北師大版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下知識(shí)要點(diǎn)

1、 WORD格式整理版八年級(jí)下units 1-10知識(shí)點(diǎn) Unit 1 Will people have robots?1. see sb. do sth. 看見(jiàn)sb.做某事（的全過(guò)程）;see sb. doing sth. 看見(jiàn)sb.正在做某事（片斷）2. 沒(méi)有具體的數(shù)目用“hundreds of+名詞（復(fù)數(shù)） ” 表示“數(shù)以百計(jì)的” 有具體的數(shù)目時(shí)，用“基數(shù)詞+hundred+名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）”，hundred后不能有s，也不能用介詞 of。（類(lèi)似的詞還有thousands of; millions of）3. 一段時(shí)間 + from now （從現(xiàn)在起）之后; from now on = in

2、 the future 今后eg. twenty years from now 今后20年4. 肯定句：I think (that). 否定句： I dont think (that).一般疑問(wèn)句：Do you think ? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：What do you think.?5. study at home on computer 辨析：on，in和with. on：表示使用通訊工具、信息或傳媒，乘坐交通工具等； in：使用語(yǔ)言文字等媒介； with：借助具體的手段或工具。 Eg. I dont want to talk about it on the phone. Can you spea

3、k it in English? Dont write it with a red pen.3. Will people use money in 100 years? “in+時(shí)間”結(jié)構(gòu)常與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用，對(duì)其進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí)用特殊疑問(wèn)詞how soon.4. before 可用于任何時(shí)態(tài) ago 與過(guò)去時(shí)連用5. fewer people更少的人（fewer修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示否定）less free time更少的空閑時(shí)間（less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定） 6. in ten years 10年后（in的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)用于將來(lái)時(shí)，提問(wèn)用How soon）7. live alone單獨(dú)居住；feel

4、lonely感到孤獨(dú)（比較：live alone/go along等）The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely。8. keep/feed a pet pig 養(yǎng)一頭寵物豬 。9. no more=not anymore不再（強(qiáng)調(diào)多次發(fā)生的動(dòng)作不再發(fā)生）no longer=not any longer不再（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)不再發(fā)生）10.besides（除之外還，包括）；except =but（除之外，不包括）11.be able to=can 能、會(huì)（be able to用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，而can只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)

5、和一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中；12.have to用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，而must只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：1）I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can） 2） had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must）13. over and over again 一次又一次 be in different shapes 形狀不同 14. 形容詞最高級(jí)表示“最。之一”時(shí)，可用“ one of the + 最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”15.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的三種基本結(jié)構(gòu)： will +V. be going

6、to +V. be + Ving 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：in + 時(shí)間，in the future，next + 時(shí)間，與tomorrow 相關(guān)的時(shí)間，this + 時(shí)間，from now on，right now，some day16. 比較be going to 與will:a)be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will 表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.b) be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來(lái)肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上

7、將來(lái)勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.c) be going to 含有“計(jì)劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而 will 則沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.d)在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you.Unit 2 W

8、hat should I do?1.call up sb.“ 給某人打電話”（sb.是代詞的話，代詞放中間） call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb.2.borrow sth. from sb. 從某人那里借入某物 （= borrow sbs sth.）borrow from從.借( 借進(jìn)來(lái)) lendto 把借給（借出去）You can keep the book for a week你可以借這本書(shū)一周。（不用borrow或lend）3.pay for sth. 為某物付（錢(qián)）4.need to do sth. （某人）需要做某事5.the same

9、 + n. + as 與一樣的 6.get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽 （get on =get along）7.have a fight with sb. 與某人爭(zhēng)吵,與某人打架 (=fight with sb.) 8. take part in 加入 (=jion)9.plan sth. for sb. “為某人計(jì)劃某事” plan to do sth. “計(jì)劃做某事”10.as much as possible 盡可能多的11.Sb. pay for sth. 某人為某物花了錢(qián)。Sth. cost sb. 某物花了某人錢(qián)。 Sb. spend on sth. 某人花

10、了（時(shí)間、金錢(qián)）在某事上。 (in) doing sth. 某人花了（時(shí)間、金錢(qián)）做某事。 It takes/took sb. to do sth. 花了某人（時(shí)間、金錢(qián)）做某事。12. not until 直到才 （主句動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞） until 一直到 （主句中使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）13. leave sth.（+in/at 地點(diǎn)） 遺忘或落了某物（在某地）; forget 忘記某事14.write sb a letter=write to sb.給某人寫(xiě)信15. be surprised at 對(duì)感到吃驚; to ones surprise使某人吃驚的是.surprise sb.使某人吃驚

