初中英語語法代詞復(fù)習(xí)講解

1、初中英語語法代詞復(fù)習(xí)講解代詞是代替名詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞等。一. 人稱代詞人稱代詞起代表人和事物的作用，有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化。人稱代詞的形式: 主格: 單數(shù)I 、 you 、 he 、 she 、 it 復(fù)數(shù) we 、you 、they 賓格: 單數(shù)me 、you 、him 、her 、 it 復(fù)數(shù)us 、 you 、them1、作主語用主格： She is a teacher(作主語) We love our country.It is my book.注意：1、人稱代詞主格單數(shù)he.she和it的復(fù)

2、數(shù)形式相同，都是they,賓格形式也相同，為them。2、主格代詞I,she等一般不單獨(dú)使用，也不用于帶not 的簡短答復(fù)中，這種情況下往往用賓格代詞。Who did it? Me/Not me.3、I 永遠(yuǎn)要大寫，無論在句前還是在句中。2、作賓語用賓格1)、作及物動詞的賓語。Xiao Li helped me with my lessons. We all know her. 2)、介詞賓語。 He had a talk with me this month.Please look at it.3、作表語。比擬正式的場合用主格，口語中用賓格。 -Whos is knocking at the

3、 door? -Its me. Oh，Its you.4.人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比擬時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。 Jack is older than her. Xiao Li is older than I am. 5.人稱代詞在句中并列使用時(shí)，一般的順序?yàn)?"二,三,一人稱"。單數(shù)you,he and I,復(fù)數(shù)you,they and we.You, she and I enjoy the music.6.、she ?？梢源韲?、大地、月亮、太陽、船只等。China will always do what she promiseed to do.The

4、Shanghai (上海輪) arrives tomorrow.,doesnt she?7.it 的用法：1、常用來代替不明性別的小孩child 和 baby 嬰兒。It is a lovely child. Is it a boy or a girl?2、指代this 或 that Whats this? Its a cat.That must be a cat,isnt it?(3).指代時(shí)間、距離、天氣、環(huán)境等Whats the weather like today? Its windyIts about five minuts walk from my home to school.I

5、ts time to go home.If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.He liked living there,it was usually very quiet.(4).用來確指某人，特別是身份不明的人。Who is it? Its the postman.I dont know it was you. (5).指代前文提到過的一件事情 I wont do it agait. Have you heard about it? Dont mention it. A woman saw it happen.6.作形式主語或形式賓語代替不定式、

6、動名詞短語或主語從句Its nice of you to give me so much help.It seems that Chinese food is the most popular in the world.How long does it take you to go home by bike?He found it very difficult to sleep.I think it right to do it like this.(7).it、 that、 one 的用法區(qū)別A、替代含義的不同It 替代特定的、同一的事物，既可以代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，又可以代替不可數(shù)名詞。Tha

7、t 替代特定的、但不同一的事物，既可以代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，又可以代替不可數(shù)名詞。One 替代一個(gè)不確定的、泛指的人或物，只替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。Yestoday I lost my pen,but Ive found it.Yestoday I lost my pen,but now Ive bought one .My seat is next to that of my teacher.B、修飾語的不同It 不能帶任何修飾成分One 可以有the. This.that.which.each 等修飾C、復(fù)數(shù)不同It -them that-those one-ones二. 物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞

8、叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，形容詞性 my 、your 、his 、her 、 its 、our 、 your 、 their名詞性 mine 、yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs1、形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，在句中作定語。例如： I saw it with my eyes. Our English teacher is a beautiful girl. 2、名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中作主語、賓語和表語。 Her dress is green.Mine is blue.(作主語) - Is t

9、his English-book yours? - No,Its his. (作表語) I lost my pen. May I use yours? Your bike is different from his. (作賓語) 注意：1、 its 與its 不能混淆 its = it is 或 it has 2、形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞雖然都譯成“的，但形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語，后面需有名詞，名詞性物主代詞不能用在名詞之前，名詞性物主代詞= 形容詞性物主代詞+名詞 Mary hair is longer than mine.(my hair). Her bike is differ

10、ent from ours.3."of+名詞性物主代詞"表示所屬 ，也可以用作定語，表示眾多中的一個(gè)。如:a sister of his 他的一個(gè)妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一個(gè)朋友三. 反身代詞表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"等表示自身或強(qiáng)調(diào)自身的代詞稱為反身代詞。動詞所表達(dá)的動作返回到動作者本身反身代詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其形式如下表：單數(shù)：myself 、yourself 、himself 、herself 、itself

