名詞及主謂一致用法和練習(xí)

1、第二講.名詞和主謂一致主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)在人稱、數(shù)上取得一致的情況：1.主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)第三人稱時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要變單數(shù)，即加“ S如如: reads, sits 注意特例：1-s, -ss, -o, -x, -sh, -ch 結(jié)尾的詞要加 一es如:misses, kisses, does, fixes, brushes, astonishes, scratches 2元音字母+ y結(jié)尾+ s；輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾，要變成輔音字母+ ies；如口： says, sprays, delays, flies, studies,3一 fe, f結(jié)尾的詞尾要變成 一ves如口： strife 爭(zhēng)吵，stuff 填塞，puf

2、f 喘氣，名詞的變化(1)名詞的數(shù)1)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式類別多數(shù)情況規(guī)那么少數(shù)情況不規(guī)那么多數(shù)可數(shù)名詞力卩一s,如口： egg eggs bike bike sfilm film stest test schild child renox oxen； foot - feet ； tooth - t eeth ； mouse nice； louse l i ce； crisis cris es ； basis bases ； emphasis-emphases, thesis-theses, analysisanalyses ； medium media ； datum data ； phe n

3、omenon phe nomena ； bacterium bacteria, criteri on criteria以 s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名 詞加一es,如口： glass-glass es fox-fox es； church church es;watch-watch es bush-bushes詞尾ch發(fā)k音時(shí)，加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：stomachs以“輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的可 數(shù)名詞變“y為“i 再加“es 如：baby babies ability abilit ies以“元音字母+ 丫結(jié)尾的可 數(shù)名詞加一s,如口： monkey- mon keysKey keys

4、 ； boy boys以“0結(jié)尾的 可數(shù)名詞力卩一es,女口： hero hero esPotato potato es tomato tomatoes1.加一s,女口： auto, photo, memo, kilo, shampoo, radio, zoo, piano 2.加一s 或 es,女口： buffalo buffalo (e)svolcano volcano (e)scargo cargo (e)s以“ f 或“fe 結(jié)尾的 可數(shù)名詞變“f 或 “fe 為 “v 再加“ es ,如: life liv es； leaf lea ves1. 加一s, 如: serf, chief

5、, gulf, roof, cuff, cliff, proof, safe, belief, relief， cuff 2. 加-s或變“ f 或“ fe 為“v加“ es皆可,如: scarf scarf s (scar ves) han dkerchief handkerchief s(handkerchie ves)2）既可作可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞的名詞有些名詞屬兼類名詞，作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)表示具體事物，作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)表 抽象概念。- Tom rented a single room to prepare for the coming exam. room為可數(shù)名詞湯姆租了一個(gè)單人間準(zhǔn)備即

6、將到來(lái)的考試。-Your essay is wellwritten as a whole, yet there is still someroom for improveme nt.room為不可數(shù)名詞雖然你的文章寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)，但還有需要改良的余地。這樣的名詞有：experie nee可數(shù)為“經(jīng)歷，不可數(shù)為“經(jīng)歷；beauty可數(shù)為“美人，不可數(shù)為“美丨；office 可數(shù)為“辦公室，不可數(shù)為 “公職；success可數(shù)為“成功的人/物，不可數(shù)為“成功；judgment 可數(shù)為“判決，不可數(shù)為“判斷；security 可數(shù)為“證券，不可數(shù) 寸“平安等。3）復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的特殊情況一般說(shuō)來(lái)，以不可

7、數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：homework,su nlight;以可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞只將其中的主體名詞變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)，女口： bedrooms, bookshelves, housewives, fathers-in-law。此外，我們還需留意復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的如下特殊情況：類別復(fù)數(shù)形式基數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞其中名詞一律用單數(shù)，如：aten-year-old girl;a 200 mile long road ； a five-foot-high boy以 man, woman, gentleman 等為修飾詞的復(fù)合名詞其中所有名詞都用復(fù)數(shù)，如：menserva nts;wome

