綜合教程第二版第二單元答案

1、基礎(chǔ)英語2第二單元答案The Virtues of Growing OlderText comprehension I.        CII.     1 F; 2 F; 3 F; 4 T; 5 T.III.    1. worshiping youth and fearing growing old. To delay the effects of aging with cosmetics and physica

2、l exercises.2. three. Less concern for ones appearance; less uncertainty about the unknowns in the future; surer self-identity.3. feel uncertain about what will happen to them and what they should do.4. use contrast structure “Being young means/ It means” and “I now/ I no longer”5. The writer learns

3、 the significance that the newer (younger) is not necessarily better, and she can be happier than before as she grows older. IV.    1. Women are less capable of resisting the temptation the temptation of fashion than men.2. make friends with different people in order to find a ne

4、w identity for yourself. Structural analysis of the text1.       see III 2.2.       Paragraph 3: the last sentence; Paragraph 4: the second sentence; Paragraph 5: the first sentence. Section Four Consolidation ActivitiesPart one.

5、Vocabulary AnalysisI. Phrase practice1. are apt to= are likely to  易于，有的傾向e.g. Infants are apt to put their hands into their mouths. 嬰兒愛把手往嘴里塞。 2. fall apart= break up / disintegrate 3. in general= as a whole  通常，大體上；總的來說，從總體上看e.g. In general, this companys products are very reli

6、able. 這家公司的產(chǎn)品通常是很可靠的。  In general, this paper is a bit difficult for these students to finish in an hour. 總的來說，讓學(xué)生在一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這份試卷有些困難。 4. at the mercy of= powerless against; completely controlled by  對無能為力；任處置，任由擺布e.g. Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of th

7、eir own lives. Others feel they are at the mercy of fate. 有些人天生相信自己是生命的主宰，另一些人則覺得他們受到命運(yùn)的支配。I dont want to put myself at the mercy of others. 我不希望任由他人擺布。 5. no wonder= not surprising / only too natural  不足為奇，并不奇怪e.g. It is no wonder that it is so wet in the south.  南方這么潮濕，并不奇怪。 &#

8、160; No wonder youre so tired, youve worked three hours without a break.  難怪你這么累，你已經(jīng)連續(xù)工作了三個(gè)小時(shí)。     It is no wonder that he failed his final exam.  他沒能通過期末考試，這是不足為怪的。 II.1. delay;  2. Feverishly;  3. façade;  4. confronted;  5. premise; 

9、; 6. dreaded;  7. automatically;  8. awaiting. III. Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. She has got this obsessive (obsess) fear of losing control, so she never shows her emotions.2. People under a lot of stress at work will often experie

10、nce moodiness (mood), irritability and a loss of confidence.3. They wanted a tolerable (tolerate) existence more food, better shelter, and peace.4. In the end, the company and its investors came to a mutually beneficial (benefit) arrangement.5. Working with the mentally handicapped can be a satisfyi

11、ng (satisfy) and rewarding experience.6. Frogs can search for food underwater, hidden (hide) from birds of prey.7. When I asked her about where she wanted the meeting to be held, she didnt express any particular preference (prefer).8. The committee has made four specific criticisms (critical) of the

12、 governments transportation policy. 1. obsess v. （使）牽掛，（使）惦念，（使）著迷  obsessed a. 著迷的  obsession n. 困擾，沉迷，著魔  obsessive a. 著迷的，強(qiáng)迫性的，分神的e.g. 愛麗絲被一個(gè)她剛剛認(rèn)識的男孩迷住了。Alice was obsessed by a boy she has just met.他一直想要找到他的父親，但是最近這變成了一種狂熱。Hes always wanted to find his father but recently its

13、become an obsession. 2. mood n. 心情，情緒moody a. 易怒的，喜怒無常的，情緒化的moodiness n. 憂郁e.g. 我每個(gè)星期日情緒都很壞。I am always in a bad mood on Sunday.   我的妻子在醫(yī)院里心情不好。My wife is moody at the hospital.3. tolerate v. 容忍，忍受  tolerable a. 可容忍的  tolerant a. 寬容的，容忍的e.g. 她能忍受寒冷的天氣。She can tolerate the co