11、 、復(fù)數(shù)：ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves其構(gòu)成規(guī)那么是： 第一、二人稱：在形容詞性物主代詞后加self 或 selves第三人稱：在人稱代詞賓格后加self或 selves反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。1. 作賓語，反身代詞的最主要功能就是作賓語。 He taught himself English.I cut myself this morning.Would you please express yourself in English? Help yourself to some tea. The boy is too young to loo

12、k after himself. 介詞賓語 Dont think too much of yourself.(介詞賓語)2. 作表語。 She is not quite herself today. The woman in the picture is myself.3. 作同位語，強(qiáng)調(diào)和反身代詞同位的名詞或代詞。 1)、和主語同位.。They themselves wanted to go together.I myself washed the clothes.You youfself said so.He himself was a doctor. 作主語同位語時(shí)，可放主語之后也可放句

13、末。 She taught her English herself.She herself told me the news. 2)、和賓語同位Youd better ask the doctor herself. 4.要牢記反身代詞與及物動詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配:注意：enjoy oneself=have a good time (過得很愉快) by oneself=alone (單獨(dú)、單獨(dú)) help oneself to (隨便吃/喝 些.) learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自學(xué))look oneself 照顧自己 come to ones

14、elf 蘇醒過來 wash oneself (自己洗澡)5.反身代詞常和介詞構(gòu)成習(xí)慣用語，by oneself for oneself 單獨(dú)地say to oneself 自言自語among themselves 他們之間6.反身代詞不能單獨(dú)作主語。 Myself did it. (錯(cuò)) I myself did it. (對) 四. 指示代詞指示代詞是用來指代上下文中出現(xiàn)的人或事的代詞。單數(shù) this， that， it， such , same 復(fù)數(shù) these， those such same 1. 在句中起名詞作用，作主語、賓語、表語；也可起形容詞作用，作定語。 This is an

15、apple. Thats a good idea. 主語 I like this and he likes that. Will you tell me all about that. 賓語和介詞賓語 The reason is this, 表語 These bags are very heavy. Who will talk with that man. 定語 2.指示代詞在作主語時(shí)可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物，不能指人， That is my teacher. (對)那是我的老師。 that作主語，指人 He is going to marry this girl. (對)他

16、要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。this作限定詞 She is going to marry this. (錯(cuò))this作賓語時(shí)不能指人 I bought this. (對)我買這個(gè)。(this指物，可作賓語)3.this和these一般用來指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those那么指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人. I want this one,not that one.This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are busy these days. In those days the workers had a hard time. 4. 有時(shí)that和

17、those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these那么是指下面將要講到的事物. I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. He was ill yesterday .I am sorry to hear that.Tell the children to do like this: put up this stickWhat I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English. 5. 有時(shí)為了防止重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat 指代前文同類

18、的不可數(shù)名詞，those代替前文同類的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。用 the one 指代與前文同類的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. The boxes are heavier than those on the desk. The population of China is large than that of Japan. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than that in Shanghai. 6. t

19、his 在 用語中代表自己，that 那么代表對方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 7、That和those可作定語從句的先行詞，但this和 these不能，同時(shí)，在作先行詞時(shí)，只有those可指人，試比擬： He admired that which looked beautiful. (對)他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。He admired those who looked beautiful. (對)他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。those指人 8.it 指人時(shí)也可作為指示代詞看待。 Who is it? Its me. Oh,Its

20、you, Zhang Ling. 9.such 和 same 也是指示代詞。他們的單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。 Such are the results.(主) The same may be said of his sister.(主) His mistake is not such that he cant overcome it.(表語) Our coats are the same. (表語) Take from the bag such as you need.(賓語) My sister cut the cake and her child did the

21、 same. (賓語) I have met many such people.(定語) We go to the same school. (定語)注意：1、such 作定語時(shí)，如果名詞前有不定冠詞，那么such 放在不定冠詞前面。 I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 2、在same 之前，一定要用定冠詞the。五. 不定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，具有名詞和形容詞性質(zhì)，并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分，沒有確定的對象而有非確定的特指意義。在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語?，F(xiàn)將幾個(gè)常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：1. some