11、（類(lèi)似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）have a surprise party 舉辦一個(gè)驚喜派對(duì)16. argue with sb = have an argument with sb.與某人爭(zhēng)吵 17.return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物歸還給某人18.enough money足夠的錢(qián)(enough修飾名詞時(shí)不必后置)busy enough 夠忙 (enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)必須后置) 19.a ticket to/for a ball game一張球賽的門(mén)票注意：the key to the l

12、ock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此處幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)不能用of表示所有格19.表示某人情緒有關(guān)的形容詞用法: be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed(說(shuō)明：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是某人時(shí)，注意后面的形容詞一般是-ed結(jié)尾的單詞，而當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是某物時(shí)或修飾名詞時(shí)，注意后面形容詞一般是-ing結(jié)尾單詞.）eg.I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the sur

13、prising/interesting/amazing news.20.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞a) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化；b) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能直接做謂語(yǔ)，必須和一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形同時(shí)使用；c) 大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的變化；d)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加上be，通常表示猜測(cè)的語(yǔ)氣。Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?1. in front of - behide 在的前面 - 在的后面in the front of - at the back of 在的前部 - 在的后部（包含在內(nèi)）2.follow sb. to do sth. 跟著某人做某事3.shout at 訓(xùn)

14、斥、責(zé)備; shout to 向喊叫4. What happen？ 發(fā)生什么事了？ happen = take place 發(fā)生take place發(fā)生（強(qiáng)調(diào)必然性）；happen to sth./sb. 發(fā)生（強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性）What has happened to you?=Whats the matter with you?=Whats wrong with you?5.have fun doing sth 干某事有樂(lè)趣 have difficult time doing sth干某事有困難6.have meaning to sb. 對(duì)sb.有意義 （注意用介詞to）7.at the doc

15、tors “在診所” 在這里用名詞所有格表示在那個(gè)地方8.in the tree在樹(shù)上 （外物在樹(shù)上） on the tree在樹(shù)上（樹(shù)上有的，如花，果子）9.on Sunday evening在星期日晚上注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某個(gè)特定的上、下午、晚上用on）10.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 用法：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：be ( was, were )+ Ving時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at that time/moment; at + 點(diǎn)鐘 + yesterday/last night from +點(diǎn)鐘 + to +點(diǎn)鐘 + yesterday; this time

16、yesterday ; just then when he came in, .（when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是過(guò)去時(shí)，并且動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）11when與while都是從屬連詞，都有“當(dāng)時(shí)”的意思。when 可與一個(gè)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間或表示一段的時(shí)間連用，從句動(dòng)詞可以是短暫性或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；while 只指一段時(shí)間，不能指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。因此while從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.1. be mad at sb.因?yàn)槟呈聦?duì)某人發(fā)火（=get mad at/be angry with/be annoyed with）2.

17、 pass ( on ) sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人; pass on （代詞放中間）3. be supposed to = should 應(yīng)該4.have a hard time with sth. 在某事上/做某事處境困難 doing sth.5. true 符合客觀事實(shí)的（人和事）；really 真實(shí)存在的（人和事）6. bothand兩者都（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要注意對(duì)稱(chēng)原則） neither.nor 兩者都不（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要注意就近和對(duì)稱(chēng)原則）7. most of+the+名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）絕大多數(shù)（作主語(yǔ)） most+名詞（復(fù)數(shù)） 大多數(shù)的（作名詞的定語(yǔ)）8.take leave a mes

18、sage 捎（留）個(gè)口信9. 賓語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)詞：that 引導(dǎo)陳述句，在句中可省略； if，whether 引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句，可相互替換（從句中出現(xiàn)or not時(shí)只能使用whether）； wh-，h- 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句。主句從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)各種時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)： 注意：從句講述的是客觀真理時(shí)，不根據(jù)主句改變時(shí)態(tài)。 語(yǔ)序：引導(dǎo)詞后加陳述句語(yǔ)序 “主句 + 引導(dǎo)詞 + 從句主語(yǔ) + 從句謂語(yǔ) + 其他”Direct Speech and Reported Speech直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引子變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句即可。以下是另需變化的兩點(diǎn) 人稱(chēng)和所有格：“ 一主，二賓，三不變 ” 狀語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞的變化