8、nreporters;gentlemen drivers 。但是，要說(shuō) girlboystude nts ，以及 Germa ns, huma ns, Roma ns, Norma ns少數(shù)復(fù)合名詞：可數(shù)名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)名詞后力廿-s，女口 comrades-in-arms;passers-by詞尾力廿-s，如：take-offs; go-betweens動(dòng)詞/ed分詞+副詞動(dòng)詞-ing 形式后加 -s，如： comings-in動(dòng)詞-ing形式+副詞2. Every/ Each + （單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代詞+單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代詞）+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Every man and woman in this so

9、ciety needs care.Each boy and each girl here works hard.No + （單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代詞+單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代詞）+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)No teacher or student in this school is allowed to disobey the rules.No teacher and no stude nt in this school is allowed to disobey the rules.2.集合名詞作主語(yǔ)的三種情況a）有些集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)只能用單數(shù)形式furn iture, equipme nt, jewellery,

10、sce nery, cloth ing, bedd ing, 2有些集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式people, folk, police, cattle, militia, poultry, mankind 3有些集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，看作整體謂語(yǔ)只能用單數(shù)形式，看作全體成員， 謂語(yǔ)需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。team, club, family, class, audienee, group, committee, government, cab in et, board, couple, army, jury, party, staff, faculty, pers onn el, union,publ

11、ic,The government has made a decision to eliminate drug-abusing.The government arearguing about the passing of a new law.The family has lived here for 50 years.The family are going abroad for a holiday.4. 由 both and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞， 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)， 但是，由 either or ， neither nor， or ，not only but also 連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞，或在

12、 There be ， Here be 的倒裝句型中，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于臨近主語(yǔ)。Either you or she is needed to help paint the room.Have neither you nor he been to Tibet?Not only the students but also their teacheris going to see this new film.There is a school and some supermarkets nearby.5. 兩個(gè)名詞或代詞由一些詞組相連接，如 as well as, together/ along

13、with, carrying, supported by, accompanied by, besides, apart from, in addition to, but, except, (un)like, no less than, other than 等，謂語(yǔ)需與第一個(gè)名 /代詞取 得一致。Jane, unlike her sisters, doesnt like dancing.The teacher, in addition to the students, has seen this film.Tom, no less than Tim, is a promising stud

14、ent.An old woman, supported by two young pioneers, is crossing the street.The club, other than the chairman, are in favor of the plan.6. 表示局部數(shù)量的詞組 of 名詞 謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)造中，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于 名詞： 名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；名詞為可 數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。All of the work is done.All of the studentsare here.The whole of the birthday cake

15、 has been eaten.The whole of the muffins have been eaten.None of the coffee is left.None of the telephones work/ works .None of these graduates are/is from parents families.None of them are qualified workers.7. What 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)，但假設(shè)表語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)復(fù) 數(shù)名詞，那么謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)，以與表語(yǔ)取得一致。What he said is right.What the

16、teacher says and does haseffect on his students.What the teacher says and does dontagree (with each other).What he bought were two balls.What they need badly are creative writers.What I have said and done have nothing to do with you.What is real to him are the details of his life. 其他名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ) W

17、hether he will pass the test is still unknown. How he succeeded remains a secret.Whoare going to visit Mr. Smith is undecided.8. 單個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。To seeisto believe/ Seeing is believing.To plan in advance is a good thing.For him to finish the task in half an hour is a challenge.Playing with fire

18、 is a dangerous thing.Her often coming late annoyed the director. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，假設(shè)指 兩類事物，謂語(yǔ)用 復(fù) 數(shù)；但假設(shè)指 某一事物的 兩個(gè)方面，那么謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用 單數(shù)。To listening to music and to watch TV are my favorite things.Early to bed and early to rise is beneficial to health.Reading novels and solving problems are two different things

19、.Weeping and crying does nothing towards settling the problem.9. a number/ variety of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ) the number/ variety of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 單 數(shù)謂語(yǔ) A number of the students here are from key schools. The number of the students attending evening schools is on the rise.A variety of new goods are on display.The vari

20、ety of goods on sale in that store is surprising.10. 用 and 連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞在意義上指同一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)，用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。A scientist and poet is going to give us a lecture tomorrow.My neighbor and colleague is watering the flowers.The partner and manager has warned us not to be lazy. War and peace is a constant theme in history.Whi