22、與any 1)some any相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞，作定語時(shí)均可以代替可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。some多用于肯定句，可作主語、賓語、表語、定語。表示“一些，幾個(gè)。作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞;可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.Some of the boys are good at swimming.any多用于疑問句、否認(rèn)句和條件狀語從句中，表示“一些，任何，在句中用作主語、賓語、定語。用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單

23、數(shù)動詞;可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 Any of you can do it.Have you got any colour chalk?Are there any stamps in your drawer?2、if 引導(dǎo)的條件句中，用any 不用some. If you have any money,buy some books. If you have any questions, please ask me.3、:在表示請求、勸告、邀請、或不希望對方拒絕的疑問句中用some而不用any 。 Will you give me some water? Would you like some me

24、at? Could I have some apples? May I ask some questions?Why not buy some fruit for her? 4、some 和any 可以用來修飾單數(shù)名詞,any 用在肯定句中時(shí)，意思是“任何的。 Any student can answer this question. You can take any book you like. Some day Chinese people will fly to the moon. You may come at any time.5、any 也可與比擬級連用，表示程度。Is she a

25、ny better taday?2. few, a few, little, a little 用法 用于可數(shù)名詞 用于不可數(shù)名詞 表示肯定概念 a few雖少，但有幾個(gè) a little，雖少，但有一點(diǎn)表示否認(rèn)概念 few不多，幾乎沒有 little不多，沒有什么1)、它們在句中都可作主語、賓語和定語。 Few of us have been to Beijing. I know little about the book. There is a little water in thia bottle. He has few friends. 2、a little和little也可以用作副詞

26、，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微，little表示“很少。 I'm a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比擬級) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, others, the others, another, other 某一個(gè)，另一些，其他的。不能單獨(dú)使用，后面需跟單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，泛指別的。 others 其它。必須單獨(dú)使用，泛指別人或

27、別的東西。常用于“some others結(jié)構(gòu)。the other 兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)，剩下的一個(gè)。特指。常用于“one the other 結(jié)構(gòu)。the others 其他全部，其余的。表示在一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的其他全部。The other + 單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示在一定范圍內(nèi)的另一個(gè)或幾個(gè)，特指。another另一個(gè)指多個(gè)中的任何一個(gè)可單獨(dú)用，也可接單數(shù)名詞，還可接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示另幾個(gè)，再幾個(gè)。 Where are his other books? Some are red,and others are black. She has two sisters,one is a nurse ,the oth

28、er is a teacher. Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. Would you have another cup of tea?You can see another ship in the sea, can't you? Show me another one,please? I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give m

29、e another.4. every與eacheach 每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別情況。主、賓、定、狀,可單獨(dú)使用,可做代名詞、形容詞、用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物。every 每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，“每個(gè)都“人人都，只作定語，不可單獨(dú)使用，僅作形容詞，用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人或物。The teacher gave a toy to each child.Each ball has a different colour.(定)I gave each an apple when they came.(賓)當(dāng)我們說each child, each student或each teacher時(shí)，我們想到的是

30、一個(gè)人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說every child和every student時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.1)、只能說each of , 不能說every of ,every one = each Each of the rooms can hold twenty people.主2、

31、each every 作定語時(shí)，后加單數(shù)名詞；each作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Each student has a book. Every student has a book.3表達(dá)“每幾個(gè)，只能用every Every four days 每四天 Every other day 每隔一天 Every few metres 每隔幾米5. all,both,none,either,neither的用法。1)all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。both 兩個(gè)人或事物，對兩者的肯定none 三者或三者以上都不，是all的

32、全部否認(rèn)式，后不直接接名詞，需加of 再加名詞，動詞可單可復(fù)。either 對兩者之一的肯定，neither 對兩者的否認(rèn)，是both 的全部否認(rèn)式作主語 All of us like Mr Pope. = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語) Either ( of the books) will do .Neither (of the books)is correct. Neither of us enjoy getting up early. Both of you are right.作賓語 I will take both of them with me. You

33、make take either with you.I agree with neither of you.I have forgotten all about it.作定語 Both seats are taken. You may take either road. There are trees on either side (=on both sides). Neither seat is taken. All students like the film.1)、作主語時(shí)，all,both 后的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，neither,either后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。2、bothall還可以做主

