初中句子成分分析與訓(xùn)練題

1、組成句子的各個(gè)局部叫做句子成分。它包括：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等。各成分在句中的作用如何?分別由哪些詞及短語充當(dāng)?1.主語：是句子要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體，一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如：The car is running fast.(名詞)We are students.(代詞)One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(數(shù)詞)It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(動(dòng)名詞)假設(shè)不定

2、式短語作主語常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語(不定式短語)放在句后。2.謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體局部，一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語，連系動(dòng)詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與省略to的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語，助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語局部。如：He works in a factory.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)I felt cold.(系動(dòng)詞+表語)How can I get to the station?(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)Do you speak English?(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)They are working in a fiel

3、d.(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。3.賓語：是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如：He is doing his homework.(名詞)They did nothing this morning.(代詞)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(動(dòng)名詞)【注意】有的動(dòng)詞可接雙賓語，間接賓語指人，直接賓語指物。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball

4、，will you?(間賓+直賓)直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后，但假設(shè)把直接賓語放在前面，那么要在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to或 for等。如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直賓+間賓)Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直賓+間賓)有的動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語，而不能用動(dòng)名詞。這類動(dòng)詞有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：I hope to see you again.有的動(dòng)詞一般只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，而不用不定式。這類動(dòng)詞有：enjoy，fini

5、sh，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：Do you mind my opening the window?有的動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞含義不同。forget to do表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，forget doing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作。如：Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒來)I forgot returning the book to him.(書已還給他了)麗慧外語句子成分分析4.定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等充當(dāng)。如：What a beautiful

6、kite it is!(形容詞)She is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)There are two students in the classroom.(數(shù)詞)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介詞短語)【注意】定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但假設(shè)修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作定語，那么放在后面。5.狀語：用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當(dāng)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末。如：Thank you very

7、 much.(副詞)I get up at five in the morning.(介詞短語)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短語)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(從句)【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如：He is old enough to go to school.6.表語：用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：be，look，get，sound(聽起來)，feel，become

8、， smell，turn，taste(嘗起來)等。如：They are workers.(名詞)Two and three is five.(數(shù)詞)The story is very interesting.(形容詞)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(動(dòng)名詞)She is at home.(介詞短語)I feel terrible.(形容詞)The dish tastes delicious.(形容詞)7.賓語補(bǔ)足語：用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，

9、see，have，order，make等?！百e補(bǔ)一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。如：We elected him monitor.(名詞)I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容詞)The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短語)He is going to have his hair cut.(過去分詞)They saw a bird flying in the sky.(現(xiàn)在分詞)8同位語： 同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如： We st

10、udents should study hard. / (students是we的同位語，都是指同一批學(xué)生 We all are students. / (all是we的同位語，都指同樣的我們9分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致! 否那么應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。 例： Studying hard, you score will go up. 1They(主語 are working系表結(jié)構(gòu)做謂語 on the farm地點(diǎn)狀語 now時(shí)間狀語. 2.Seeing動(dòng)詞ing做主語is謂語 believing 賓語3.All of us主語 like 謂語Kobe

11、Bryant 賓語very much 程度副詞狀語4.She主語 became謂語 a doctor 賓語in 1998 時(shí)間狀語5.The book主語 lying on the floor補(bǔ)語 are謂語 mine 賓語6.Suddenly 狀語it形式主語 began to rain 謂語7.To catch the train ,目的狀語I主語 got up 謂語early yesterday 時(shí)間狀語8.I主語 always find謂語 her 賓語happy 狀語9.He 主語wonders 謂語if I 條件句中的主語still study條件句中的謂語 English 條件句

12、中的賓語整個(gè)條件句做主干的賓語10.The letter主語 which I received the day before yesterday定語從句 was謂語 a friend of mine 賓語 答案：11.We always work hard at English。 主語 狀語 謂語 狀語 狀語12. He said he didn't come. 主句主語 主句謂語 從句主語 從句謂語13 .They love each other. 主 謂語 賓語14. What did you bye? 賓 助動(dòng)詞 主 謂15. She watched her daughter p

13、laying the piano. 主 謂 賓 賓語補(bǔ)足語16. Your job today is to help the old. - 主 定語 系動(dòng)詞 表語17. Speaking doesn't mean doing. 主 謂 賓18. Bye the time I got to the station, the train had left. 時(shí)間狀語從句 主句主語 主句謂語19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓

14、語 狀語 20. It takes me an hour to get there. (三) D D B A B D C D A D(四) D B D C B(五) C C A B B D(六) C C C C D B(七) D A D D A D C D(八) us, 間接賓語 a story, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語 a new bike, 直接賓語 us, 間接賓語 history, 直接賓語 Tom, 間接賓語 it, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語 message, 直接賓語形式主語 謂語 賓語 真正主語2 / 4正確 效率 整潔挑出以下句中的表語  The old man

15、 was feeling very tired. A B C D Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B C D She was the first to learn abo

16、ut it. A B C D 挑出以下句中的定語  They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D What is your given name? A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the

17、 floor. A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! A B C D 挑出以下句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C D He asked

18、 her to take the boy out of school. A B C D She found it difficult to do the work. A B C D They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C D Did you see Li Ming playing football on the

19、 playground just now? A B C D(七) 挑出以下句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. A B C D Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B C D劃分句子成分練習(xí)題11. They are working on the farm

20、now.2. Seeing is believing.3. All of us like Kobe Bryant very much4. She became a doctor in 19985. The books lying on the floor are mine6. Suddenly it begins to rain7. To catch the train , I got up early yesterday8. I always find her happy9. He wonders If I still study English10.The letter which I r

21、eceived the day before yesterday was a friend of mine.11. We always work hard at English.12. He said he didn't come.13.They love each other.14.What did you bye?15.She watched her daughter playing the piano.16.your job today is to help the old.17.Speaking doesn't mean doing.18.Bye the time I

22、got to the station,the train had left.19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20.It takes me an hour to get there.挑出以下句中的賓語 My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D People all over the world speak 

23、English. A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D They made him monitor of the class.A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D You will fi