19、Unit 5 If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1.let sb. in/out/by 讓某人進(jìn)來(lái)/出去/過(guò)去 2.be late for 遲到3.be sorry (that) 感到遺憾 4.organize sth. for 為組織某事5.half (of) the class 半班 6. join = take part in 參加7.take away 把拿走、沒(méi)收 bring sth. to 把某物帶來(lái)；take sth. to 把某物帶走.； take sth. from 從把某物帶走8.be famous for 因而出

20、名 be famous as 因作為而出名9. make a living (by) doing sth. 做某事謀生10. decide to do sth. 決定去做某事 （= decide+that從句）11. in order to do sth. 以便、為了 that + 目的狀語(yǔ)從句 = so that in order 整齊、有條理、正常12.too much + 不可數(shù)名詞 too many + 可數(shù)名詞 much too + 形容詞13.against 反對(duì)、與相反、與對(duì)抗 argue against 抵制14條件狀語(yǔ)從句由if或unless引導(dǎo)，表示如果有從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，

21、就會(huì)有主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句是將來(lái)時(shí)、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子時(shí)，從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)的意思（即：主將從現(xiàn)）。if：如果 ；unless：除非 = if not（從句中出現(xiàn)or not時(shí)只能使用whether）；Eg. We will have a meeting tomorrow if Mr. Gao doesnt leave for Shanghai. = We will have a meeting tomorrow unless Mr. Gao leaves for Shanghai.本單元學(xué)習(xí)的是if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。If是連詞，所連接的句子 叫條件狀語(yǔ)

22、 從句，表示假設(shè)或條件，意思是“ 如果的話”，用法如下：1）、表示假設(shè)，表示將會(huì)發(fā)生和可能發(fā)生的事，或進(jìn)行提醒警告。句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下： If +句子（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)），+主句（主語(yǔ)will/may/can) +動(dòng)詞）a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .2. 表示真實(shí)條件、客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、定理定義 . 民 間諺語(yǔ)等，句型是： If + 句子 （一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ），+ 主句 （ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）.例： If you

23、study hard ,you are sure to succeed . If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water .If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft .If a plant dont get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?1. 現(xiàn)在完

24、成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1) 結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + been + V.ing.(2) 用法：A).表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且很有可能持續(xù)下去； Eg. Ive been doing the cleaning all this morning. B).表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的某一動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束； Eg.Youre late again! Ive been waiting here for an hour. C).表示一個(gè)一直到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一再重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。Eg. I have been calling you several times in two days. (3) 時(shí)間狀

25、語(yǔ)：all the time/this morning, since morning, all night, this week/month, recently 等(4) 對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí)使用how long。How long have you been skating?Ive been skating since I was seven years old.Ive been skatingfor 5 years old.2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的持續(xù)、運(yùn)行；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成。如：I have written a letter

26、 to my father.（到現(xiàn)在信已寫(xiě)完）我給我的父親寫(xiě)了一封信。I have been writing a letter to my father.（一直在寫(xiě)，現(xiàn)在還在寫(xiě)）我一直在給我的父親寫(xiě)信。再看：I wrote a letter to my father. 我給我的父親寫(xiě)過(guò)一封信。3. by the way順便說(shuō)一下 on the way to.在的路上4. be interested in對(duì)感興趣 (take an interest in) 5. more than=ove超過(guò)6. fly kites放風(fēng)箏 7.listen to music videos 聽(tīng)音樂(lè)碟片8.orga

27、nize a talent show to raise money for charity 為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐錢(qián)而舉辦的才藝展示9.have problems with the language 語(yǔ)言方面有問(wèn)題17.in Russian style 以俄羅斯的風(fēng)格 10.the capital of Heilongjiang Province 黑龍江的省會(huì)11.an interesting city with a colorful history 一個(gè)有著豐富多彩歷史文化的有趣的城市 12.three and a half years =three years and a half三年半13.a p

28、air of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一雙滑冰鞋/一雙鞋/一副眼鏡/一條褲子/牛仔褲How much is a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?= How much does a(this) pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/je

29、ans cost?13.And although I live quite far from Beijing, Im certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008. 盡管我住得離北京很遠(yuǎn)，但我相信2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)我一定在這兒。(although=though,但不能與but連用； be certain=be sure 相信，確信。14.the+比較級(jí), the+比較級(jí) ； 比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí) “越,越.” Eg.The more you learn,the clever you are. He ran faster and fas

30、ter.15. Every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每位學(xué)生每溜冰一個(gè)小時(shí)就能為慈善事業(yè)籌到10元錢(qián)。every 和each 都表示“每一個(gè)”，但every是指整體，each是指每個(gè)個(gè)體。16. the whole five hours 整整五個(gè)小時(shí) (whole前面要有the)Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?1. turn down/up 調(diào)小/大（音量）turn on/off 打開(kāi)/關(guān)上（電源開(kāi)關(guān)）2. not at all 一點(diǎn)也不 3.