14、ld days.這種炎熱的天氣在夜晚可以忍受。The heat was tolerable at night. 4. benefit n. 利益；津貼  beneficial a. 有益的，有利的  beneficiary n. 受惠者，受益人e.g. 這項(xiàng)工程對每個(gè)人都大有好處。This project is of great benefit to everyone.新鮮空氣有益于健康。Fresh air is beneficial to our health.她的丈夫是她遺囑的主要受益人。Her husband is the chief beneficiary

15、 of her will. 5. satisfy v. 使?jié)M意，滿足  satisfaction n. 滿意  satisfactory a. 令人滿意的e.g. 觀賞一幅美麗的圖畫使人心滿意足。Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction.她對現(xiàn)狀根本不滿意。She is not at all satisfied with the present situation. 6. hide v. 隱藏，隱瞞  hiding n. 隱藏，躲藏  hidden a.

16、 隱藏的，秘密的e.g. 她設(shè)法不表露自己的感情。She tried to hide her feelings.警察正在追趕藏匿起來的殺人犯。The police are following a murderer whos in hiding. 7. prefer v. 較喜歡；寧可  preferable a. 更好的，更合意的  preference n. 偏愛，優(yōu)先，喜愛物  preferential a. 優(yōu)先的；優(yōu)惠的e.g. 我更喜歡牛奶，而不是咖啡.I prefer milk to coffee.我父親感到在鄉(xiāng)村生活比在城市生活要好些。My

17、 father finds country life preferable to living in the city.對于求職者，我們優(yōu)先考慮有一定經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人。In considering people for jobs, we give preference to those with some experience.8. critical a. 批評的；決定性的，關(guān)鍵的  critic n. 批評家，評論家  criticism n. 批評，評論  criticize v. 批評；非難e.g. 他的行為招致尖銳的批評。His behavior called f

18、orth sharp criticism.他批評了我的冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)。He criticized my taking risks. IV.1. C;  2. D;  3. A;  4. A;  5. B;  6. D;  7. C;  8. B. V. Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Advertisements con

19、vince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair.Synonym: conceal, disguise 2. My legs were too heavy, my shoulders too broad, my waist too big.Antonym: narrow 3. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next perhaps even better

20、 phase of my life.Synonym: satisfaction, happiness, joy 4. The Virtues of Growing OlderSynonym: merits, advantages 5. My rounded figure seems fine, and I dont deny myself a slice of pecan pie if I feel in the mood.Synonym: fat, plump 6. Dave lifted weights, took megadoses of vitamins

21、and drank a half-dozen milk shakes a day in order to turn his wiry adolescent frame into some muscular ideal.Synonym: well-built 7. The two of us enjoy wearing fashionable clothes, but we are no longer slaves to style.Antonym: old-fashioned, outdated 8. Obviously, I still have important ch

22、oices to make about my life, but I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out.Synonym: clearly, evidently VI. Prefix Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.1. preface     &#

23、160;                 prepare             5. periphery              perimeter      2.

24、prologue              progress            6. dialogue               diameter      3. foresight&

25、#160;             foresee             7. semifinal              semiconductor 4. paralysis      

26、;        parallel             8. devaluate              decelerate      1. Explanation:     pre- : before

27、 someone or something          e.g. prewar, precondition, precaution, prediction2. Explanation:pro- : before     e.g. proceed, procession, provision3. Explanation:     fore- : before or in the front of  &#

28、160;        e.g. foreword, foretell, forecast, forehead4. Explanation:     para- :on one side          e.g. paragraph, parallel5. Explanation:     per- : surrounding  

29、60;       e.g. periodic, period6. Explanation:dia- : pass through between sth.         e.g. dialectic, diagram, diagnosis7. Explanation:     semi-: half or partly        

30、  e.g. semicircle, semi-final, semi-skilled8. Explanation:     de-: reduce          e.g. declass, degrade, deduce Part Two Grammar Exercises1. concrete nouns & abstract nounsConcrete nouns are words we use for people, pla

31、ces, or things that we can observe with at least one of our five senses. The abstract class is the opposite we can never experience these nouns according to our senses.While this distinction is sometimes useful, the boundary between concrete and abstract is not always clear. Some nouns can be used a

