初中英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞用法總結(jié)

1、初中英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞用法總結(jié)、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí):現(xiàn)在分詞（也叫動(dòng)名詞）:表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行基本形式：doing否定式：not doing被動(dòng)式：being done 完成式：having done、具體用法:1動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)：（1）把一個(gè)動(dòng)詞變成-ing形式可以當(dāng)做名詞來(lái)用，表示一種經(jīng)常性、 習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，可在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。eg: Working with you is a pleasure.I like reading in my free time.（2）可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)放在前面，再用動(dòng)名詞做真正 的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)放在后面，這種用法常用于以下句式： It is/was no use/g

2、ood doing sth.做某事是沒(méi)用的/沒(méi)有好處的。eg: It ' s no use begging for his mercy.It ' s no good smoking too much. It is/was a waster of time doing sth.做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。eg: It is a waste of time copying others' homework. It is/was worth doing sth.做某事是值得的。eg: It was worth making the effort. There is/was no se

3、nse in doing sth.做某事是沒(méi)有道理的/意義的。eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. There is/was no point (in) doing sth.做某事是沒(méi)用的/無(wú)意義的。eg: There is no point in getting an gry. There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丟臉的。eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your frien ds. There is no telling無(wú)法預(yù)言會(huì) eg: The

4、re is no telling what will happen.注意：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前可用名詞所有格和形容詞性物主代詞修飾，即one' s doing s作主語(yǔ)。eg: Tom ' s being late again made his teacher angry.My going to Beiji ng Un iversity is my pare nts' biggest dream.(3) 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)分為兩種情況：動(dòng)名詞后的賓語(yǔ)和介詞后的賓語(yǔ) 有些動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，常見的有：avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreci

5、ate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can ' t help, be busy, give up, can等tstand, feel likeeg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. 有些動(dòng)詞后即可接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常見的有：A: start, begin, intend, attempt, co

6、ntinue 等后接 doing 禾口 to do 無(wú)區(qū)別。B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接 doing 和 to do 略有區(qū)別，后接 doing側(cè)重經(jīng)常習(xí)慣性的行為，后接to do側(cè)重具體的某一次行為。等't help, be useg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at homeC: forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, can后接doing和to do的區(qū)別較大:remember/forget doing

7、記得/忘記做過(guò)某事事remember/forget to do記得/忘記要做某事事. stop doing 停止做某事stop to do 停下來(lái)做另一件事_ mean doing 意味著做某事來(lái)的事mean to do 想要做某事件事_ can ' t help doin禁不住做某事于做某事can ' t help to d不能幫忙做某事來(lái)做某事regret doing后悔做過(guò)某regret to do遺憾要做某try doing 嘗試做某事try to do 努力做某事go on doing 繼續(xù)做原go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一be used to doing 習(xí)慣b

8、e used to do 被用 介詞to后接doing作賓語(yǔ)用于以下短語(yǔ)中：stick to, lead to, devote to, see tc照 顧，負(fù)責(zé)）,look forward to, look up to（抬頭看，尊敬仰慕）,pay attention to, get down to著手做某事）,object to（反對(duì)）,make con tributi ons to為做貢獻(xiàn)）,be equal to等于，勝任） 固定搭配：need/want/require doing sth. = need/want/require to be done 意為“需要（被）做”eg: Your

9、 hair n eeds cutt in g/to be cut.2動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾名詞，分為前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)。（1）單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞做前置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾名詞的前面，既可以表示 被修飾名詞的作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾名詞所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或所 處的狀態(tài)（主動(dòng)）。eg: drinking water飲用水（表示用途）running water流動(dòng)的水（表示動(dòng)作）（2）動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾名詞的后面，在意思上相 當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。eg: The man standing there is Peter' s father.=The man who is standing th

10、ere is Peter' s father.（3） 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)還可做后置定語(yǔ)的同時(shí)做插入語(yǔ)，該短語(yǔ)前后都用逗 號(hào)和句子其他部分隔開，去掉該短語(yǔ)后句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍完整。eg: His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.3. 動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：（1）基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（doing）（2）動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。eg: We found a sn ake eating an egg.I saw a bag lying on the gro und on my way home.（

11、3）能后接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾類動(dòng)詞： 感官動(dòng)詞： see, hear, find, notice, smell, feel, observe, look at, listen to等 使役動(dòng)詞： make, have, keep, get, catch, leav等（4）感官動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)既可以是現(xiàn)在分詞形式，也可以是動(dòng)詞原形，接現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，接動(dòng)詞原形表示該動(dòng)作的全過(guò) 程。eg: I saw a boy playing in the street just now.I heard some students sing a beautiful song together.（

12、5）如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是短暫性動(dòng)作，則doing形式表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 而動(dòng)詞原形表示某一次動(dòng)作。eg: I heard the clock beat/beating.4. 動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)：放在系動(dòng)詞后，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)或情況，注意與現(xiàn)在 進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別，進(jìn)行時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。eg: Her hobby is painting.（表語(yǔ)）The artist is painting in the park.（進(jìn)行時(shí)）My job is teaching English.（表語(yǔ)）I am teaching Class 15 and Class 16 now.（進(jìn)行時(shí)）5. 現(xiàn)在分詞作

13、狀語(yǔ)：（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子。（2）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨 狀況等，即可做原因狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、條件狀 語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)等，相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。（3）現(xiàn)在分詞可直接做各種狀語(yǔ)，也可放在 when, while, before, after, if（如果）,whether（無(wú)論）,though, because, for, with 隨著）等后做相應(yīng)的 狀語(yǔ)。eg: Hearing the news, they couldn' t help jumping.After tur ning off the T

14、V set, he bega n to go over his less ons.Though raining heavily outside, he decided to attend the activity in the park.Whether waking or sleeping, he always keeps the book beside his pillow.（4）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的各種形式的用法： 一般式（doing）表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。eg: Shesat by the window, enjoying the beautiful sights outside. 完成式（having done）表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，或表示該 動(dòng)作持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間。eg: Having finished his homework, hewent to bed.Having staying at homea whole day, she went to the KTV at night. 被動(dòng)式的一般式（being don®表示與謂