英語表語從句講解及練習

1、表語從句表語從句 一、定義： 1.表語從句就是用一個句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當，和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。Eg:The problem is puzzling. 這問題令人困惑 主語 連系動詞 形容詞作表語The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 問題是什么時候我們可以得到加薪.主語 連系動詞 一個句子作表語-表語從句2.連接表語從句的連接詞有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether,how.He has become a teac

2、her. 他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。 He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。She has remained there for an hour. 她曾在那里停留了一個小時。 She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour. 她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一個小時。His suggestion is good. 他的建議是好的。His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建議是，我們應該保持冷靜。The q

3、uestion is when he can arrive at the hotel. 問題是，他什么時候可以到達酒店。 who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. 誰與我明天將前往北京。 why he cried yesterday. 昨天他為什么哭。 how I can persuade her to join us in the party. 我怎么能說服她加入我們的派對。 whether the enemy is marching towards us. 是否敵人正向我們行進.二 注意：1.表語從句一定要用陳述語序。False: The q

4、uestion is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2.不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外）。引導賓語從句時可以互換if/whether 位于介詞后要用whether ,位于句首時要用whether 引導表語從句，主語從句，同位語從句時要用whetherFalse: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whet

5、her the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.3.不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.4.that在表語從句中不可以省掉。 表語從句的基本用法:表語從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動詞只能是聯(lián)系動詞。名詞性

6、從句在be等系動詞后作表語時被稱為表語從句.例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need. (how 在表語從句中充當方式狀語)問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西。 The scissors are not what I need. (what 在表語從句中充當賓語)這把剪刀不是我所需要的。 What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語， that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分， 不能省略

7、) That is what I want to tell you. (what在表語從句中充當直接賓語)那就是我想要對你講的。 That is why she failed to pass the exam. (why 在表語從句中充當原因狀語) 那就是她考試不及格的原因。注意： “That is why.”是常用句型， 意為“這就是的原因/因此”， 其中why引導的名詞性從句在句中作表語， 該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進行總結(jié)，又如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne. (前文提到Jeanne對老

8、婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異， 說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來進行概括)。That is why I came. 這就是我來的原因。下面是兩個與“That is why.”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu)， 它們與“That is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚： (1)“That is why.”與“That is the reason why.”同義， 只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講， “That is the reason why.”中why引導的是個定語從句，將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣， 例如： That is (the reason) why I c

9、annot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。(2)“That is because.”句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語， 這也是個常用句型， 意為“這就是為什么/因為”。“That is because.”與“That is why.”之間的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果， 例如： He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homewor

10、k.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影， 那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè)。(第一句話說明結(jié)果， 第二句話說明原因)He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影， 因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因， 第二句話說明結(jié)果)例題精析：考題1 The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)A. when B. why C. whether D. th

11、at答案 D解析 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句， 如果看不出它是充當整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思。因此， 應選擇可引導名詞性從句且不充當任何成分的that?？碱}2 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (2004)A. why B. where C. what D. how答案 B解析 下劃線處的引導詞引導系動詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語(“disagree”屬于不及物動詞， “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu))， 下劃線應填入

12、引導詞where， 表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”?？碱}3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? (1999)A. why B. when C. what D. where答案 A解析 下劃線處的引導詞引導與系動詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當原因狀語， 下劃線應填入表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導詞why?？碱}4 _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and

13、fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that答案 A解析 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當賓語， 特指她所不理解的事情， 應填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導詞what； 第二個下劃線處表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的后果， 由why引導對應的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么”(指原因、 理由， 由because引導對應的名詞性從句)， 應填入引導詞why?？碱}5 _ made the school proud w

14、as _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because答案 B解析 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當主語， 特指令校方驕傲的事情， 應選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導詞what； 第二個下劃線處引導表語從句表示原因、 理由， 應由that引導對應的名詞性從句。考題6 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game

15、? Oh, thats _. (2003北京春)A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited答案 A解析 A選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”； B選項的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事物”； C選項的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”； D選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的時間”。四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應， 充當表語從句。表語從句與賓語從句的關(guān)系賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充

16、當賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當表語的句子叫表語從句。賓語從句 (1)對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點 語序: 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序, 即“主語 + 謂語”這種形式。 時態(tài): 當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候, 從句可以是任何時態(tài), 而當主句是一般過去時的時候, 從句, 從句時態(tài)必須是過去時范圍的時態(tài), 即(一般過去時, 過去進行時, 過去完成時, 過去將來時)。 連接詞: 當從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時, 連接詞用that, 且可以省去, 當從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時, 常用if或whether(是否), 當從句意思不完整時, 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞。 表語

17、從句 在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動詞的后面。表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同。也是名詞性從句的一種。 如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么時候進的房間。 The The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金。 This This is what we should do這是我們應當做的。 That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。 His Hi

18、s first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一個問題是史密斯先生到了沒有。 注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序，即陳述語序。 as as if, as though, because也可用來引導表語從句。 She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了一件大事。 It It is because you eat too much那是因為你吃得太多了。1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.

19、A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can

20、 get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is_I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. lik

21、e C. as D. as though9.I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because10. The reason why he hasnt come is _.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes

22、 the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why that/what的區(qū)別1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are2. The trouble is_we are short of to

23、ols.A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ .A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be5. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what6. The energy is _ makes the