14 專題十四并列句和復合句

1、欄目索引專題十四專題十四并列句和復合句并列句和復合句總綱目錄欄目索引總綱目錄總綱目錄考點一考點二并列句復合句賓語從句考點三考點四復合句狀語從句復合句定語從句總綱目錄欄目索引考點2018年賓語從句狀語從句34題27題31題2017年河南省五年中考統(tǒng)計2016年35題30題2015年35題30題2014年35題34題合計45中考預測定語從句并列句33題33題32題33題30題5考情分析考情分析1.河南五年中考對并列句和復合句的考查主要集中在對賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句的考查上。2.2019年中考對復合句的考查仍將集中在對賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句的考查上。3.對賓語從句的考查主要集中在時態(tài)、語

2、序和連接詞上;對定語從句的考查主要集中在對關(guān)系詞的選用上;對狀語從句的考查主要集中在對從屬連詞的選用上考點突破欄目索引考點突破考點一考點一并列句并列句命題檔案命題檔案1.(2018河南商丘一模)Its 9 oclock.Im afraid I have to leave,late for the plane.Have a nice trip.A.so答案答案B.andC.butD.orDIll beD句意:現(xiàn)在九點鐘。我恐怕不得不離開,否則我會趕不上飛機了。祝你旅行愉快。so 因此;and 而且;but 但是;or 否則,根據(jù)句意可知答案為D項?？键c突破欄目索引2.(2018河南平頂山一模)L

3、i Rong passed her mother her glass Basked for some more tea.A.butB.andC.orD.if答案答案B句意:李榮遞給她媽媽她的玻璃杯再要些茶。后;or或者;if如果。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B項。but但是;and而且,然考點突破欄目索引3.(2017河南安陽一模)A common teacher tells you the truth,teacher teaches you how to find it.Can excellent A.andB.soC.butD.or答案答案C句意:一名普通老師告訴你真理,但一名優(yōu)秀教師教你如何發(fā)現(xiàn)真

4、理。根據(jù)句意可知,選C。4.Wang Hui is my friend, Ahe is not in my class.A.butB.orC.soD.if答案答案A句意:王輝是我的朋友,但他和我不在一個班。則;so因此;if如果。根據(jù)題意可知選A。考點突破欄目索引but但是;or或者,否考點突破欄目索引5.Leave the reference books behind,Ayou wont be able to think indepen-dently.A.orB.andC.soD.but 答案答案A句意:不要用參考書,否則你將無法獨立思考。本題考查連詞。否則;and 并且,和;so因此;bu

5、t但是。根據(jù)句意可知答案為A項。or 名師精講名師精講并列句的構(gòu)成及用法并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接而成。并列句中各簡單句的地位同等重要,相互之間是平行并列的關(guān)系?？键c突破欄目索引考點突破欄目索引1.構(gòu)成:簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句。2.常見的用于連接兩個簡單句的并列連詞有:and, but, or, so ,for。(1)and意為“和,并且”,表示順延、并列關(guān)系。如:Study hard, and youll make progress.努力學習,你就會取得進步。(2)but意為“但是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。如:I like the story very much, but Li Ming

6、 isnt interested in it.我非常喜歡這個故事,可是李明卻對它不感興趣。(3)or意為“或者”時,表示選擇關(guān)系,意為“否則”時,有警告、提醒之意。如:考點突破欄目索引Hurry up, or youll be late.快點兒,否則你會遲到的。(4)so意為“所以;因此;于是”,for意為“因為”,二者都表示因果關(guān)系。如:He got up late, so he was late for class.他起晚了,所以他上課遲到了。I have to stay up, for I have a lot of work to do.我不得不熬夜,因為我有許多工作要做?？键c突破欄目

7、索引3.“祈使句+and/or+簡單句”是固定句型,此句型中的祈使句在意義上相當于一個if引導的條件狀語從句。如:Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.快點兒,否則你會遲到的?？键c突破欄目索引考點二考點二命題檔案命題檔案復合句復合句賓語從句賓語從句A. I have some good news for 1.(2018河南平頂山一模)Please tell me Sorry,I dont know.A.where Jim livesB.where does Jim liveC.where Jim live

8、d D.where did Jim live答案答案A句意:請告訴我Jim住在哪兒。我有一些好消息給他。對不起,我不知道。本題考查賓語從句。賓語從句應用陳述句語序,又根據(jù)句意可知答案為A項?？键c突破欄目索引2.I just came back from Shanghai Disneyland. Can you guess C?Ive no idea. But it cant be cheap. Ive heard everything is very expensive there.A.how I came back homeB.how many days I stayed thereD.wh