34、語和賓語的同位語You and I are both correct.The food is not enough for us all.作同位語時(shí)的位置：A、在be 后 B、在實(shí)義動詞前 C、在第一個(gè)動詞后3作定語時(shí)，either neither 后面加單數(shù)名詞，both只能和復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，而all 可以和單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞搭配。There are trees on both sides of the road.He has lived here all his life.He has spent all the money on the books.4)all 作主語表示“整個(gè)事物時(shí)，動詞用

35、單數(shù)All the water has been used up. (作主語) All I know is that he knew this. 5)both,all 加否認(rèn)是局部否認(rèn)，如果要表示全部否認(rèn)，分別用neither ,none. Both of us are not teachers. 并不是我倆都教書。局部否認(rèn) Neither of us is a teacher. 全部否認(rèn) All of the books are not Chinese books. 這些書中有些不是漢語的。 None of the books are Chinese books. 這些書中沒有一本是漢語的。

36、 6)并列連詞的使用 Either or Either you or I am right. neither nor Neither my sister nor I am right. both and Both he and I know this teacher.6、not 用在動詞后，組成否認(rèn)句no = not any ,not a 在句中只能用作定語，修飾可數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞。none是all 的反義詞，可作主語和賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)動詞用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞時(shí)動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。Mike has no sister.There is no water in the well.Jim h

37、as no brothers or sisters.He had no money for books.None have (has) arrived yet.None of the stories ia (are) interesting.Ive read none of the books.7、one 指代上文提到過的單數(shù)名詞。ones 指代上文提到過的復(fù)數(shù)名詞This book is better than that one.He doesnt want the small apples,he wants the big ones.1)、one 可用來泛指任何人，可作賓語、主語，并有所有

38、格ones (作定語)和反身代詞oneself(作主語、賓語)。 One should do ones (his) duty.2)如果前句中提到的單數(shù)名詞是可數(shù)的，就多用one 來代替，如果該名詞是不可數(shù)的，就多用that 來代替。 The population of New York is larger than that of London.8、much 只修飾不可數(shù)名詞，much watermany 只修飾可數(shù)名詞， many books 比擬： a lot of lots of 可接可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但一般只用于肯定句、在疑問句或否認(rèn)句中，那么用much 和many。9、復(fù)合不定代

39、詞由some ,any , no, every加上-body ,-one,-thing構(gòu)成。1).在句中作主、賓、表。復(fù)合不定代詞一般用作單數(shù)。Nobody is absent.Do you need anything?Grammer is not everything.2)、復(fù)合不定代詞被定語修飾時(shí)，定語須放在它們后面。There is nothing wrong with the radio.Is there anything important?Anything else？ 3由some 組成的不定代詞用于肯定句，由any 合成的不定代詞用于否認(rèn)句，疑問和條件句，有些疑問句在表示請求、建

40、議和反問時(shí)，也可以用some 合成的不定代詞。4).everyone 每一個(gè)人，人人， 大家，單獨(dú)使用，不可接of 短語。every one 一個(gè)人，一件事情。一般要接of 短語。5，由any 合成的不定代詞，不能在否認(rèn)句中作主語。 如：不能說： Anybody doesnt go to see the film. 而應(yīng)改成： Nobody goes to see the film. 10、all,whole 不能直接與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，不能直接修飾專有名詞。all China = the whole of Chinaall the world =the whole worldall the ti

41、me = the whole time all the class = the whole classall the way = the whole waythe whole nation, the whole country11、suchsameI have never seen such a film.Such is our plan.such as He needs such a book as mine.such . that He is such a kind man that everyonf likes him.same; 必須和the 連用adj, They left on t

42、he same day.Pron, Ill do the same as you.12、表示不定量的短語A以下短語替代或修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：few , a few quite a few , only a few , several, many, a large (great) number of (許多) a couple of 兩三個(gè)hundreds of 成百的B、以下短語謂語動詞用單數(shù)many a +單數(shù)名詞the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 C以下短語直接替代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù) a little little, a bit, less, least, much, not a little 許多 not a bit 一點(diǎn)也沒有 a bit 后一般帶of + 名詞，其它的不定量詞只有在接代詞或特定范圍時(shí)用of. the amount of 后接物質(zhì)、錢、數(shù)的總量。六. 相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形式。1、作賓語： each other 兩個(gè)人的關(guān)系one another 兩個(gè)以上的人之間的相互關(guān)系在當(dāng)代英語中，each other和one another在運(yùn)用中沒有什么區(qū)別。Did you know each other at that time?The st