介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句（一）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是定語從句的一種復(fù)雜形式，這類定語從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有which ,whom , whose , 它們既可以引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞前該選用什么樣的介詞，要根據(jù)不同的語境、習(xí)語、慣用法等來決定。1 介詞選擇的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1. 介詞與定語從句的先行詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人類的面部表情和動物的面部

2、表情就可控制的程度來說是不一樣的。( to a degree )The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告訴我的那個紳士被證明是個小偷。( tell sb. about sb./ sth. )The English play in which my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.那場在新年晚會上我學(xué)生參加表演的英語劇很成功。( in the play )The schools themselves admit

3、 that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.學(xué)校本身承認(rèn)，并不是所有的孩子都能在他們所接受的培訓(xùn)的職業(yè)成功。( be trained for the job )2.介詞與定語從句中的動詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我們的老師與之握手的那個男士是誰？ ( shake hands with sb. )Last month , part of Southeast Asia w

4、as struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上個月，東南亞的部分地區(qū)發(fā)生洪水，人們還在遭受著洪水所帶來的影響。(suffer from sth. )3. 介詞與定語從句中的形容詞構(gòu)成一種習(xí)慣性的搭配Ours is a beautiful country , of which we are greatly proud . 我們的國家是一個美麗的國家，我們?yōu)橹械胶茏院馈? be proud of ) The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an act

5、ress. 同斯皮爾伯格結(jié)婚的女人是一位演員。( be married to )The West Lake , for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. 西湖很美，杭州以西湖而聞名。( be famous for )The woman to whom he was engaged was a doctor. 他與之訂婚的那個女士是位醫(yī)生。(be engaged to )4. 有時關(guān)系代詞前用什么介詞，要根據(jù)句子的意思來決定，此時不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配I was a woman running toward me i

6、n the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was , she had ran back in the direction from which she had come.看見一位婦女在黑暗中像我走來，我還沒來得及認(rèn)清她是誰，她已經(jīng)從她來的方向跑回去了。（如果僅注意先行詞，很容易受習(xí)慣心里的影響而使用in this direction 的搭配，但考慮到語境后的come ，則應(yīng)該使用from。）He was educa

7、ted at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University. 他在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰咧猩蠈W(xué)，之后他上了北京大學(xué)。（after which 的意思就是“在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰咧薪邮芡杲逃蟆保?。In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm. by which time many have got home.在辦公室我好像總是沒時間，只有等到下午五點(diǎn)半，而那個時候大家都已經(jīng)回家了。（此句不能受at 5:30 pm 的通常表達(dá)的影響而選用介詞at, 而應(yīng)

8、該依據(jù)整個句子的語意來確定介詞。）5. 表示“所有格”或“整體與部分關(guān)系”時，用介詞ofThe journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days.這次環(huán)球旅行老水手用了9個月，其中航行的時間是226天。The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 這個工廠每年生產(chǎn)50萬雙鞋，其中的（指50萬雙鞋）80%銷往海外。I

9、 was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most of whom were from Germany.我被告知這個學(xué)校有大約50個外國學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中文，其中大多數(shù)來自德國。I have many friends,of whom some are businessmen. 我有很多朋友，其中有些是生意人。二介詞不能提前的情況當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞可以提前放在which（指事物不能用that）或者whom(指人不能用who)之前，也可放于原來的位置，但在

10、含有介詞的動詞固定短語中，由于動詞和介詞的關(guān)系比較緊密，一般不能將介詞與動詞拆開而將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前。這類短語動詞有l(wèi)isten to/look at/depend on/take care of/look into/break into/get rid of/look forward to等。This is the room which/that Lu Xun used to live in.(=This is the room in which Lu Xun used to live.)這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房間。The man 介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句（二）例句：1) Have yo

11、u ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?2) They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame.3) Later they may give performances in p

12、ubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.4) The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. 5) However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own son

13、gs like a real band.6) They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，是定語從句一種介詞前置的定語從句句型，介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，即演變出“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句型。例如： The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher. =The man to whom you spoke

14、is a teacher.一、基本構(gòu)成1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介詞+which/whom。（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2）The city in which she lives is far away.（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意：當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時，用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2.關(guān)系副詞when，where，why可用“介詞whic

15、h”來代替。關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞。其中when=表時間的介詞（如：in，at,on,during等）+which；Where=表地點(diǎn)的介詞（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介詞（如：for）+which (1)當(dāng)先行詞表示時間，定語從句中缺少時間狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時也可選用表示時間的介詞which來代替關(guān)系副詞when。 I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when) (2)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此時也可選

16、用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞which來代替關(guān)系副詞where。 This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where) (3)當(dāng)先行詞為reason，定語從句中缺少表示原因狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時也可以用for which來代替關(guān)系副詞why。 There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why注意：1. 含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開, 介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如: look for, look after, take c

17、are of， pay attention to, look forward to 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. 2.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞,表示先行詞的一部分或全部。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, som

18、e of which have gone bad.二介詞的選擇根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。Eg:Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?The school (which/that ) he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。 2.根據(jù)從句中動詞與形容詞的搭配。The student to whom I want to be grateful is Tom.3

19、.根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請體會：Eg:1949 was the year in which the P.R.C was founded.4. 根據(jù)從句的意義來確定介詞。My computer, without which I cant play computer games, broke down yesterday.昨天我的電腦壞了，沒有它我不能玩電腦游戲。5. whose可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型。They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the do

20、or opens to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.三. 填空練習(xí)1. This is the gun _ _ the hunter shot the antelope.2. The athletes _ _ he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic.3. Hell never forget the day _ _ he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time. 4. The musicians _ _ we have great interest