高中生物 第7章 第2節(jié) 現(xiàn)代生物進化理論的主要內(nèi)容課件 新人教版必修2 (72)

1、形容詞、副詞的基本用法(一) 形容詞是表示事物的特征和性質(zhì)的詞類，通常在句中作表語、賓語補足語、定語等。1.形容詞主要在下列動詞后作賓語補足語：（1）表示感覺的動詞，如：feel,find,see等。 She felt the palm of his hand wet with sweat.她感覺他的手掌汗?jié)窳恕?I found the cage empty.我發(fā)覺籠子空了。 Seeing him perfectly grave, she nod her head with approval.她看見他非常嚴肅的樣子就點頭同意了。（2）表示致使的動詞，如：get,have,leave,make,

2、set,turn等。 He got his shoes and socks wet. 他把鞋襪都弄濕了。 The operation left him weak.那次手術(shù)使他身體變?nèi)趿恕?The cold wind turned the leaves yellow.寒風(fēng)使樹葉變黃了。2.形容詞有時也可作狀語表示伴隨或結(jié)果，形容詞作狀語表示主語的狀態(tài)，并不表達動作的方式。 After the long journey， the three of them went back home， hungry and tired.經(jīng)過長時間旅行后，他們?nèi)齻€回到家，又餓又累。（二）副詞表示動作、狀態(tài)、特征等

3、的性質(zhì)（方式、程度、數(shù)量等），或指出動作和狀態(tài)的發(fā)生或存在的狀況，因此副詞的語法意義是多樣的，副詞在句中主要作狀語，也可作表語、定語、賓語補足語。1.作狀語是副詞的主要句法功能，作狀語時它修飾動詞、形容詞和其他副詞。 I agree with you absolutely.我完全同意你。 He looked tired, so deathly tired. 他看來累了，累得要死。2.有些副詞還可以作連詞，作副詞時常放在句末。如：though，(ever) since，in case等。 He is old. He works hard， though.Though he is old， he

4、works hard.雖然他年事已高，但他工作還是很努力。3.有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評注性狀語。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等。 Fortunately， he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸運的是，他沒被淹死，被解放軍救了。 Happily for her， her stepmother was kind to her.令她高興的是她的繼母對她很好。4.can not/never 與enough 或too連用表示：無論怎樣都不過分；越越好。 You can never be too care

5、ful in the street.在大街上你越小心越好。1.A is (v.)倍數(shù)比較級thanB2.A is (v.)倍數(shù)as原級asB3.A is (v.)倍數(shù)the名詞(size，length，height 等)ofB4.A is (v.)倍數(shù)thatofB5.A is (v.)倍數(shù)what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 This building is three times higher than that one.=This building is three times as high as that one.=This building is three times the height

6、 of that one.這個建筑物是那個建筑物的3倍高。形容詞、副詞表示倍數(shù)的句型 The output of this year is 3 times that of 2014.The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2014.今年的產(chǎn)量是2014年的三倍。 After the new technique was introduced， the factory produced twice as many cars in 2014 as the year before.引進新技術(shù)后，這家工廠2014年生產(chǎn)的小汽車是去年的兩倍。形容

7、詞、副詞的比較等級1.“as形容詞(a/an)名詞as”表示同級比較，注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時各自所在的位置。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人們普遍認為，教學(xué)是一門科學(xué)，同時也是一門藝術(shù)。2.“as形容詞/副詞的原級as”與“not as/so形容詞/副詞的原級as”表示同級比較，即兩個或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同(不同)。 The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.這項工作不像你想象的那么難。3.“the比較

8、級of the two名詞”表示“兩者中較的那個”。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.兩個男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。4.a形容詞比較級n. After two years research， we have a far better understanding of the disease.研究兩年之后，現(xiàn)在我們進一步了解了這種病。5.“the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越越”。 The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you.你說得越多，他就越不專心聽你講。6.比較級+and+

9、比較級，表示“越來越”。 Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我們的城市會變得越來越美麗。7.比較級的修飾語常見的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑問句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。 The students study even harder than before.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。 A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽車比自行車跑的快得多。8.最高級(1)最高級的修飾語

10、常見的有：序數(shù)詞，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當中最長的一座。 Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想買那部第二貴的相機。(2)否定詞比較級最高級 There is no greater love than that of a man who lay

11、s down his life for his friends.為朋友而舍棄生命的人的愛是最偉大的愛。 Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你對他在會議上的發(fā)言滿意嗎？No. It couldnt have been worse.不，發(fā)言太差了。.單句填空1.If you want to book tickets for the 2016 Asian Games, just call 00952012. It couldnt be (simple).【解析】句意：如果你想預(yù)訂2016年亞運會的票,就撥打電話00952012。不可