9、en I came backC.how much I paid for the Mickey Mouse toy答案答案C句意:我剛剛從上海迪士尼樂園回來。你能猜出我買這個米老鼠玩具花了多少錢嗎?我不知道。但它不可能是便宜的。我聽說那兒的一切東西都很貴。本題考查賓語從句。賓語從句應用陳述句語序且根據(jù)句意可知答案為C項?？键c突破欄目索引3.What did Miss Yao say just now?She told us C.A.why was Mary late for schoolB.whether we had too much homeworkC.that we would have

10、an English test soonD.how did she come to school this morning答案答案C句意:剛才姚老師說什么了?她告訴我們,我們馬上將要進行英語考試了。本題考查賓語從句。賓語從句應用陳述句語序,故排除A、D項,又根據(jù)句意可知答案為C項?？键c突破欄目索引4.Id like to know BMaybe in the forest.A.whether we will go camping B.where we will go campingC.whether will we go camping D.where will we go camping答案

11、答案B句意:我想知道我們?nèi)ツ睦镆盃I?；蛟S在森林里。考查賓語從句。賓語從句應用陳述句語序,排除C和D;根據(jù)答句“或許在森林里”可知是問“去哪里野營”,故選B?？键c突破欄目索引名師精講名師精講一、賓語從句的引導詞及其作用考點突破欄目索引引導詞that引導詞的作用本身無意義,只起連接作用 ,口語中可省略例句He said(that)Kate was good at swimming. 他說凱特擅長游泳。what,which,who,whose,whom 等在從句中作一定的成分 ,如主語、賓語、定語等I dont know what they are going to do. 我不知道他們打算干什么。

12、when(表時間),where(表地點),why(表原因),how(表方式)等在從句中作狀語He wants to know where we will go. 他想知道我們要去什么地方。He explained how the system worked. 他講解了該系統(tǒng)是如何運轉(zhuǎn)的。if/whether意為“是否” ,在從句中不作成分 ,但不能省略He asked me if Miss Wei was a teacher.他問我魏小姐是否是一名教師?？键c突破欄目索引二、賓語從句中常見的問題1.主句與從句時態(tài)一致的問題(1)如果主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時態(tài)(包括一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時),

13、那么賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我記得他昨天給了我一本書。He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我明天他就要動身去紐約了。(2)如果主句是過去的某種時態(tài)(包括一般過去時、過去進行時),那么賓語從句一般要用過去的某種時態(tài)(包括一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時、考點突破欄目索引過去完成時)。He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告訴我他將會參加跳高比賽。He asked

14、 me if I had taken his soap.他問我是否拿了他的肥皂。(3)如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實或真理,即使主句是一般過去時,從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時。He told me that the earth revolves around the sun.(真理)他告訴我地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)?？键c突破欄目索引He said that Yao Ming is much taller than him.(事實)他說姚明比他高很多?？键c突破欄目索引2.賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。在把兩個獨立的句子連成一個含有賓語從句的復合句時,要特別注意從句的語序,即按照主語+謂語的順序。What

15、s Kates e-mail address?Do you know?=Do you know what Kates e-mail address is?你知道凱特的電子郵件地址嗎?注意:(1)如果復合句中賓語從句很長,那么可以用it作為形式賓語,以免句子頭重腳輕。如:He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.考點突破欄目索引他很明確地說他更愿意學習英語。(2)在主從復合句中,當主句的主語為第一人稱,謂語動詞是think, believe, sup-pose等時,要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定形式,

16、而從句的謂語動詞用肯定形式。如:I dont think he can swim.我認為他不會游泳?？键c突破欄目索引考點三考點三命題檔案命題檔案復合句復合句狀語從句狀語從句1.(2018河南安陽一模)Not everything that is faced can be changed,but nothing can be changed A.ifB.sinceDit is faced.C.afterD.until答案答案D句意:不是一切面對的事情都能被改變,但直到它被面對之前什么都不能改變。if 如果;since 自以后;after 在之后;until 直到為止,根據(jù)句意可知答案為D項?？键c

17、突破欄目索引2.(2017河南許昌一模)Why didnt you speak up fair?Ayou thought that wasntA.ifC.untilB.becauseD.though答案答案A句意:如果你認為那是不公平的為什么不大聲說出來?if如果;be-cause因為;until直到為止;though盡管,根據(jù)句意可知答案為A項?？键c突破欄目索引3.Chen Wei isnt at school today Bhe is entering a robot competition in Shanghai.A.soB.becauseC.beforeD.if答案答案B句意:陳偉今天

