(完整版)高一英語必修三第一單元重要知識點講解

1、 Unit 1 重要單詞，詞組講解 1. mean的用法 What do you mean to do with it? I didn't mean to hurt you. 1）mean to do意欲做 This means staying here longer. another hour. Missing the train means waiting for 2）mean doing意味著做 He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school. 適合做 Be meant for 他說他不

2、適合讀書因為懶。 He says he _ a student for his laziness. 這次考試失敗意味著要再考一次。 Failing this exam _ another one. 我并不是故意遲到的。 I didn't _ be late for school. 2. celebrate vt. (1) 慶祝；祝賀 celebrate Christmas / one's birthday / a victory (成功) (2) 贊揚；稱頌 The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets. 詞語辨析：c

3、elebrate, congratulate celebrate后常接日期,事情或場合 congratulate后常接人 表示為某事而祝賀某人congratulate sb. on/upon sth. ex：congratulate you on your marriage. 有時還表示私自慶幸的意思。 ex：I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished. 3. 英語中表示“發(fā)生”的詞或短語均為不及物，不用于被動語態(tài)。主語為所發(fā)生的事。詞語辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about, bre

4、ak out的比較 1）The wedding will take place tomorrow. 2）In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China. take place發(fā)生,舉行; 側重安排或計劃而發(fā)生的事,帶有“非偶然”的意思 3) What has happened to her？碰巧，恰好 happen “發(fā)生”，普通用詞，含義很廣。常指具體客觀事物或情況的發(fā)生，含有“偶然”的意味。 當以具體事物、事件作主語時，happen 和 occur可以換用；但當happen用作“碰巧”之意時，不能用occur代替，但可以與come abo

5、ut 互換。 4) It happened to rain that day. 5) The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday. 1 occur “發(fā)生，出現”,較正式用詞，指事情偶然地、意外地發(fā)生或思想突然浮在心頭。occur to 有“想起”的意思。 6) The Second World War broke out in 1939. break out (火災、戰(zhàn)爭、疾病)突然發(fā)生、爆發(fā) 7) How does it come about that you were caught by the police? come about “發(fā)生”,

6、往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因。且很多時候與how 連用。與happen 用法較接近 用take place , happen 和 come about 的正確形式填空 1. The May 4th Movement _ in 1919. 2. If anything _ to the machine, let me know at once. 3. The opening day of the play _ tomorrow night. 4. Can you tell me how it _? 4. starve: vt.使餓死 vi.餓得要死starve to death be starved

7、of/ starve for: 渴望 她很寂寞，渴望友誼：She is lonely, starving for friendship. The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection. 渴望母愛 他們在沙漠中迷路而餓死。 他們正急需一大筆錢來完成工作。 They got lost in the desert and _. They are _ a sum of money to finish their work. n. starvation 餓死：die of _ 5. a year/ day of

8、plenty 富裕/豐收的年月 days/ years of plenty Have we got enough apples? Yes, there are plenty in the basket. plenty of +復數n/ 不可數n plenty of eggs/ food/milk 足夠的 6. honour 1) 光榮，榮譽(n) They fight for the honour of the country. One must show honour to one's parents. 2) in honour of 為了紀念 A festival is set i

9、n honour of the hero. 3) an hounour 光榮的人或事情 Liu Xiang is an honour to our country. 4) 尊敬,給以榮譽（v） Children should honour their parents. 7. satisfy Vt. Vi. 使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足 2 Nothing can satisfy him except the best. Some people are really hard to satisfy. sb.be satisfied with 對滿意 e.g. She's not satisfied w

10、ith her new house. 令人滿意的： satisfying, satisfactory 滿意：satisfaction 8. please Vt 使愉快，取悅 It is difficult to please everybody. Our aim is to please the customers. pleased (人) 高興的愉快的 Pleasing (物) 令人愉快的 pleasant (物) 好聽的，令人舒服的 pleasure 高興的事情 聽到她悅耳的聲音我們很高興. We are _ to hear her _voice. It is such a _ to us

