中山大學(xué)生科院

1、 中山大學(xué)生科院 細(xì)胞生物學(xué)期中試卷 (2000級(jí)生物科學(xué)、生物技術(shù)、藥學(xué)專業(yè),164人) 任課教師 王金發(fā) 2002年11月16日 姓 名 專 業(yè) 一 二 三 四 五 六 總 分一、填空題(每空0.5分，共10分)1. 細(xì)胞中水對(duì)于維持細(xì)胞溫度的相對(duì)穩(wěn)定具有重要作用，其原因是 。2. 纖粘連蛋白與細(xì)胞結(jié)合的結(jié)構(gòu)域具有特征性的三肽結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)稱RGD 序列，代表的三個(gè)氨基酸是 。3. _ _ is an intracellular protein that binds calcium and activates enzymes.4. A substance that fits into a spe

2、cific binding site on the surface of a protein molecule is called a _ .5. Two products of phospholipase C activity that serve as second messengers are _ and .6. Cyclic AMP is produced by the enzyme _ _ and degraded by the enzyme _ _7. NO是一種氣體信號(hào)分子,在體內(nèi)主要由精氨酸產(chǎn)生, 它的半衰期很短, 故只作用于鄰近細(xì)胞, 它作用的靶酶是 。8. junction

3、s enable cells to get a hold on the extracellular matrix by connecting their actin filaments to the matrix.9. 動(dòng)物細(xì)胞質(zhì)膜靠 建立膜兩側(cè)的質(zhì)子動(dòng)力勢(shì)，而植物細(xì)胞則是靠 。10. 蛋白質(zhì)合成時(shí)多聚核糖體的形成對(duì)生命活動(dòng)的意義在于: 。11. 限制哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞體積大小的主要因素有兩個(gè):一種是 的關(guān)系,另一種是 。12. Ca2+-ATPase是一個(gè) 次跨膜的膜蛋白，有 個(gè)細(xì)胞質(zhì)環(huán)，工作時(shí)每次可以將 個(gè)Ca2+泵到細(xì)胞外。13. 選擇蛋白介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞粘著是 依賴性的, 而免疫球蛋白超家族蛋白介

4、導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞粘著是 依賴性的。二、判斷題(若是正確的標(biāo)號(hào)， 錯(cuò)誤的標(biāo)×號(hào)，每題1分，共20分)1. K+ 離子很難通過人工膜, 但加入短桿菌肽A后, 對(duì)K+ 的透性大大增加, 原因是短桿菌肽A可作為離子載體運(yùn)輸K+。( )2. One can determine if a membrane protein is exposed on the external side of the plasma membrane by covalent attachment of a labeling reagent or by protease digestion only if the membra

5、ne is intact. ( )3. 脂錨定蛋白是通過蛋白的氨基酸殘基同膜脂的脂肪酸鏈形成共價(jià)鍵而 錨定在質(zhì)膜上。( )4. CsCl密度梯度離心法分離純化樣品時(shí), 樣品要和CsCl混勻后分裝, 離 心時(shí), 樣品中不同組分的重力不同, 停留在不同區(qū)帶。( )5. 載體蛋白, 又稱為通透酶, 它象酶一樣, 不能改變反應(yīng)平衡,只能增加達(dá)到反應(yīng)平衡的速度; 但與酶不同的是, 載體蛋白不對(duì)被運(yùn)的分子作任何修飾。( )6. 型內(nèi)含子的剪接與核剪接機(jī)理相似, 都要形成剪接體和套索結(jié)構(gòu)。( )7. 5SrRNA是由RNA聚合酶轉(zhuǎn)錄的, 它使用的是內(nèi)部啟動(dòng)子。( )8. The surface area/v

6、olume ratio is generally greater for a prokaryotic cell than for a eukaryotic cell.（ ）9. The ribosomes found in the mitochondria of your musde cells are more like those of the bacteria in your intestine than they are like the ribosomes in the cytosol of your musde cells.（ ）10. Facilitated diffusion

7、of a cation occurs only from a compartment of higher concentration to a compartment of lower concentration.( )11. Active transport is always driven by the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds.( )12. Treatment of an animal cell with an inhibitor that is specific for the Na+/K+ pump is not likely

8、 to affect the uptake of glucose by sodium cotransport.( )13. Tight junctions get their name from their property of holding cells togetherso tightly that they cannot be separated by mechanical forces.（ ）14. Gap junctions connect the cytoskeletal elements of one cell to a neighboring cell or to the e