31、right away = in a minute=at once=right now 立刻、馬上4. do/wash the dish 洗碗 5.get out of 出來(lái) 6.feed the dog 喂狗 keep the dog 養(yǎng)狗7. put on 穿上（動(dòng)作） wear 穿著（狀態(tài)） dress sb. 為某人穿衣服8. follow sb. around 跟在某人周?chē)?follow. to do9. get/be mad at sb.= get /be annoy with sb.= get/be angrysb. 對(duì)某人感到惱火10. all the time 一直 11. c

32、omplain about 抱怨12 be polite to sb. 有禮貌地對(duì)某人13. try (not) to do sth. 盡力（不去）做某事14. must be 一定是 15. keep down 保持音量16. seem like 看上去像 sound like 聽(tīng)起來(lái)像 feel like 感覺(jué)像 look like 說(shuō)外貌17. be allowed 被允許 allow (not) to do sth.允許（不）做某事18. even if/though 盡管、即使19. take care = be careful=look/wacth out小心20. in publ

33、ic places 在公眾場(chǎng)合 in public 公開(kāi)地，當(dāng)眾地21. put out 熄滅 22. drop litter 亂丟垃圾 23. pick up 撿起、拾起24.Would you mind turning down the music? 你介不介意把音樂(lè)聲關(guān)小呢？Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做（不做）？= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 請(qǐng)你做（不做）好嗎？25. The pen you bought didnt work. = The pen you bought wasnt bro

34、ken. = There was something wrong with the pen you bought.= Something was wrong with the pen you bought. 你買(mǎi)的那把筆壞了。26.stand to do sth. “忍受做某事”27. This happens to me all the time in the school library. 在學(xué)校圖書(shū)館我一直碰上這種事。（ happen to sb. “發(fā)生在某人身上”）28. Would you mind keeping your voice down? 你介不介意把音量放小呢？voic

35、e: 名詞，指說(shuō)話和唱歌地嗓音； talk in a loud voice 高聲交談noise: 名詞，指人們不愿聽(tīng)到地噪音；sound: 名詞，泛指自然界一切可以聽(tīng)到的聲音。29.Its better to do sth.=had better do sth.“最好做某事” （had better是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?1.get sb. sth.=get sth. to sb. 為某人買(mǎi)某物 (get=buy, buy.for)2. have fun with sth. 做有樂(lè)趣 have fun doing sth.3. hea

36、r of 聽(tīng)說(shuō) (=hear about)4. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事 5. make progress 取得進(jìn)步 6. be able to = can 能夠7.from across China = from all over China 來(lái)自全中國(guó) pare with/to sth. 與相比9. fall asleep 入睡（動(dòng)作） be asleep 入睡（狀態(tài)）10. Why dont you get her a scarf? 為什么不給她買(mǎi)條圍巾呢？ get sb. sth. for 為了 給某人買(mǎi)某物( = get sth. to sb.

37、 for )注意：當(dāng)sth. 是代詞時(shí)，不可使用第二種用法。11. Thats not interesting enough. 那不夠有趣。enough有兩種詞性：當(dāng)它用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，作為副詞，應(yīng)放在所修飾的詞之后，如上句；當(dāng)它用來(lái)修飾名詞時(shí),應(yīng)放在名詞之后，如：I dont have enough time to spend with her.12. What a lucky guy! 幸運(yùn)的家伙！=How lucky the guy is!13. Now shes too big to sleep in the house. 現(xiàn)在她太大了不能睡在屋子里。too to ：太以致于不能

38、= so that 主語(yǔ) cant .=not.enough to do.e.g. He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he cant go to school. = He isnt old enough to go to school. = He is very young and he cant go to school.注意：tooto是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，而sothat是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。并且當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的主句主語(yǔ)和從句主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，在句型中要用for sb.來(lái)表述。如：The digital camera is so expen