21、sky and soda is always his favorite drink.此外， a knife and folk, a collar and tie, a needle and thread, a cup and saucer, a cart and horse,也通常被看作整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。A needle and thread is needed to mend the coat.An additional knife and fork was bought for the dinner.11. the + 一類形容詞/ 分詞用來(lái)表示類比，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)The rich/ poor

22、/ young/ old/ aged/ injured/ wounded/ unknown/ elderly/ sick/ ignorant/ seeing/ blind/ living/ dead/ disabled/ 也+ 復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ) After the earthquakes, the buried were rescued and the lost were found.12. Many a + 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)More than one + 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Many a policeman has devoted his life to the order of our society

23、.More than one student here was injured in the accident yesterday.There is more than one answer to this question.One and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Look! One and a half bananas is on the floor.13. one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語(yǔ)從句中的 復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)表共性the (only) one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語(yǔ)從句中的 單數(shù)謂語(yǔ) 表個(gè)性 Tom is one of the ten boys here who like footb

24、all.表共性Tom is the (only) one of the ten boys here who dislikes tennis. 表共性5 / 914定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其先行詞He, who is lazy in study, won succeed easily.I , who am your friend, will help you when you are in trouble.15以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)，指學(xué)科，用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)；假設(shè)轉(zhuǎn)義指具體活動(dòng), 那么用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Mathematics數(shù)學(xué)，單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)計(jì)算能力，復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Politics政治學(xué)，單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)政治手腕，復(fù)數(shù)

25、謂語(yǔ)Economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)，單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)16由兩個(gè)一半組成的物體，應(yīng)用 pair來(lái)計(jì)數(shù)，假設(shè)無(wú)pair，那么用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ) trousers, pants, jeans, shorts, shoes, sleepers, boots, gloves, glasses, scales, ton gs, scissors, socks, stock in gs,This pair of trousers is expe nsive.（多種手段）（經(jīng)濟(jì)能力，財(cái)富）Here trousers are new today.Ano ther

26、 pair of sun glasses was show n her/ to the customer.17.單復(fù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)這些名詞在句中的意思而定始終用復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞：means, series, species, bellows, headquarters,始終用單數(shù)形式的詞：sheep, aircraft, deer, shark, fish （同種魚(yú)）This means is really effective.（一種手段）His means have bee n used up. Her mea ns are small.18. the rest, the

27、 following,其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)這些詞在句中的意思而定A third of the work was done yesterday, and the rest is to be finishedtomorrow.A third of the studentswere invited to the party yesterday, and the rest weretold to review their less ons at school.The following is my answer.The following are my suggestions主謂一致語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題1.Te

28、n perce nt of the workers in this cityA. isB. are*now on strike.C. is to beD. are to be2. The growth of part-time and flexible patter n, and of training and retai more wome n to take adva ntage of employme ntopport un ities.A. allowB. allows*C.allowi ngning schemesD. have allowed3. These statisticsA

29、. are*B. isman ageable un its for measuri ng dista nces with in the solar system.D. is to beC. have4.5.Mathematics as well as physics always _ A. has caused B. are caus ingNot only you and I but Peter, the top problem. A. areme a lot of headaches.C. causeD. causes*B. werePlenty of fruits, eggs, and

30、vegetablesA. are* B. isstudent in our grade,not able to solve theC. is*D. amn eeded for health.C. is bei ngNeither Jane nor her brothersa consent form for tomorrows field trip.C.is n eed ingD.A.need*B.needsD. havehas n eed8. What the man said un der the oathby several other wit nesses.A. was questi

31、on ed*B.were questi on edC.questi on edD.be questi oned9. The gover nmenthop ing to make their findings known soon.A. isB. has bee nC. are*D. be10. Today therea nu mber of teleph one calls from the applica nts for the positi on.A. have bee n* B. is hav ingC. has bee n D. are to have11. To listen to

32、fine music and to have stimulating conversation with good friends two pleasures in life.A. isB. are*C. wasD. has bee n12. Of particular in terest to visitorsthe large nu mber of book stores that sell books indiffere nt Ian guages.A.have bee nB. areC. is*D. were13. Many species of ani mals which once

33、 lived on the earthno Ion ger in existe nee.A. isB. are*C. wasD. were14. How close pare nts are to their childre na stro ng in flue nee on the character of thechildre n.A. have B. has*C. havi ngD. to have15. Not on ly the whole n ati on, but the whole Europe, in deed the whole huma n society,toalter