9、xtracellular matrix.（ ）15. NO acts only locally because it has a short half-life-about 5 to 10 seconds-in the extracellular space before it is converted to nitrates and nitrites by oxygen and water.( )16. Water-soluble signaling molecules, which have very short circulating life-times, usually mediat

10、e responses of short duration, whereas water-insoluble ones, which persist in the blood for hours to days, tend to mediate longer-lasting responses.( )17. Ribozyme(核酶)的化學(xué)本質(zhì)是RNA, 但具有酶的活性, 專司切割RNA。( )18真核生物的28S、18S和5S的rRNA屬于同一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄單位，先轉(zhuǎn)錄成一個(gè)45S的前體， 然后邊加工邊裝配核糖體的大、小兩個(gè)亞基。( )19水是細(xì)胞的主要成分, 并且多以結(jié)合水的形式存在于細(xì)胞中。( )

11、20. 為了使光學(xué)顯微鏡或電子顯微鏡標(biāo)本的反差增大, 可用化學(xué)染料對(duì)它們進(jìn)行染色。( )三、選擇題(請(qǐng)將正確答案的代號(hào)填入括號(hào)，每題1分，共20分)1. 下列內(nèi)容中除了( )以外, 都是細(xì)胞學(xué)說的要點(diǎn)。 a. 所有生物都是由一個(gè)或多個(gè)細(xì)胞構(gòu)成 b. 細(xì)胞是生命的最簡(jiǎn)單形式 c. 細(xì)胞是生命的結(jié)構(gòu)單元d. 細(xì)胞從初始細(xì)胞分化而來2. 在動(dòng)物細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)過程中要用( ) 來進(jìn)行觀察。 a. 相差顯微鏡; b. 熒光顯微鏡; c. 倒置顯微鏡; d. 普通光學(xué)顯微鏡。3. 下述哪一種情況能夠支持核糖體RNA具有催化活性?( ) a.rRNA堿基序列是高度保守的,而核糖體蛋白的氨基酸序列則不然b.具有對(duì)抗

12、生素抗性的細(xì)菌在rRNA分子中有取代的堿基,而在核糖 體蛋白質(zhì)中沒有被取代的氨基酸 c.肽酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶的反應(yīng)對(duì)核糖核酸酶敏感 d.上述都是4. 用抗纖連蛋白的抗體注射胚體，發(fā)現(xiàn)在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育過程中神經(jīng)嵴細(xì) 胞的移動(dòng)受到抑制。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)說明：（ ） a. 神經(jīng)嵴發(fā)育包括抗體基因的表達(dá) b.發(fā)育中的神經(jīng)無需要合成纖連蛋白 c.纖連蛋白-抗體復(fù)合物形成神經(jīng)移動(dòng)途徑d.胚胎中的神經(jīng)元在移動(dòng)過程中必須與纖連蛋白暫時(shí)結(jié)合5. 心鈉肽是心房肌細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的肽激素,對(duì)血壓具有調(diào)節(jié)作用。心鈉肽作 為第一信使作用于受體, 并在細(xì)胞內(nèi)產(chǎn)生第二信使, 下面四種第二信 使中哪一種對(duì)于心鈉肽具有應(yīng)答作用?( )a.cAMP b.c

13、GMP c. Ca2+ d. DAG6. The distribution of K+ across an artificial membrane was measured, and the concentrations were found to be equal on both sides. Which of the following statements is true about the distribution of K+?( ) a.K+ must be at equilibrium across the cell membrane b.K+ cannot be at equil

14、ibrium across the membrane c.There cannot be a membrane potential under these conditionsd. More information is needed to determine whether K+ is at equilibrium7.Which mutant form of ras is likely to cause malignancy?( ) a.ras that cannot hydrolyze GTP b.ras that cannot bind to GTP c.ras that cannot

15、bind to Grb2 or Sos d.ras that cannot bind to Raf8. The hormone glucagon stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen in liver and muscle cells by the following enzymes. Which is the first enzyme that must be activated?( ) a. Protein kinase A b. Phosphorylase kinase c. Glycogen phosphorylase d. Prote

16、in phosphatase e. Protein phosphatase inhibitor-19. A cancer-causing gene makes G protein permanently bind to GTP, this results in( ). a. Continual production of cAMP. b. Continual production of GDP. c. Inhibition of cGMP production. d. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. e. None of the above10. Which o

17、ne of the following is not part of a prokaryotic ribosome?( ) a. A 30S subunit consisting of 16S rRNA b. A 50S subunit consisting of 23S and 5S rRNA c. A 30S subunit consisting of 21 proteins d. A 40S subunit consisting of 18S rRNA e. None of the above11. Which one of the following was used to deter

