系表”句型)這一句型用以說明“某人(某物、某事、某種概念)具有什么特征或處于什么狀態(tài)”。漢語的“是”字結(jié)構(gòu)屬于這一英語句型的形式之一。常用的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有be,keep，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem,smell, sound, taste, 等。例： I am a teacher. 我是一名老師分析：“我”(

11、主語)“是”(系動(dòng)詞)“一名老師”(表語即表明主語的身份)。She felt very tired. 她感覺到很累。He became an engineer.他成為了一名工程師。You look pale today, are you ill? 你今天臉色看起來蒼白，病了嗎?8. 比較句型這一句型用以比較物質(zhì)甲與乙之間的異同。1) 相等比較: as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as;as + 形容詞+名詞 + as例：He is as rich as John.他和約翰一樣富有。例：He has as much money as she does.他和她的錢一樣多2) 劣等比較： less +

12、 形容詞/副詞原級 + than 例：He is less careful than she. 他沒她細(xì)心。3) 優(yōu)等比較：+ 形容詞/副詞比較級 + than ;the + 形容詞/副詞比較級 + of the two例：She is more careful than he.她比他細(xì)心多了。例： He is the cleverer of the two boys.兩個(gè)男孩中他更聰明些。4)級：the + 形容詞/副詞級(單數(shù)名詞或one)+ of(among) + 人或物in + 場所例： He is the tallest in the class.他是班上的。9. “it + is/

13、was + 形容詞 + to do/從句”(即評價(jià)句型)這一句型用于說明“某一動(dòng)作或事情屬于什么性質(zhì)或具有什么特征”。即對某一動(dòng)作或事情進(jìn)行評價(jià)。(這里it 是形式主語，真正的主語是 to do 結(jié)構(gòu)或that 從句)例：It is important to learn a foreign language.學(xué)習(xí)一門外語很重要。分析：本句重在說明“學(xué)習(xí)一門外語”(to learn a foreign language)這一動(dòng)作的性質(zhì)是“重要的”。初三英語語法知識點(diǎn)集錦三引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有if, unless, as so long as等：You can leave now i

14、f you like. 如果你愿意現(xiàn)在就可以走了。As long as it doesnt rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我們就可以去?！咀ⅰ砍陨匣镜囊龑?dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞外，還有的動(dòng)詞尤其是其分詞形式(如suppose, supposing, provided,providing等)和介詞短語(如in case, on condition that等)也可用作連詞表示條件：In case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記，請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌隆 will come on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀請她來, 那我就來。He may go with us provided providing he arrives in time.他若及時(shí)到，就可以和我們一起走。Suppose 和supposing 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí)，通常用于主句為疑問句的場合：Suppose the boss saw you，what would he say? 如果老板看到你，他會(huì)怎樣說?Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him? 他若不來，是不是不帶他去?條件狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)或具有將來意時(shí)，條件狀語從句通常要