32、s uncountable nouns when they refer to a thing in general and countable nouns when they refer to a particular instance of it, consider, for example, the noun art, which usually refers to a concept:e. g. Art is an important element of human culture.But it can refer to a specific artwork in certain co

33、ntexts:e.g. I put my daughters art up on the fridge.This is the problem of context within sentences. I. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the nouns given.1. agony.2. agonies.3. experience.4. experiences.5. youth.6. a youth.7. My children are _a great help_ to me. (g

34、reat, help)8. The boy had _a good knowledge_ of mathematics. (good, knowledge)9. a gray hair10. He is looking for _work_. (work) II. 1 A;  2 B;  3 D;  4 C;  5 A;  6 B;  7 B;  8 C. III. a lot of;  a little;  some;  a few;  A;  some

35、;  some;  a lot of;  X.many;  X;  a lot of. 2. quantifiers & determiners (every, each, everyone, every one, all)Each and every have similar but not always identical meanings.each = every one separatelyevery = each, allSometimes, each and every have the same meaning:

36、e. g. Prices go up each year.Prices go up every year.But often they are not exactly the same.Each expresses the idea of “one by one”. It emphasizes individuality.e. g. Each artist sees things differently.Every is half-way between each and all. It sees things or people as singular, but in a group or

37、in general.e. g. Every soldier saluted as the President arrived.  Each can be used in front of the verb:  e. g. The soldiers each received a medal.Each can be followed by “of”:e. g. The President spoke to each of the soldiers.  Every cannot be used for two things while each can:e. g.

38、He was carrying a suitcase in each hand.Every is used to say how often something happens:e. g. There is a plane to Bangkok every day.Everyone means “everybody” and is used when you want to refer to all the people in a group:e. g. Everyone in my family likes spaghetti.But if youre referring to the in

39、dividuals who make up a group, then the phrase is every one. “Each and every one” you should never substitute everyone, for everyone as singular or plural:e.g. We wish each and every one of you a Merry Christmas.All is more often used with plural verb forms, though sometimes it is used with singular

40、 verbs. However, if we wish to specify the things or people under discussion, we can use all or all of with nouns and pronouns and the correspondingly correct singular or plural verb forms.e. g. Has all (of) the cake been eaten?Have all (of) the presents been distributed?All of us are going to Sams

41、party next week. Were all going. IV. Complete the following with every, each, everyone, every one or all. 1. all;  Every one;  Every.A: He had eaten _ the biscuits.    B: What? _?A: _ single one.2. The pavement on _ side was crowded with neat smiling people. each;&

42、#160;3. Every;  4. each; 5. Everyone. The girl is very popular. _ likes her.  6. Each; 7. everyone; everyone;  8. Each. 3. dangling participlesDangling participles is a participle that is not grammatically linked to the word it is intended to modify. In “Driving down th

43、e street, the house came into view,” “driving” is a dangling participle. Though they are not rare in speech, dangling participles are avoided in formal writing because of the possibility of misunderstanding.    e. g. The burglar was about 30 years old, white, 510, with wavy hair weigh

44、ing about 150 pounds.      If properly installed, you shouldnt be able to open the door without first pressing the safety button. V. Correct errors in the following sentences.1. When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots.   &#

45、160;                      you must take care2. Though received late at night, he started to work on the document immediately.Though he received the document work on it. 3. Falling we thought

46、. - When he fell 4. Reading the letter a second time, the meaning becomes clearer.  When you read5. what he meant became clear to me - I became clear about what he meant 6. Shining in the sky we saw the first star.  We saw the first star shining in the sky. 7. The teacher wa

47、lked behind the kids eating their lunches.                               who were eating8. While cleaning his gun, it went off unexpectedly.he was cle

48、aning VI.1.       As long asAs long as you are healthy, nothing can devastate you. 2.       ObviouslyObviously, enlarging your vocabulary is essential. 3.       neithernorNeither poverty nor fail