39、sive that we cant buy it.= The digital camera is too expensive for us to buy.= The digital camera isnt cheap enough for us to buy.= The digital camera is very expensive and we cant buy it.15. My shoes were really cheap. They only cost $5. 我的鞋子真的很便宜。只要花5美圓。cost：花費(fèi)（金錢(qián)）主語(yǔ)為物； pay：花費(fèi)（金錢(qián)）主語(yǔ)為人；（需和for連用）tak

40、e：花費(fèi)（時(shí)間、金錢(qián)）主語(yǔ)為物；spend ：花費(fèi)（時(shí)間、金錢(qián)）主語(yǔ)為人。（后有介詞on 或動(dòng)詞的ing形式）16. Why dont you +V原?= Why not +V原? 為什么不.呢？17. instead 為副詞，在句首、句末獨(dú)立作狀語(yǔ) “相反”instead of 為介詞短語(yǔ)，后面接名詞、代詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞-ing(=rather than，但是rather than前后的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和人稱(chēng)是相一致的)eg. I wont go with him.Ill go with you instead.= Ill go with you instead of him.Unit 9 Have

41、you ever been to an amusement park?1. hear of/about 聽(tīng)說(shuō) hear from 收到的消息/來(lái)信2. think about 考慮 think of 想起；認(rèn)為 3. take a ride 兜風(fēng) 4. end up 結(jié)束 5.three quarters of 四分之三 eg. three fifths 五分之三英語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)巧記 :英語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)不費(fèi)事，母序子基四個(gè)字 ;分子若是大于一，分母還須加-s. 6.Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)水上公園嗎？No, I havent.不，我沒(méi)有。Me neit

42、her. = Neither/Nor have I. 我也沒(méi)有。這是一個(gè)否定的省略句。它的結(jié)構(gòu)是“ Neither/Nor + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。而用在肯定的省略句中時(shí)要使用so，它的結(jié)構(gòu)是“So+ be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”。如：- I paid 20 yuan for this book. - So did I.7. Its just so much fun in Disneyland. 迪斯尼樂(lè)園里有如此之多的樂(lè)趣。More than three quarters of the population are Chinese. 超過(guò)四分之三的人是中國(guó)人。8. This

43、is because the island is so close to the equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like. 就因?yàn)檫@個(gè)島是如此接近赤道。所以只要你愿意你任何時(shí)候都可以去。9. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (1) 用法：動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成; 過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響；過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。(2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + V.過(guò)去分詞(3) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, fo

44、r a long time, for + 一段時(shí)間, since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過(guò)去時(shí)的從句，等。(4) 注意事項(xiàng): A. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài),重點(diǎn)表達(dá)目前的結(jié)果和狀態(tài); B. 表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在用for + 時(shí)間段, since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間連用。對(duì)for與since短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)用how long。 C. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)從不與when引起的疑問(wèn)句聯(lián)用。 D. have been to：去過(guò) have gone to：去了 have been in：呆在 E. 短暫性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞： buy - have hadborrow - have kept make friends - ha

45、ve been friends join - have been in / have been a member of become - have been a member die - have been deadget to know - have known come/go to do - have done catch a cold - have had a cold begin/start to do - have done begin / start - have been on enter / come / arrive / get to / reach - have been

46、in/at go / leave for / set off / set out - have been away from10. since，for在現(xiàn)在完成（進(jìn)行）時(shí)中的用法差異(1) since 后接過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句。He has been an English teacher since three years ago.We have known each other since we came to study in this university.(2) for后接時(shí)間段。 He has lived here for three years.11. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)

47、去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如： He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以來(lái)他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里） He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在這里。（并不涉及他現(xiàn)在是否住在這里）Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt?1. forge

48、t to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事2. look through 瀏覽3.cross a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿過(guò)一條繁忙的街道 （穿過(guò)表面） go through 穿過(guò)（空間/房間/森林等） go past 經(jīng)過(guò)/路過(guò)4. think of 想起、認(rèn)為 5.come along 出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生 ，跟著來(lái)6.be friendly to sb. 對(duì)某人友好7. get along/on with sb. 與某人相處的8. have a birthday party 舉辦一個(gè)生日聚會(huì)9. at least 至少（反義：at most） 10. at the school dining room 在學(xué)校的餐廳里11. a thank-you note 感謝信 12