12、能比這更簡單了。形容詞比較級和否定詞連用時，表最高級意思，即：這是最簡單的?！敬鸢浮?.simpler2.The concept of “Customer First” should be （firm）rooted in the mind of every shop-assistant. 【解析】句意：“顧客至上”的概念應(yīng)該牢固地植根于每個商店售貨員的心里。修飾過去分詞應(yīng)用副詞?！敬鸢浮?.firmly3.He had driven no (far) than ten miles when his race car broke down and he was soon behind the o

13、ther competitors. 【解析】句意：他剛剛開了不超過十英里距離時，他的賽車就拋錨了,很快他就落后于其他競爭對手。far表示“具體距離”時的比較級是farther。【答案】3.farther4.Your plan, as well as his, sounds original. But the company, I think, wont approve either of them, for they are (real).【解析】句意：你的計劃以及他的計劃聽起來是那么有創(chuàng)意，但我認為公司哪個也不會批準的,因為它們不現(xiàn)實。從句意看應(yīng)是不切合實際的，因此應(yīng)是unrealistic

14、?！敬鸢浮?.unrealistic5.Do you like this part of the town, the so-called desired area?On the contrary, its the _ area that I want to visit in town.【解析】句意：你喜歡這座城市的這一部分嗎,所謂的期望區(qū)？相反,這是我最不想?yún)⒂^的一個區(qū)域。last本意為“最后的”，引申為“the least suitable or likely”(最不可能的)?！敬鸢浮?.last6.Retirement is obviously a very complex adjustm

15、ent period and the (early) you start planning for it, the better.【解析】句意：退休顯然是一個非常復(fù)雜的適應(yīng)期,你越早開始規(guī)劃越好。“the+比較級，the+比較級”是一個固定句型，意為“越就越好”?！敬鸢浮?.earlier7.If there were no examinations tomorrow, we would have a much (happy) time tonight.【解析】句意：如果明天沒有考試,我們今晚會更快樂。本句是一個虛擬，是虛擬與真實的對比，是比較關(guān)系，因此用比較級。【答案】7.happier8.

16、Its likely that she will be (absence) from punishment, as our teacher has been convinced by her excuse.【解析】句意：很有可能她不會受到懲罰,因為老師相信了她的借口。absence 的形容詞形式是absent?！敬鸢浮?.absent9.Young people go to college with the expectation that _(good) educated people get a higher pay. 【解析】句意：年輕人上大學(xué)的期望是受過更好教育的人會得到更高的薪水。從

17、后文用詞higher 可知，這里是一個相對的概念，含一個比較的意思。【答案】9.better10.She believes that we have all become world citizens, due to technological advances like internet and airplanes. And I couldnt agree _.【解析】句意：她認為，我們都因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)和飛機這些科技的進步而成為地球村的一員，我完全贊同。形容詞的比較級與否定詞連用，表達的是最高級的意思，I couldnt agree more 意為“我完全贊同”?！敬鸢浮?0.more11.We

18、can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a _ polluted world.【解析】句意：除非我們創(chuàng)造出一個少些污染的世界，否則我們永遠都不可能指望有一片更藍的天空。過去分詞polluted充當形容詞，修飾world，意為“被污染的”。從句意可知，應(yīng)用less。【答案】11.less12.My brother was still studying late into the night while I was _ asleep.【解析】句意：我哥哥深夜時還在學(xué)習(xí)而我卻睡著了。be/fall sound/fast asleep 意為“安然入睡

19、，酣睡中”；sound可用作副詞修飾形容詞asleep; soundly也是副詞，是修飾動詞的，如：He was sleeping soundly。【答案】12.sound/fast13.As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _(alternation) energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.【解析】句意：因為煤和石油越來越少，科學(xué)家正在探索利用替代能源的新方法，例如通過

20、陽光、風(fēng)力和水力產(chǎn)電產(chǎn)能。alternative 有“可選擇的，可替代的”之意?！敬鸢浮?3.alternative14.Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be _ (access) to the kids.【解析】句意：法蘭克把藥放在上面的抽屜里，以確保孩子們拿不到藥。sth. be accessible to sb.意為“能被拿到”。【答案】14.accessible15.How much _ (good) she looks without her glasses! She is gorg

21、eous now.【解析】句意：她不戴眼鏡看起來好太多了！她現(xiàn)在真漂亮。根據(jù)后句，空白處應(yīng)填表示“好”的比較級?！敬鸢浮?5.better16.The incomes of skilled workers went up. Meanwhile, _(skill) workers saw their earnings fall.【解析】句意：技術(shù)工人的收入上升了，同時，非技術(shù)工人的收入下降了。unskilled與skilled形成一對反義詞?！敬鸢浮?6.unskilled17.Im sure that your letter will get _ (immediately) attention