49、ure frustrated the industrious student. Part ThreeI.1許多中年人去健身房鍛煉，到街上跑步，為的是延緩衰老。2青年人最不穩(wěn)定的因素就是，他們對價(jià)值觀、人生目標(biāo)和夢想還猶豫不定。3鎮(zhèn)上開會(huì)我可以大膽發(fā)言，在商店里購物我也敢投訴，因?yàn)槲也辉俸ε氯藗儠?huì)笑我，也不再渴望人人都喜歡我。4我不再因?yàn)樽约簜€(gè)性方面的缺陷責(zé)怪父母，也不會(huì)對他們在養(yǎng)育我的過程中所犯的種種過失耿耿于懷。 II. Translation exercises1.     如今很多愛慕虛榮的年輕人，盡管還不富裕，但卻迷上了漂亮的

50、小汽車。（vain, be obsessed with）Translation:    Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them.Practice:被工作迷了心竅的人和酒鬼、吸毒者或慣賭都一樣癮頭很大。The man who is obsessed with his job is just as hooked as the alcoholic, the junkie, or

51、 the compulsive gambler.你們這一代可能會(huì)因?yàn)楦星殛P(guān)系的頻繁變化而產(chǎn)生困擾。Your generation may seem to be obsessed with relationships that change continually. 2當(dāng)他的婚外戀被妻子發(fā)現(xiàn)后，他們的婚姻終于破裂了。（affair, fall apart）   Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was found out by his wife. 3那位

52、藝術(shù)家為了獲得創(chuàng)作的靈感，在農(nóng)村住了三年，放棄了生活上的許多享受。(inspiration, deny oneself something)For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where he denied himself many comforts of life. 4我不知道明天去崇明島的遠(yuǎn)足活動(dòng)能不能成行，因?yàn)檫@要取決于會(huì)不會(huì)下雨。(excursion, at the mercy of)   Im not sure if we can have

53、the excursion to Chongming Island tomorrow. It is at the mercy of the weather. 5他早年到日本學(xué)醫(yī)，回國后卻改變了主意，一輩子從事文學(xué)創(chuàng)作。(pursue)   When he was young he went to Japan to learn medicine, but after he returned to China he changed his mind and pursued a career as a writer all his life. 6她最近和足以做

54、她父親的老頭好上了，這使她父母感到非常丟臉。（take up with, disgrace）Translation:    Shes taken up with a man old enough to be her father, which is a disgrace to her parents.Practice:她的父母很不明白她為什么會(huì)和一個(gè)失業(yè)的男演員交往。Her parents could not understand why she had taken up with an unemployed actor.有名望有權(quán)勢的男人似乎對“保姆型”的女人情

55、有獨(dú)鐘，如秘書、助手和乘務(wù)員等等。Powerful men seem to take up with the young women whose job was to tend to them and care for them in some way: their secretaries, assistants, flight attendants, etc. 71978年以來，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展神速，相比之下，一些發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)反而滑坡了。（witness, contrast）Translation:Since 1978, our economy has witnessed a rap

56、id development; in contrast that of some developed countries has declined. Practice:謝謝你和我分享中國的故事，我會(huì)再來中國見證她的變化。Thanks for talking and sharing Chinas story with me. I will return to China and witness all its happenings.“十一”之前我肯定能回到中國，我個(gè)人也愿意見證中國的歡騰時(shí)刻。I am sure to come back to China before October

57、1st. Personally I would like to witness the important gala of China. 8地震切斷了這個(gè)城市和外界的聯(lián)系。人們的食品供應(yīng)也許捱不過冬天了。（hold out）Translation:    The earthquake isolated this city from other areas. Im afraid their food supplies will not hold out through the winter.Practice:如果供給品充裕的話，我們將在此繼續(xù)露營一個(gè)星期。

58、If our supplies hold out, we will camp here for another week.那位飛行員說，因?yàn)槿狈θ剂希荒茉賵?jiān)持一小時(shí)，然后就不得不把飛機(jī)降落在水面上。The pilot said he could hold out for another hour before he would have to ditch the plane because of lack of fuel. VI Writing PracticeParagraph development the topic sentenceA topic sentence is

59、a statement of the controlling idea that the rest of the paragraph clarifies, exemplifies, or supports. It is usually the most general statement of the paragraph but meanwhile specific enough so that it can be fully developed in a single paragraph. A good topic sentence promises what is to come.A good topic sentence has three characteristics: it includes a topic and a con