動詞ing定語表語賓語補(bǔ)主語

1、必修四Unit 3語法 動詞ing -作表語.定語.賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞ing形式是動詞的一種謂語形式，有動詞原形加ing構(gòu)成，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞?？梢栽诰渥又杏米髦髡Z，表語，賓語，賓語補(bǔ)足語，狀語和定語。a readi ng room = a room which is used for reading 閱覽室running shoes =shoes for running跑鞋a worki ng method =a method for worki ng工作方法表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動作或當(dāng)時的狀態(tài)。單個的動詞-ing形

2、式一般放在它所修飾的名詞前.相當(dāng)于形容詞，可有比較級形式，亦可被 very, quite， so等副詞修飾，這時主語與表語的位置不可互換The music they are play ing sounds excit ing.The film we saw last ni ght is quite moving.a frightening story 恐怖故事a smili ng face 笑臉develop ing coun tries = coun tries that are develop ing an ordin ary-look ing house = a house that l

3、ooks ordinary a puzzli ng problem = a problem that puzzles somebody一.用作表語。1. 表示主語的內(nèi)容，可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語。多表示一般性或抽象行為。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clea n as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job。她的工作是盡量使報告廳保持干凈。2. 表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)（動詞ing相當(dāng)一個形容詞）The problem is quite puzzling

4、. 這個問題很令困惑。3. 常用來作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有ast onishing, amus ing, confusing, disappo in ti ng, bori ng, en couragi ng,in spiri ng, moving, tiri ng, in teresti ng, surpris ing等。The n ews is quite ast onishing.這個消息令人吃驚。全析提示：動詞-ing形式作表語時，其邏輯主語往往是句子中的主語，但用作表語的-ing形式也可帶有自己的邏輯主語。What worries me most is her stay ing too l

5、ate every ni ght.是我最擔(dān)心的是，她每天都工作很晚。（staying too late every night 的邏輯主語是 her）他們演奏的音樂是如此令人興奮我們昨晚看的電影十分感人。falli ng leaves落葉a leadi ng part主角發(fā)展中國家看起來很普通的房子困擾人的問題注意：動詞-ing形式與不定式作定語的區(qū)別：（詳見第二單元） 動詞-ing作定語，多表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行或經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作。 不定式作定語，多表示將來發(fā)生的具體動作。（不定式作定語，一定要后置）I preferred staying in the house when it rained.I

6、 prefer to stay at home this after noon.說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。如:a swimming pool, drinking waterDo you know the boy playing basket?你認(rèn)識在打籃球的那個小男孩嗎?動詞-ing形式作表語與進(jìn)行時態(tài)的區(qū)別：進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示主語正在做什么，而動詞 -ing形式作表語只是說明主語的特性或情況。Mike is listening to music.邁克正在聽音樂。（當(dāng)前正在進(jìn)行的動作）Mike ' s favorite hobby is listening to music.邁克最大的愛好

7、的聽音樂（說明主語的情況）二.作定語1單個的動詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。2. 作定語的動詞-ing形式如是一個短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，做后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。如果是動詞-ing短語，則放在它所修飾的名詞的后面。表示存在的狀態(tài)或者一般的情況，或強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語動詞同時或基本同時發(fā)生并進(jìn)行，但是v.-ing的完成式一般作狀語而不做定語。如：The girl wearing a red rose on her head is my younger sister.a boy swimmi ng in the river一個河里游泳的男孩They lived in a ho

8、use facing south.他們住在一所朝南的房子里。=They lived in a house which is facing south。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載=Do you know the boy who is playing basket ？The man visiting Japan is my uncle 。正在訪問日本的那個男人是我叔叔We kept the fire bur ning all ni ght long.I won t have yeunning about in the room.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。=The man who is

9、visit ing Japa nis my un cle.注意：如果動詞-ing形式與其邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系，則用動詞-ing形式的被動形式。You shouldn ' t keeiurylights burning in the day.This sets me thi nki ng.你白天不應(yīng)開燈。這使我思考.The building being built there will be a supermarket.那里正建的樓將是超市。Wang Ping won ' t have Yonghui getting away with telling people lies王

10、鵬不會放過永慧對人們?nèi)鲋e。-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在三做賓語補(bǔ)足語1. 動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，即用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動作或情況。動詞賓語后面，表示一個正在進(jìn)行的主動性的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.注意：have+賓語+doing用于否定句中，表示允許，容忍的意思。I won ' t have anyone smoking here.我不容許任何人在這里抽煙。4. 在有些動詞 regard, describe, accept, think

11、of, quote 之后,可由as引出動詞-ing詞組作賓補(bǔ)They describe the film as bei ng attractive.他們說這電影很吸引人。2、當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。5.用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)They found the film very excit ing. = The film is found very excit ing.With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty find ing the old man ' s house.3. 這種

12、用法通常用在下列幾類動詞中，后接賓語然后加上動詞-ing,構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，動詞-ing充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)成分.(1.)表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動詞，常見的有see, taste, hear, feel, smell, find, watch, catch, notice,observe有了那個人小男孩的指路，我們毫不費(fèi)力就找到那老人的家。look at, listen to 等）+ sb_+ doing sth （作賓補(bǔ)）me.語法練習(xí):I felt somebody standing beh indI caught a stra nger sliding into the man ager When

