高考非限制性定語從句詳解

1、Grammar and usage引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所屬關(guān)系所屬關(guān)系 指地點(diǎn)指地點(diǎn) 指時(shí)間指時(shí)間 指原因指原因 who/whom/thatwhich/thatwhosewherewhenwhy關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞Finish the attributive clauses below:1. The lesson _ we studied yesterday was hard to understand. 2. You can take any book _ interests you best.3. People like to

2、 live in a place _ theres fresh air and little noise.thatwhich / that Practice where4. The girl _ you saw at the meeting is a well-known swimmer. 5. He is the very worker _ picture we saw in the newspaper yesterday. 6. He was very happy on the day _ he entered the university.7. I never really unders

3、tand the reason _ he made such a serious mistake. whom / thatwhosewhenwhy8. The young lady _ wears a white blouse is my elder sister. 9.The tall boy, _ is sitting there, plays basketball very well.whowhoQuestion:Whats the difference between No. 8 and No. 9? 定語從句分為定語從句分為限制性定語從句限制性定語從句(restrictive)和和非

4、限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句(non-restrictive)兩種。限制性定語兩種。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞從句緊跟先行詞,與先行詞之間一與先行詞之間一般不加逗號(hào)；非限制性定語從句與般不加逗號(hào)；非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing quickly.Example 1Conclusion 1當(dāng)先行詞是地名、人名、世界上獨(dú)一無當(dāng)先行詞是地名、人名、世界上獨(dú)

5、一無二的事物或家庭唯一成員時(shí)，通常只用二的事物或家庭唯一成員時(shí)，通常只用非限制性定語從句修飾。非限制性定語從句修飾。1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在醫(yī)院工作的姐姐。我有一位在醫(yī)院工作的姐姐。2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在醫(yī)院工作。我有一位姐姐，她在醫(yī)院工作。Example 2不只一位姐姐不只一位姐姐只有一位姐姐只有一位姐姐3. The magazines here have nice pictures in them were writte

6、n by him. 里面有漂亮圖畫的那些雜志是他寫的。里面有漂亮圖畫的那些雜志是他寫的。4. The magazines here, which have nice pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的雜志都是他寫的所有的雜志都是他寫的, 里面都有漂亮里面都有漂亮的圖畫。的圖畫。雜志不止一雜志不止一類類雜志只有一類雜志只有一類Conclusion 21. 限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切,是先行詞不可缺少的部分是先行詞不可缺少的部分,如果去掉如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明確。它，主句意思往往不明確。 2. 非限制性定語從

7、句是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)非限制性定語從句是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充或說明充或說明,去掉它也不會(huì)影響主句的去掉它也不會(huì)影響主句的意思。意思。This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 這房子很漂亮這房子很漂亮,是我們上個(gè)月買的。是我們上個(gè)月買的。Example 3限制性定語從句限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句3. He seems not to have grasped

8、what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒領(lǐng)會(huì)我的意思他似乎沒領(lǐng)會(huì)我的意思, 這使我心煩。這使我心煩。非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句Conclusion 31. 限制性定語從句可以由關(guān)系代詞限制性定語從句可以由關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞來關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略。引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略。2. 非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞,又可修飾又可修飾整個(gè)主句整個(gè)主句,不可用不可用that引導(dǎo)且關(guān)系代詞不可以引導(dǎo)且關(guān)系代詞不可以省略省略。1. The famous basketball star, _ comes

9、from America, will visit our school soon.2. In those days, she used to go to Mr. Black,with _ she had a wonderful time.3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.whichwhomwho Practice4. Xian, _I visited last year, is a nice old city.5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy.6. The

10、school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.7. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true.whichwherewhenwhich非限制性定語從句考點(diǎn)歸納：非限制性定語從句考點(diǎn)歸納： which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 代替整代替整個(gè)主句。個(gè)主句。 He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他錯(cuò)過了演出，這真是很大的遺憾。他錯(cuò)過了演出，這真是很大的遺憾。2. He in