18、mine the structure of the DNA molecule?( ) a. Transmission electron microscope b. Scanning electron microscope c. Differential centrifugatioin d. X-ray crystallographye. None of the above12. You stain membrane proteins with a fluorescent-labeled antibody and notice the membrane is evenly stained. Af

19、ter a few hours, all of the fluorescence is at one end of a cell. You can conclude that( ). a. Lipids flip-flop in the membrane. b. Proteins move laterally in the membrane. c. The fluorescent dye was bleached. d. Proteins act as transporters. e. All of the above13. You have a preparation of ghosts a

20、nd need to collect only the right-side out ghosts. You decide you can trap the right-side out ghosts in an affinity column packed with( ) a. SDS. b. A carbohydrate-binding molecule. c. A protein-binding antibody. d. A serine-binding molecule. e. None of the above14.All of the following individuals c

21、ontributed to cell theory except( )a.Robert Hooke. b.Matthias Schleiden.c.Theodor Schwann. d.Rudolf Virchow.15.The addition of a peptide with an RGD sequence would probably ? the binding of cultured cells to a fibronectin coated dish.( )a.enhance b.inhibitc.have no effect on d.none of the above16. 適

22、于觀察細(xì)胞表面及斷面超微結(jié)構(gòu)三維圖像的儀器是( ) a普通光鏡 b熒光顯微鏡 c相差光鏡 d掃描電鏡 e透射電鏡17. 紅細(xì)胞中O2與CO2交換作用主要依靠( ) a血影蛋白 b血型糖蛋白 c. 帶蛋白 d錨定蛋白 e. 肌動(dòng)蛋白18. 能與胞外信號(hào)特異識(shí)別和結(jié)合，介導(dǎo)胞內(nèi)信使生成，引起細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生效應(yīng)的是( ) Acarrier protein Bchannel protein Creceptor D1iand Eenzyme19. 下列連接方式中屬于與中間纖維相連的錨定連接的是( )。 a粘合帶； b粘合斑； c橋粒； d緊密連接。20. 帶電的離子之所以不能自由通過質(zhì)膜,其原因是( )a.膜

23、的孔徑不夠大;b.膜的電性與離子電性相斥; c.帶電的離子聚集成團(tuán); d.帶電離子通常與水形成水性外殼,以至于體積過大。四、簡(jiǎn)答題(每題4分， 選做5題，共20分)1. 基因敲除(knockout)實(shí)驗(yàn)中有哪些關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)影響試驗(yàn)的成??？2. 真核生物與原核生物的rRNA基因在組織結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)錄和加工中有什么差異？3. G protein-linked receptors activate heterotrimeric G proteins through inter-actions between the receptor and the Gb¡ subunit. Upon binding

24、 to the receptor, the Gb¡ subunit then catalyzes GDP/GTP exchange by the Ga subunit. How is this similar to the activation of Ras by a receptor tyrosine kinase?4. 如何理解“被動(dòng)運(yùn)輸是減少細(xì)胞與周圍環(huán)境的差別,而主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸則是努力創(chuàng)造差別,維持生命的活力”?5. 1981年，Thomas Cech和他的同事在世界上首次發(fā)現(xiàn)核酶，并獲得了支持這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)。從他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)中你有何感想？6. 為什么說水是細(xì)胞中優(yōu)良的熱緩沖體系？

25、五、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與分析。(簡(jiǎn)要說明，不需詳細(xì)步驟。每小題5分,共10分)。1. Some integral membrane enzymes depend upon the lipids in their microenvironment not only for scaffolding, but for enzymatic activity. The Na+-K+ ATPase is one example. Please design an experiment to test the influence of membrane fluidity on the velocity of the

26、Na+-K+ ATPase.2. Describe the experimental approach used to identify functional domains of G-protein coupled receptors.六、分析、計(jì)算與思考(20分)1. 分析題（任選1題，5分）(1) Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often seen in elderly people. A typical prescription to reduce a patient's blood pressure includes com

27、pounds called beta-blockers, which block b-adrenergic receptors through-out the body. These receptors bind epinephrine, thereby activating a cellular response. Why do you think beta-blockers are effective in reducing blood pressure?(2)“解鈴還需系鈴人”這句諺語在細(xì)胞活動(dòng)中能找到對(duì)應(yīng)的故事嗎？請(qǐng)說明。2. 計(jì)算與思考（5分）Assume you were given a mixture consisting of one molecule each of all possible sequences of a smallish protein of molecular weight 4800. How big a container would you need to hold this sample? Assume that the average molecular weight of an amino acid is 120. What does this calculation tel