22、. They know youre waiting for the reply.【解析】句意：我確信你的信將馬上得到關(guān)注。他們知道你正等著回復(fù)。根據(jù)后句可知，前文應(yīng)該表示“信馬上會得到處理”，故用immediate修飾attention?！敬鸢浮?7.immediate18.Its high time you had your hair cut; its getting much _ long.【解析】句意：你該剪頭發(fā)了。你頭發(fā)太長了。much too修飾形容詞，表示“非常，太”。【答案】18.too19.Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more

23、 _ (sense) to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems.【解析】句意：跟他的姐姐相比，杰瑞對情感和關(guān)系問題更敏感，更容易受其困擾。根據(jù)“more easily troubled by”以及介詞to，此處應(yīng)用be sensitive to這個短語。【答案】19.sensitive20.My brother is really _ (diligence). He often works in his office far into the night.【解析】句意：我的哥哥工作勤奮。他常常在辦公

24、室工作到深夜。 形容詞作表語，故用diligent?！敬鸢浮?0.diligent21.I can _ be a teacher. Im not a very patient person.【解析】句意：我永遠不會當老師。我不是一個非常耐心的人。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)填副詞never/not，表否定意義?！敬鸢浮?1.never/not22.My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice _ expensive.【解析】句意：我叔叔在市中心的房子比我們的小很多，但是是我們的兩倍貴。考查倍數(shù)的表

25、示方法。該題采用了“倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.+as”這一結(jié)構(gòu)?！敬鸢浮?2.as23.The children loved their day trip, and among all the activities, they enjoyed the horse ride _.【解析】句意：那些孩子們喜歡他們的短途旅行。在所有項目中，他們最喜歡騎馬。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)該用most修飾enjoy，表示最喜歡?！敬鸢浮?3.most24.The weather was _ cold that I didnt like to leave my room.【解析】句意：天氣太冷了以致于我不愿意離開我

26、的房間。考查so+adj.+that結(jié)構(gòu)?！敬鸢浮?4.so25.Tom does very well in computer study and much to my joy, Jane does no _ (bad) than Tom.【解析】句意：湯姆在計算機研究方面做得很好,使我高興的是,簡并不比湯姆差。從后文的than可判斷應(yīng)用比較級。【答案】 25.worse26.Jack is late again. It is _ (type) of him to keep others waiting.【解析】句意：杰克又遲到了。讓別人等是他一貫的作風(fēng)。It is typical of sb

27、. to do sth.意為“某人一貫”?！敬鸢浮?26.typical27.As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only _ (occasion).【解析】句意：因為他在一個邊遠的地區(qū)工作，所以他只能偶爾回去看望他的父母。occasionally adv.偶爾地。【答案】 7.occasionally28. Last night Mr.Crook didnt come back at the usual time. _, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.【解

28、析】句意：昨天晚上庫魯克先生沒有按往常的時間回來，而是見了幾個朋友，在外面呆到半夜。instead意為“相反地；反而”?！敬鸢浮?8.Instead29.He doesnt have _ furniture in his roomjust an old desk.【解析】句意：他房間里沒有什么家具只有一張舊桌子。furniture為不可數(shù)名詞，故用much修飾?！敬鸢浮?9.much30.Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was _ able to make a phone call.【解析】句意：盡管在事故中受重傷，但司機還能打電

29、話。althoughyet/still用以表達“盡管，但還是”。 【答案】30.still.單句改錯單句改錯1.Pure love and suspicion cannot dwell together: at the door where the later enters, the former makes its exit.【解析】句意：真愛和猜疑不可能共存；當后者進門時，前者就會離開。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是前者和后者的對比，前者是the former，后者是the latter。 【答案】1.laterlatter2.High technology has been used in teachi

30、ng. As a result, not only was teachers energy saved, but students became most interested in the lessons. 【解析】句意：高科技已被用于教學(xué)。因此, 不僅教師的精力得到了節(jié)省，而且學(xué)生也對課程更感興趣了。這里應(yīng)是學(xué)生的現(xiàn)在和過去相比，應(yīng)是比較級?！敬鸢浮?.mostmore3.His health is improving day by day. It is quite apparently that the medicine has a good effect on his disease.