11、. I was very _ to hear the news. The news was very _ to us. 9. harm n 損害，傷害 e.g. He meant no harm to you. ( He didn't intend to hurt you.) do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sb The events has harmed the relations between the two countries. 10. They offer food, flowers and gift. 詞語辨析：offer, provide,

12、supply offer 主動提供。offer sth to sb; offer sb sth provide 供給（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。 provide sth (for sb); provide sb with sth. supply: 供應（所需要或所要求之物）。 supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth When I meet difficulty, my roommates will_me help. 他們懸賞找回丟失的珠寶。 They_a reward for the return of the lost jewels. 政府得提供這些老人們吃

13、穿。 The government need to_these old people with food and clothes. 每個月都得供應足夠的電。 Electricity should be _enough every month. 11. in memory of = to the memory of sb The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist. in honor of in charge of 3 in search of sb. / sth. 12. dress up 盛裝打扮，化裝打扮 You don&#

14、39;t have to dress up. Come as you are. Children love dressing up in Halloween. dress oneself 給某人自己穿衣 dress sb 給某人穿衣服 你認識穿著白色裙子的那個女孩嗎？ Do you know the girl who is dressed in a white skirt? Do you know the girl who is wearing a white skirt? Do you know the girl who has on a white skirt? 選詞填空：wear dre

15、ss have on put on 1. My daughter is now able to herself. 2. Mr. Wu always a blue coat in Winter. 3.Xiao Wang a white shirt today. 4.I like to my hat when I go out in Winter. 13. award n. 獎品，獎項，獎金, 助學金 She showed us the awards she had won. Mary got an award and was able to finish her study. vt. 授予裁定

16、award sb sth= award sth to sb The judges awarded both teams equal points. reward 回報,報酬 他因為努力學習而受獎。 他用100塊錢酬謝這個工人。 He _ for studying hard. He _ the worker with 100 yuan. 14. admire sb/sth (for ) 欽佩，羨慕 They admired our garden. I admire him for his success in business. 我們都欽佩他的勇氣和膽識。 We all _his courage

17、 and bravery. admiration 名詞 admirable 形容詞 15. look forward to(介詞) + n/ v-ing 盼望，期待 I'm looking forward to his coming. 以下短語中的to也為介詞，后面加doing，而不是do pay attention to 注意 devoteto 致力于 prefer to 更加喜歡 get down to 開始做 be used to 習慣于 -ward 向著方向 4 backward 向后 forward 向前 16. as though= as if 好像，仿佛 1. 虛擬語氣(

18、從句所用的時態(tài)比前面真實句所用的時態(tài)倒退一個時態(tài).) He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened. He talks as if/though he knew everything. He looks as if he were ill. 2. 陳述語氣（表示很可能的事實就用陳述語氣,) It looks as if/ though it is going to rain. 1.）他向我招手好像有事情告訴我。 He waved to me as if to tell me something. 2.） 這女孩環(huán)顧四周好像在找什么東西。 The g

19、irl looked around as if in search of something. 3.) 他說起來好像他是一個專家似的。 He talks as if he _ an expert. 4.) 他英語講得很流利，就像在英國學的一樣。 He spoke English so fluently as if he _ it in England. 5.) 看起來我們對要贏了。 It looks as if our team _. 17. turn up 1) appear 出現,露面 他到目前還沒有出現。 He _so far. 你總是遲到!(做事慢慢吞吞的) You're al

20、ways _ late for everything! 2)調大聲音，把.開大點兒 請把火調大一點。 Please _ the fire. 相關短語: turn down 關小，拒絕 turn off 關掉 turn on 打開 turn out 結果是 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 18. keep one's word 守信用, 遵守諾言 break one's word 違背諾言 in a word 簡言之 in other words 換句話說 have a word with sb. 與某人交談 have words with sb. (abo

21、ut sth.) 關于某事與某人爭吵 我想和你談一下。 I'd like to _ with you. 5 A gentleman should always _ his _. A. keeps; word B. keep; word C. keeps; words D. keep; words 19. hold one's breath 屏息 當那個女孩看到那條蛇的時候，她屏住呼吸。 The girl _ at the sight of the snake. take breath 呼吸 lose one's breath= be out of breath 喘不過氣