18、沒上學,因為他正在上海參加機器人比賽?！皡⒓訖C器人比賽”是“沒上學”的原因,應用because。故選B。考點突破欄目索引4.BA.Howthe dinner was all over,everyone helped wash the dishes.B.When C.BeforeD.Why答案答案B句意:當晚飯完全結(jié)束時,每個人都幫忙洗餐具。how怎樣;when當時;before 在之前;why為什么。根據(jù)句意可知選擇B項?？键c突破欄目索引名師精講名師精講狀語從句由從屬連詞引導,與主句連接,位于句首時,常用逗號與主句分開,位于句末時,其前一般不用逗號。狀語從句根據(jù)其用途可分為時間狀語從句、條件狀

19、語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、地點狀語從句等。考點突破狀語從句的分類時間狀語從句從句的引導詞when/while/as( 當時),before(在之例句欄目索引I was doing my homework when my father came in.當我爸爸進前),after(在之后),since(自從),not. until 來的時候,我正在做作業(yè)。(直到才),as soon as( 一就)He did not go to bed until his father came back.直到他爸爸回來他才去睡覺。條件狀語從句if(如果),as long a

20、s( 只要),unless(除非)If it doesn t rain tomorrow,they will go to the museum.如果明天不下雨,他們將會去博物館。Unless bad weather stops me,I go for a walk every day.我每天都會去散步,除非遇上壞天氣。原因狀語從句because(因為),since(既然),as(由于)I like to eat apples because they are good for my health.我喜歡吃蘋果,因為蘋果對我的健康有益。Since everyone is here,let s b

21、egin our meeting. 既然每個人都在這里,讓我們開始開會吧。考點突破欄目索引目的狀語從句so that(以便,為了),in order that( 為了)He gets up early every morning so that he can get to school on time.他每天早上都起得很早 ,以便能準時到校。結(jié)果狀語從句so.that./such.that.( 如此以至于)Its so hot that nobody wants to go out. 天氣太熱,沒人想出去。讓步狀語從句though/although( 盡管,雖然),even if(即使),wh

22、atever( 無Wherever you go,I will go with you. 無論你去哪論什么),wherever(無論哪里),whenever( 無論何時)里,我都跟著你。Whenever you come,I will wait for you. 無論你什么時候來,我都會等你。地點狀where,whereverSit wherever you like. 隨便坐。語從句考點突破欄目索引1.時間狀語從句(1)when的用法when意為“當時”,引導時間狀語從句,表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時或先后發(fā)生。如:I feel very happy when you come to se

23、e me.你們來看我時,我感到很高興。When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.你(們)過馬路時,一定要小心。when引導的時間狀語從句中的動詞可以用延續(xù)性動詞,也可以用終止性動考點突破欄目索引詞。如:I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.當我在上海時,我在一家外企工作。(2)while的用法while引導時間狀語從句時常譯為“與同時,在期間”。的從句常用延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的動詞。 如:They rushed in while we were discussi

24、ng problems.當我們正在討論問題時,他們沖了進來。(3)as的用法while引導考點突破欄目索引as引導時間狀語從句時可以表達“正當,一邊一邊,隨著”等意思。如:Helen heard the story as she washed clothes.海倫一邊洗衣服一邊聽故事。We get wiser as we get older.我們隨著年齡的增長而變得更聰明。(4)before與after的用法before表示“在之前”,after表示“在之后”。如I will always work hard before I enter Peking University.在我考入北京大學之

25、前我將一直努力學習。:考點突破欄目索引She showed me many beautiful stamps after I got to her home.我到達她家以后,她讓我看了好多漂亮的郵票。(5)until/till的用法till/until都表示“直到為止”,?？蓳Q用,但till不用于句首。示“直到才”。如:You may stay here until the rain stops.你可以在這里一直待到雨停了為止。He didnt go to bed until he had finished his work.他直到完成工作才去睡覺。not.until表考點突破欄目索引(6)s

26、ince的用法since表示“自以來”,在含有since引導的時間狀語從句的復合句中,主句用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時,從句用一般過去時。如:I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University.自從北京大學畢業(yè)后,我就一直在這家公司上班。(7)as soon as的用法在含有as soon as引導的時間狀語從句的主從復合句中,從句的動作一發(fā)生,主句的動作隨即發(fā)生,意為“一就”。as soon as引導的從句經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如:考點突破欄目索引As soon as he arrives,Ill te