13、 I woke up, I felt the whole earth shaking我感覺有人站在我后面。s office.我看見一個陌生人溜進(jìn)了經(jīng)理的辦公室。當(dāng)我醒來，我感覺整個世界在晃動。表示動作正在進(jìn)行，表示(或強(qiáng)調(diào))動作的全過程。等 +sb/ sth + doing sth （作賓補(bǔ)）A. to leadB. ledC. leafi ngD. being led注意：see, hear, feel, watch等動詞之后用-ing形式和動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別:We heard the telepho ne ring.我們聽見電話在響We heard the teleph one

14、ringing.(2.)表示指使意義的動詞使役動詞，后接動詞-ing作賓補(bǔ).常見的有have, set, find, keep, get, catch, leave1. My favorite cartoon character is Mi ckey Mouse. It ' s so that we often feelwhen we see it.A. excit ing, excit ingB. excited, excit ingC. excit ing, excitedD. excited, excited2. It ' s no good. You should gi

15、ve.A. to smoke, it upB. smok ing , it upC. smok ing, up itD. to smoke, up it3. Snow was falli ng whe n they went they went along a pathto the moun ta in.4. -Tom said someth ing stra nge at the conference. - His remarks left meabout his real purpose.A. won derB. won deri ngC. won deredD. won ders5. -

16、My best friend ' s in a bad n-oodlow abouther some flowers?A. givi ngB. give nC. to giveD. give6. by others whe n you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experie nee.A. Having bee n misun derstoodB. Being misun derstoodC. Having mis un derstoodD. Misun derstood7. With two childre nmiddle scho

17、ol in the n earby tow n now, the pare nt are worki ng hard.A. to atte ndB. atte ndingC. atte ndedD. havi ng atte nded8. I remember my father _ me to the seaside when I was a small child. We forgot _ a towel and I felt very cold.A. tak ing, to takeB. to take, tak ingC. take, tak ing9. Liste n! Do you

18、 hear some onefor help?A. call ingB. callC. to callD. called10 They use computers to keep the trafficsmoothly.A. being runB. runC. to runD. running11. I smell somethi ngin the kitche n. Can I call you back in a minu te?A. burningB. burntC. being bur nt12. Come on, please give me some ideas about the

19、 project.Sorry, with so much workmy mi nd, I almost break dow n.D. take, take nD. to be burntA. filledB. filli ngC. to fillD. bei ng filled13. After the earthquake, the house made of wood remainedwhere it is.A. to sta ndB. stoodC. sta ndsD. sta nding14. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange bla

20、 nketthe desert.A. coveri ngB. coveredC. coverD. to cover15. There are hun dreds of visitorsin front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Vincent van Goghpain ti ngs.A. waitedB. to waitC. wait ingD. wait16. The government plans to bring in laws parentsto take more responsibility for the education of

21、 theirchildre n.A. forcedB. forci ngC. to be forcedD. havi ng forced17. Russ and Earl were auto mecha nicsthe same pay, but Earl had more ambiti on.A. to earnB. to have earnedC. earningD. earned18. Readi ng is an experie nee quite differe nt from watch ing TV. There are picturesin your mi nd in stea

22、dof before your eyes.A. to formB. formC. formi ngD. havi ng formed19. Don 'tleave the waterwhile you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run20. The old man,abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherla nd.A. to workB. worki ngC. to have workedD. hav ing worked21. Pet

23、er received a letter just nowhis gra ndma would come to see him soon.A. saidB. saysC. say ingD. to say22. Liste n! Do you hear some onefor help?A. calli ngB. callC. to callD. called23. - Why do you look sad? - There are so many problems.A. remai ning to settle B. rema ined sett ingC. remai ning to b

24、e settledD. rema ined to be settled24. We must keep a secret of the things here,” the general said, at the man in charge of thein formatio n office.A. discussed; stared seriouslyB. being discussed; seriously stari ngC. to be discussed; seriously staredD. discussed; to stare seriously25. The n ews wa

25、s, and there was alook on her face.A. shock ing; frighte ning B. shocked; frighte ned C. shock ing; frighte ned D. shocked; frighte ning26. The flowerssweet in the bota nic garde n attract the visitors to the beauty of n ature.A. to smellB. snieisngC. smeltD. to be smelt27. The lady said she would b

26、uy a gift for her daughter with the.A. 20 dollars rema ined B. 20 dollars to rema inC. rema ined 20 rema inedD. rema ining 20 dollars28. - What is Mr Black? - His job ispan cakes.A. to be sold B. soldC. havi ng soldD. selli ng29. These are the booksmy brother.A. bel on ged toB. bel onging toC. that are bel on ged toD. bel ong to30. Joh n has really got the job because he showed me the official letterhim it.A. offeredB. offeri ngC. to offerD. to be offered31. Chapli n was very good at making jokes. He always had others.