22、來 breathe v. breath n. When we got to the top of the mountain, we were nearly _. ? A. under our breath B. lost our breath ? C. caught our breath D. out of breath 20. apologize 道歉 apologize to sb for (doing) sth = say sorry to sb for doing sth 你必須為你的粗魯行為向老師道歉。 You must apologize _ the teacher _ being

23、 so rude. apology n. make an apology to sb for (doing) sth. 21. drown (drowned, drowned )浸、泡, 淹沒,淹死 洪水淹沒了街道和房子。 The floods _ the streets and houses. 借 消愁 drown one's sorrow/sadness in drown one's sorrow/sadness in coffee Frank tried to save the _ girl in the river, but unfortunately he was _

24、. A. drowned; drowning B. drowning; drowned C. drowned; drowned D. drowning; drowning 22. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. 明顯的，清楚的 . obvious adjIt + be + obvious +that-clause It was obvious that she was in danger. 23. wipe (wiped, wiped) Vt 擦，擦去 ?

25、wipe off 抹掉，擦掉 6 ? wipe up 擦干凈，殲滅 The students on duty _ the blackboard during break. A. Wiped the words off B. washed C. Cleaned D. A and C clean the blackboard wipe the words off the blackboard 24. remind sb. of sth 提醒某人某事 remind sb. to do sth remind sb. that 1) 他提醒我那個承諾。He reminded me of my promi

26、se. 2) 他提醒我要早起。He reminded me to get up early. 3) 他提醒我本應該小心點。He reminded that I should have been more careful. 25. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought. set off: 動身, 出發(fā); (側重去某一個地方）； 使（地雷、炸彈）爆炸; Tom and his father set off for America yesterday. The bomb set off among the crowd. 相關短語： set about doi

27、ng sth. = set out to do sth 著手（做某事） 26. 用custom, practice 和 habit 1）I have the _ of getting up early. 2） It is the _ for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall. 3） Social _ differ from country to country. 4） He makes a _ of cheating at examinations. 5） We should pay _ when we

28、 import from abroad. #.custom 指傳統(tǒng)風俗、習俗，也可指生活習慣，后接不定式。 #.practice 習俗，慣例; 與custom近義，但含貶義。 make a practice of 慣常做某事。 #.habit 生活習慣，后接of doing, 不可接不定式。 選詞填空： worldwide/ permission/ apologize/ drown/sadness/ wipe/weep / forgive/ obvious/ turn up/ keep one's word/ hold one's breath/ set off/ remind

29、of 1) You shouldn't tell such lies. 2) They entered the area without . 3) The poor man is his sorrows. 4) His fame is . 5) The man should to you for knocking you down. 6) He can't himself for not seeing his mother before she died. 7 7) He is always waiting for something to . 8) The children

30、are fireworks in the garden. 9) You may depend on what he says, for he is a person who always . 10) The race was so close that everyone was at the finish. 11) The film him what he had seen in China. 選用下列單詞的正確形式填空： ancestor belief gather agricultural admire award starve mean 1. She has been a_ a scho

31、larship to study at Harvard. 2. The a_of whom I am proudest is my great grandfather. 3. When a boy leaves college and begins to earn money, he can live a life of i_. 4. Dark clouds were g_in the sky. Heavy rain would come soon. 5. I like to take some e_ exercise at weekends. 6. A_ in this country ha

32、s developed greatly after liberation. 用下列短語造句： in memory of dress up as if play a trick on look forward to day and night have fun with 1. A celebration was held _ (為了紀念這位著名的作家). 2. Children love _ (打扮) . 3. The naughty students _ (正在和他們的老師玩惡作劇). 4. I am _ (盼望著見到他 ). 5. The three men took turns drivi