31、【解析】句意：他的健康正在逐日改善，很明顯這種藥對他的病有良好的效果。句中it 是形式主語，應(yīng)用apparent 作表語?！敬鸢浮?.apparentlyapparent4.She didnt allow the accident to discourage her. On the contrary, she began to work twice as hardly. 【解析】句意：她不允許這次事故阻止她。相反,她開始加倍努力地工作。hardly 意為“幾乎不”，是具有否定意義的詞，“努力地”，應(yīng)是hard?！敬鸢浮?.hardlyhard5.Schools across China are

32、 expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times of the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressure.【解析】句意：中國各地的一些學(xué)校預(yù)計今年將招聘50 000名大學(xué)畢業(yè)生做短期老師,這是去年雇傭數(shù)量的三倍,以幫助減少失業(yè)壓力。表達比較級的形式之一是：倍數(shù)詞+the+名詞（+of）,這里可以看作是three times the number of teachers tha

33、t were hired last year的省略。【答案】5.three times of6.You seem to be burning yourself out with so much work!Exact. Im dying for a thorough rest and a good workout.【解析】句意：你似乎在拼命啦？做如此多的工作! 沒錯。我渴望徹底的休息和好好的鍛煉。作評注性的狀語時，應(yīng)用副詞。【答案】6.ExactExactly7.Mary was only too ready to help others, seldom, if any, refusing th

34、em when they turned to her.【解析】句意：瑪麗非常樂于助人, 當別人向她求助時，如果有的話,她很少拒絕他們。if ever表示一種假設(shè)，意為“如果曾經(jīng)有過”。【答案】7.anyever8.There are a few things more important to society than educating children and providing healthcare to families.【解析】句意：很少有事情比教育孩子，為家庭提供醫(yī)療保健對社會更重要的了。few具有否定意義；而a few有肯定色彩?！敬鸢浮?.a few9.Judging from

35、 what has happened here, its high time that we should take effectively measures to prevent this.【解析】句意：從已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情來看,是到了我們應(yīng)該采取有效措施來防止這種情況的時候了。effectively是副詞，修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞?！敬鸢浮?.effectivelyeffective10.The manager called upon his employees to improve their service. As a result, the supermarket attracted twic

36、e as many as customers in 2015 as the year before.【解析】句意：經(jīng)理要求他的員工改善他們的服務(wù)質(zhì)量。結(jié)果，超市在2015年吸引的客戶是前一年的兩倍多。as是多余的，many是形容詞，修飾的是名詞customers。【答案】10.as customers11.It seems that green living is surprising easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference.【解析】形容詞easy, affordable應(yīng)該用副詞來修飾，故應(yīng)用surprisingly。

37、【答案】11.surprisingsurprisingly12.Bob isnt feeling very well. He has caught a cold.Everyone seems to have one because of the suddenly change of the weather.【解析】句意：鮑勃感覺不是很好，他已經(jīng)感冒了。因為天氣的突然變化似乎每個人都在感冒。句中change是名詞，用形容詞修飾。sudden是形容詞，而suddenly是副詞?！敬鸢浮?2.suddenlysudden13.After the long journey, the three of

38、them went back home, hungry and tiredly.【解析】由句式結(jié)構(gòu)看， and前后的詞性應(yīng)該一致，且英語中形容詞或形容詞短語可作為狀語使用，表示主語的狀態(tài)?！敬鸢浮?3.tiredlytired14.I havent seen Ann for such long that Ive forgotten what she looks like.【解析】此處考查sothat結(jié)構(gòu)，so修飾副詞long?！敬鸢浮?14.suchso 15.A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten d

39、ays or less.【解析】句意：只要不持續(xù)10天或更長，通?？人允菦]有什么可擔(dān)心的。【答案】15.lessmore16.Running a company is not simple a matter of hiring peoplethey also need to be trained.【解析】 simply為副詞，修飾整個句子，意為“不僅僅”?！敬鸢浮?6.simplesimply17.It looks like the weather is changing for the worst. Shall we stick to our plan?【解析】 change for the

40、 worse變壞，惡化，是固定短語?！敬鸢浮?7.worstworse18.Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his well-known one.【解析】因提到在他所寫的所有歌曲中，這首可能是最好的，因此此處應(yīng)用最高級?！敬鸢浮?8.well knownbest known19.Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, so creating a stable environm

41、ent.【解析】 so表示“因此”時，是個連詞，但是creating a stable environment并非一個從句，因此用副詞thus或者therefore表示因果關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮?9.sothus/therefore20.There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is much wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.”【解析】本句對前后兩句諺語進行比較，得出后一句諺語更有智慧的結(jié)論。事實上第二句是一個省略的比較結(jié)構(gòu)，完整的句子為：But there is more wis

42、dom in this than that。【答案】20.muchmore21.Of the two coats, Id choose the cheapest one to spare some money for a book.【解析】根據(jù)to spare some money for a book可知，我想選便宜點的，且在兩件大衣中選擇，因此應(yīng)用比較級?！敬鸢浮?1.cheapestcheaper22.Do you need any help, Lucy?Yes. The job is no more than I could do myself.【解析】本題考查形容詞比較級的用法。more than多于，超過；no more than只不過。more than后接帶有情態(tài)動詞的從句，指“（某事）超出了的范圍”?！敬鸢浮?2.no more than23.How did you find your trip to Happy Valley Amusement Park?I tho