27、ll him.他一到,我就告訴他?？键c突破欄目索引2.條件狀語從句(1)if的用法含if引導的條件狀語從句的復合句中,主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:Ill visit the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我將去游覽長城。(2)unless的用法unless意為“除非,如果不”,相當于“if.not.”。Unless you go at once,you will be late.考點突破欄目索引如果你不馬上走,你就會遲到的。(3)as long as的用法as long as意為“只要”。如:As long as we

28、show our love,the world will be full of happiness.只要我們給予別人愛,世界將會充滿幸福。考點突破欄目索引3.原因狀語從句(1)because的用法表因果關(guān)系的語氣最強,用來回答why的問句,所引出的原因往往是聽話人所不知道或最感興趣的,because引導的原因狀語從句往往比主句顯得更重要。如:Im leaving because I am fed up with the boss.我要離開是因為我討厭老板。My friends admire me because I am handsome and successful.因為我?guī)洑獠⑶页晒?所以

29、我的朋友們羨慕我?？键c突破欄目索引(2)since的用法引出的原因往往是人們已知的事實,意為“既然”,通常放在句首。since引導的從句是次要的,重點強調(diào)主句的內(nèi)容。如:Since Monday is Bobs birthday,lets give him a party.既然星期一是鮑勃的生日,咱們給他舉辦一個聚會吧。Since everyone is here,lets begin.既然大家都來了,咱們開始吧。(3)as的用法as與since用法差不多,所引出的理由在說話人看來已經(jīng)很明顯,或已為聽話人考點突破欄目索引所熟悉而不需要用because加以強調(diào)。as引導的從句與主句具有同等的重要

30、性。如:She didnt hear us come in as she was asleep.她睡著了,所以她沒聽見我們進來。(4)now(that)的用法now(that)主要用于口語,表示微弱的原因,主、從句因果關(guān)系不明顯,意為“既然”。如:Now(that)you have come,you may as well stay here.既然你已經(jīng)來了,你最好留在這里?？键c突破欄目索引4.目的狀語從句(1)引導目的狀語從句的詞或詞組有so that,in order that 等,謂語中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would 等情態(tài)動詞。如:He must g

31、et up early so that he can go to work on time.他必須早點起床,以便能按時上班。(2)當從句主語與主句主語一致時,可用so as to,in order to。如:He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.=He worked day and night in order to succeed.他夜以繼日地工作為的是取得成功?？键c突破欄目索引5.結(jié)果狀語從句(1)由so.that,such.that 引導。so.that與such.that的區(qū)別:?so? 形容詞或副詞?that?s

32、uch?a / an? 形容詞 ? 單數(shù)名詞 ?that?such? 形容詞 ? 復數(shù)名詞 ?that?such? 形容詞 ? 不可數(shù)名詞 ?that?so? 形容詞 ?a / an? 單數(shù)名詞 ?that當名詞前面有many、much、little(少)、few修飾時,用so而不用such。如She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.:考點突破欄目索引=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.她是一個如此可愛的女孩,以至于我們都很喜歡她。We have so much

33、 time that we can finish the work very well.我們有如此多的時間,以至于我們能很好地完成工作。(2)so.that句型的否定形式可用簡單句too.to.或not.enough to 代替。如He is so young that he cant go to school.=He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.他太小了不能去上學。:考點突破欄目索引6.讓步狀語從句引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有though/although(雖然),even though/i

34、f(盡管),who-ever/no matter who(無論誰),however/no matter how(無論怎樣),whatever/no matter what(無論什么)等。(1)though/although的用法although和though意義一樣,都作“雖然,盡管”講,都表示讓步,一般情況下可互換使用,只是although語氣較重,大多置于句首。可以與yet連用,但不與but連用。如: They are generous though they are poor.考點突破欄目索引雖然他們很窮,但他們很慷慨。Although he was Japanese,he spent

35、most of his life in China.盡管他是日本人,但他大多數(shù)時間是在中國度過的。(2)even though與even if的用法even though與even if都是“盡管,即使”的意思,表示語氣更強的讓步。如Even though hes 24 now,hes still like a little child.盡管他現(xiàn)在24歲了,但他仍然像個小孩子。Well take a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.即使天氣不好,我們也要去旅行。:考點突破欄目索引(3)wh-ever類引導詞的用法在英語中wh-ever既可

36、引導名詞性從句,還可引導讓步狀語從句。引導讓步狀語從句時?？蓳Q成“no matter+相應的wh-詞”,在引導名詞性從句時只能用wh-ever詞。如:Whenever Im unhappy,it is my friend who cheers me up.(=No matter when Imunhappy,it is my friend who cheers me up.)不管什么時候我不高興,總是我的朋友使我振作起來?？键c突破欄目索引7.地點狀語從句(1)引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞有where和wherever,指具體地點時,從句可位于主句之前或之后;表示抽象的含義時,從句需放在主句之前。