34、 its attitude to racial problems.A. n eed B.n eeds*C. has n eedD. have a n eed16. All the dataonce and again, still there are a lot of mistakes.A. has bee n checkedB. have bee n checked*C. has bee n checked D. is checked17. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses the tools thatA. make h

35、im a scie ntistB. makes him to be a scie ntistC.make himto be scie ntistD.makes hima scie ntist*18. The play writer and directorpromised to atte nd our tea-party.A. have B. has*C. areD. is19. The premier and the Foreig n Mini sterprese nt at the stateba nq uet last ni ght.A. are B. wasC. were *D. ha

36、d a20. To bala nee the budget and to provide jobstwo goals of the elected official.A. is going to B. is C. becomesD. are*21. Every meanstried but without much result.A. has bee n*B. have bee nC. are D. is22. Nobody but Smith and Joh nin the lab yesterday.A. are B. had bee nC. wereD. was*23. _ Half o

37、f the audie neeforeig ners.A. was B. were*C.had bee nD. has bee n24. Hard work and main livi ngcharacteristics of the worki ng peo ple.A. isB.has bee nC. wereD. are*25. In the rooma big table and a great many chairs.A. do they find B. is foundC. are foun d*D.have found26. Ano ther three weeksn ecess

38、ary for us to finish the work.A. are B. wasC. is*D. will have bee n27. He is the on ly one of the brightest stude nts whofrom New YorkUni versity.A. is graduated B. have graduated C. has graduated* D. are graduated28. Here is a message of importa nee to every man and woma n whoA. votes* B. voteC. ha

39、ve votedD. is voted29. Neither of the young men who had applied for positi on in the university.A. has bee n acceptedB. have bee n acceptedC. was accepted*D. were accepted30. That men have lear ned much from the behavior of ani malshardly n ew.A. is*B. isntC.bei ngD. will be31. What they have doneus

40、eful to the people.A. are con sidered B. is con sidered*C. have bee n con sidered D. will be con sidered32. Every policema n and firema non the alert.A. have bee n B. was*C. areD. were33. Theren ever bee n hard feeli ngs betwee n the families livi ng on this block.A. has B. have*C. isD. were34. The

41、lin ebacker and capta in of the teammost valuable player.A. have bee n selectedB. has bee n selected* C. have selected D. has selected35. The n ati on wants peace; only a min oritythe war to continue.A. want*B. wantsC. wan tedD. has wan ted36. It was you, not I, whotoo much depe ndent on medic ine a

42、nd n ever did exercise.A. were B. are *C. wasD. am37. Whether or not the new pla n will yield any positive results _to be see n.A. remai n B. is rema ined C. remai ns*D. have rema ined38. With the rising of peoples standard of living, cosmetics a favorite topic,especially among wome n.A. has become

43、B. becomesC. become D. have become*39. either he or his acco untants going to claim for the loss?A. AreB. WereC. Is*D. Does40. Therenot only the earth but also eight other pla nets in the solar system.A. are B. wereC. is*D. was41. Thereone or two things that I have to men ti on.haveD. make on esseem

44、s*D. were to dullA. is* B. areC. hasD.42. He is one of those speakers whoideas perfectly clear.A. make hisB. makes her C. make their*43. Ten minu tesan hour whe n one is wait ing for a phone call.A. seemedB. is seem ingC. seemD.44. The first part of the lecture was in teresti ng but the rest.A. was

45、dull*B. were dullC. had been dull45. The committeeamong themselves for four hours.A. has bee n arguing B. has bee n arguedC. have bee n arguin g*D. have bee n argued46. Either your teacher or youmistake n.A. are* B. isC. hasD. be47. Not only I but also Tom and Maryfond of watch ing televisi on.A. am

46、B. isC. are*D. be48. It is said that in the Un ited States, over 30spe nt on advertiseme nt each year.A. billion dollars isB. billion dollars are*C. billiondollar isD. billio ns of dollars are49. Each one of us whonow living in this city is destined to witness the remarkableOlympic Games.A. isB. wereC. has bee nD. are*50. Whatused as chief buildi ng materials todaysteel and con crete.A.have bee n, areB. is,areC. are, ar