33、ng the truck, and _ (他們夜以繼日地駕駛了三天). 6. It looks _ _ (好像他們都很著急). 7. At the Spring Festival in China, people love to get together to eat, drink and _ (彼此都玩得很開心). 語法：情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)助動詞有十三個： may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. ·情態(tài)動詞的語法特征 1） 情態(tài)動詞 不能單獨做謂語，

34、除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。 2） 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數的變化，但有些情態(tài)動詞，如can、will也有一般式和過去式的變化。 3） 情態(tài)動詞的“時態(tài)”形式并不是時間區(qū)別的主要標志，不少情況下，情態(tài)動詞的現在式形式和過去式形式都可用來表示現在時間、過去時間和將來時間。 can, could 和be able to的用法 8 1.can, be able to都可表示“能力” Can的主語是人或物,be able to的主語是人 She can/be able to sing the song in English. This machine can make yo

35、u feel comfortable. 2.can只用于現在式和過去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。 We'll be able to finish the work soon. I haven't been able to see the film. could用于表示泛指過去的能力。如： I could read when I was four. Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened. She ran fast but she cou

36、ldn't /wasn't able to catch the bus. 3.表示特定的某一過去能力或表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。 He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. He was able to swim halfway before he got tired. 4.could不表示時態(tài) ,表示委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 Could I have a look at your notebook? Yes, you can./No, y

37、ou can't. 5.表示“驚異,懷疑,不相信”的態(tài)度(主要用于否定句,疑問句和感嘆句中) Can this news be true? How can you be so foolish? It can't be Mary. She has fallen ill. 6.表示推測，譯為“可能、或許”，can常用于否定句(意思是不可能已經)和疑問句；could除用于否定句及疑問句外,還可用于肯定句(意思是那時可能;本來可以)。 Linda didn't catch the train. She could have caught it. Don't worry.

38、 They could have just forgotten to phone. may和might 1. may和might 用于一般問句中表示委婉的請求,肯定回答用may,否定用mustn't -May I use your pencil? -Yes, you may./ No, you mustn't. 2. may和might表示“可能性”, may/might + v 指現在或將來可能發(fā)生的動作情況。might暗示的可能性更小 She may not be working now. John might be at home now. 3.對過去發(fā)生的事情的可能性作

39、出判斷用may/might have done,用might比用may的可能性更小 She may/might have gone to the cinema. They may/might not have received our telephone. 4.may 放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! May God bless you! Will 和 would 1.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各種人稱 9 If you will help me with my English, I will be very happy. I promised th

40、at I would do my best. 2.在疑問句中,will用于第二人稱,表示請求或征求意見,would則語氣更委婉 Will you tell him the news as soon as he comes back？ Would you please speak again more slowly？ shall ,should 和ought to 1.shall用于第二、三人稱表示允諾、警告、命令、決心等。 You shall do as I say. (命令) Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允諾) Nothin

41、g shall stop me doing it. (決心) 2.在疑問句中,用于第一、三人稱，用來表示請求或征求意見。 Shall I open the window for you？（征求意見） Shall he fetch some water for you？（請求） 3. should常表示勸告、建議、命令，與ought to意義相近，但ought to多表示責任、義務，語氣強烈。在疑問句中通常用should代替ought to。 Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey l

42、aw. You ought not to go. 4.should/ought to have done表示責備或批評,意為“本應該做到但沒有做到”,用于否定則表示“本不該但”ought to的語氣更強烈. You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier. She shouldn't have left without saying a word. must 和have to 1.Must用于一般問句中,肯定回答用must否定式用 needn't或don't have to，做“不 必”,mustn't表示

43、“禁止，不允許” Must I finish all assignments at a time? Yes, you must. No, you needn't. You mustn't get down while the car is still moving. 2.表示“必須”這個意思時，must 和have to 稍有區(qū)別。must著重說明主觀看法，have to 強調客觀需要。另外，have to 能用于更多時態(tài)。 I don't like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home. 3.must表示對某人某事的猜測， 作“準是”，“一定” ，一般用于肯定句中。對過去發(fā)生的事情作肯定判斷用must have done You must be the new teacher. He must b