37、如:He lives where the climate is cool.他住在氣候涼爽的地方。Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竟成。(2)注意區(qū)分where引導的狀語從句與定語從句。如:你最好在有問題的地方做一下標記。Youd better make a mark where you have questions.(狀語從句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have questions.(定語從句)考點突破欄目索引注意:1.不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中的連詞(1)because因為,

38、引導原因狀語從句,so所以,用于并列句,不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里,只能用其一。如:Because he was tired,he couldnt walk here.=He was tired,so he couldnt walk here.因為他累了,所以他不能走到這兒了。(2)though/although雖然,引導讓步狀語從句,but但是,用于并列句,不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里,只能用其一。但though/although和yet 可以同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里(此時yet 作副詞用)。如:考點突破欄目索引Though he was tired,he still worked hard.=He

39、was tired,but he still worked hard.雖然他很累,但他仍然努力工作。考點突破欄目索引2.when,while,as的區(qū)別when,while,as引導的從句都可以使用延續(xù)性動詞。when,as都可以與非延續(xù)性動詞連用,而while則不能。when可表示瞬間,也可表示時間段,與主句所陳述的動作、事情可同時發(fā)生,也可有先后。while常用于連接同時進行的兩個延續(xù)性動詞相伴隨而發(fā)生的動作。as不指先后,尤指兩個動作或事件同時發(fā)生。如:The film had been on when we arrived.我們到時電影已經(jīng)開始了。My mother was cooki

40、ng while I was doing my homework.考點突破欄目索引我做作業(yè)時媽媽在做飯。As I left the house,I forgot the key.我離開房子時忘記帶鑰匙了。考點突破欄目索引考點四考點四命題檔案命題檔案復合句復合句定語從句定語從句DI have told you many times.1.(2018河南許昌一模)Mike,this is the college Wow!Dad,was it the only one you and Mom studied in then?Its so big and beautiful!A.that;whichB.

41、which;which C.what;thatD.which;that答案答案D句意:邁克,這是我已經(jīng)告訴你許多次的大學。哇!爸爸,它是唯一一所你和媽媽一起學習過的學校嗎?它是那么大和漂亮!本題考查定語從句。第一設空處由先行詞college且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語可知應用關(guān)系代詞that/which;第二設空處因前有the only修飾先行詞one故應用關(guān)系代詞that,故答案?？键c突破欄目索引2.(2017河南許昌一模)It is hard to imagine a student to skate in Harbin.Ddoesnt know how A.whomB.whichC.what

42、D.who答案答案D句意:很難想象一個在哈爾濱的學生不知道如何滑冰。本題考查定語從句。由先行詞student且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語可知答案為D項。考點突破欄目索引3.Im thankful to the man A.whoB.whichAis the most important in my life.D.whoseC.whom答案答案A句意:我對在我一生中最重要的人表示感謝。本題考查定語從句。由先行詞man及關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語可知答案為A項?？键c突破欄目索引4.Which song do you like better,Lucy?I prefer the song Little App

43、le Acan attract many people.A.which B.who C.whom D.where答案答案A句意:Lucy,你更喜歡哪首歌? 我更喜歡那首能夠吸引很多人的歌小蘋果。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為the song Little Ap-ple ,關(guān)系詞指物且在從句中作主語,應用關(guān)系代詞which或that,故答案為A項。考點突破欄目索引名師精講名師精講在復合句中作定語的從句稱為定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語從句之前。引導定語從句的是關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞既起

44、連接作用,又在從句中的充當成分。考點突破關(guān)系詞that,who,whom功能that作主語、賓語、表語;who作主語、人先行詞例句欄目索引Do you know the old woman who/that is standing under the賓語;whom作賓語which作主語、賓語、表語物tree?你認識站在樹下的那位老太太嗎?She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一臺她父母給她買的電腦。whose作定語人、物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very ha

45、rd.那個男孩學習非?？炭?他爸爸是個醫(yī)生。The classroom whose windows are open is ours.開著窗戶的那個教室是我們的教室。when作狀語時間I still remember the day when you left for Beijing. 我仍然記得你去北京的那一天。where作狀語地點This is the school where my mother works.這就是我媽媽工作的那所學校。why作狀語reasonCould you explain the reason why you were late?你能解釋一下你為什么遲到嗎?考點突破欄目索引一、關(guān)系代詞的用法一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替wh