11、vited me to dinner, which made me very happy. 他請(qǐng)我吃飯，這使我很高興。他請(qǐng)我吃飯，這使我很高興。Conclusion which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí), which可代替整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于可代替整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或或and that。 當(dāng)先行詞為前面的整個(gè)主句時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞當(dāng)先行詞為前面的整個(gè)主句時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，這時(shí)從句謂語非限制性定語從句，這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。He seems not to have grasped what I mean

12、t, greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as和和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句 as和和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：不同之處。具體情況是： 1As和和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。代表前面整個(gè)句

13、子。He was honest, as/which we can see. 2. as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，另外，as有有“正如正如，正像，正像”的意思的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his acce

14、nt. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意注意:當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí),常用常用which (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.先行詞前常被先行詞前常被such,the same, so,as 修飾，即構(gòu)成修飾，即構(gòu)成suchas , the same as

15、, soas, asas結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)構(gòu)， (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：當(dāng)先行詞由注意：當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys we

16、dding. 她穿著她在她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子?；槎Y上穿過的一條裙子。 (5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。(兩件相似的東西兩件相似的東西)4 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句常見結(jié)構(gòu)有引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句常見結(jié)構(gòu)有as is well known/ is known to allas is said beforeas we all can seeas is expected/ hoped/ supposed,.5 當(dāng)非限定性定語從句的謂語為當(dāng)非限定性

17、定語從句的謂語為be known(said, announced, reported, expected)等被動(dòng)形式時(shí)，常用等被動(dòng)形式時(shí)，常用as引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)Washington was the father of America, is known to all. Practice Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 3. It rained hard

18、yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.whichwhichwhichII. all / some/ of + whom / which引導(dǎo)非引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句 He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match.2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.Conclusion 在非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定

19、語從句中,一些表達(dá)數(shù)量一些表達(dá)數(shù)量或定位的數(shù)詞或代詞如或定位的數(shù)詞或代詞如 all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可等可與與 of 構(gòu)成介詞詞組修飾限制先行詞構(gòu)成介詞詞組修飾限制先行詞,此時(shí)此時(shí)先行詞在其后的定語從句中作介詞的賓語先行詞在其后的定語從句中作介詞的賓語,關(guān)系代詞不可用關(guān)系代詞不可用that。如先行詞指人則用如先行詞指人則用whom，如先行詞指物則用，如先行詞指物則用which引導(dǎo)從句。引導(dǎo)從句。1. Many students in this school, some of which are not ove

20、rweight, are going on diets.2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.whomCorrection:them3. Half a million pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 80% of whom are sold abroad. 4. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman. 5. I am doin

21、g different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.whichwhich 或或 all 前加前加andwhomPractice time Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _ made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which2. The English play, _ my students acted at the New Years par

22、ty ,was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which3. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. w

23、hen B. which C. what D. that非限制性定語從句中通常使用非限制性定語從句中通常使用下列關(guān)系代詞和副詞下列關(guān)系代詞和副詞關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：which / who / whom / whose /as 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when / where/for which(非限制性定語從句中不用關(guān)系詞非限制性定語從句中不用關(guān)系詞that；非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞；非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞不能省略不能省略)限制性定語從句限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式上形式上不用逗號(hào)和主句隔不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開開用逗號(hào)和主句隔開用逗號(hào)和主句隔開意義上意義上是先行詞不可缺少是先行詞

24、不可缺少的定語，不能刪除的定語，不能刪除是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，刪除后意思仍完明，刪除后意思仍完整整譯法上譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定翻譯成先行詞的定語，語，“的的”通常翻譯成主句的并通常翻譯成主句的并列句列句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的使用的使用上上A.做賓語時(shí)可省略做賓語時(shí)可省略 B.可用可用that, why C.可用可用who代替代替whom A.做賓語時(shí)做賓語時(shí)不不可省略可省略 B.不不用用that, why C.不不用用who代替代替whom限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句1 He is the only one of the students who praised by the teacher.2 He is one of the students who praised by the teacher注意