四級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)匯總

1、四級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)一、中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食是節(jié)日必不可少的伴侶。例如，我國(guó)的端午節(jié)(the Dragon Boat Festival)是紀(jì)念古代 詩(shī)人屈原的日子。那一天，人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿(mǎn)月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征 著圓滿(mǎn)，象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。因此，中秋節(jié)(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅。春節(jié)是中國(guó) 的農(nóng)歷新年(the Chinese lunar New Years holiday)，除了常見(jiàn)的家禽和肉類(lèi)之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗 烹制傳統(tǒng)食物，如餃子和年糕。Traditional Chinese holiday meal

2、s are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round

3、moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Years holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example,

4、 jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao .二、北京有無(wú)數(shù)的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來(lái)了無(wú)窮的魅力。北京的胡同不僅僅 是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門(mén)建筑藝術(shù)。通常，胡同內(nèi)有一個(gè)大雜院，房間夠4到10個(gè)家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充滿(mǎn)了友善和人情味。如今，隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同被新的高樓大 廈所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下來(lái)。In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings en

5、dless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of

6、 friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.三、過(guò)去的七年，中國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)(real estate)業(yè)經(jīng)歷了前所未有的高速增長(zhǎng)。對(duì)于那些月薪較低卻渴望在大城市 擁有一套屬于自己的體面、舒適的棲身之所的人來(lái)說(shuō)，高昂的房?jī)r(jià)是他們無(wú)法承受的負(fù)擔(dān)。鑒于這一狀況，政府 近來(lái)采取了一系列的措施來(lái)防止房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)快增長(zhǎng)，包

7、括提高利率及增加房產(chǎn)稅等。目前，這些措施在部分城市已經(jīng)取得了初步的成效。In the past seven years, Chinas real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For

8、 this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.四、如今，越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)生抱怨很難找到好工作。造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因如下：首先，大學(xué)生把在校

9、的大多數(shù) 時(shí)間都用在了專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)上，只有當(dāng)他們開(kāi)始找工作的時(shí)候，才意識(shí)到自己缺乏必要的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。其次，大 學(xué)生之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也越來(lái)越激烈，這導(dǎo)致任何一名大學(xué)生找到工作的機(jī)會(huì)都變小了。因此，強(qiáng)烈建議大學(xué)生在 課余時(shí)間做一些兼職工作，以積累相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college stud

10、ents spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual gradu

11、ate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.五、剪紙(paper cutting)是中國(guó)最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國(guó)剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝 和清朝時(shí)期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境，特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間， 剪紙被用來(lái)裝飾門(mén)窗和房

12、間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國(guó)剪紙?jiān)谑?界各地很受歡迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國(guó)友人的禮物。Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with pape

13、r cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cuttin

14、g is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.六、對(duì)龍圖騰他的崇拜在中國(guó)大約已綿延了八千多年。中國(guó)龍是古人將魚(yú)、蛇、馬、牛等動(dòng)物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。 中國(guó)龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過(guò)程同步。在中國(guó)人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開(kāi)拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。 Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The an

15、cients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To th

16、e Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 七、秧歌舞是中國(guó)漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動(dòng)作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽(tīng)到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會(huì)蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過(guò)跳秧歌舞來(lái)保持健康，同事他們也樂(lè)在其中。Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China. It is usually performed i

17、n northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and apprecia

18、te the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year. 八、長(zhǎng)城是人類(lèi)創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國(guó)卻沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，就想到了巴黎沒(méi)有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒(méi)有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說(shuō)：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢?！睂?shí)際上，長(zhǎng)城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后才將其連城

19、長(zhǎng)城。然而，今天我們看到的長(zhǎng)城東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)大部分都是在明代修建的。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say

20、, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east t

21、o Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. 九、在中國(guó)北方的一些地區(qū)，冬至要喝餃子湯；其他一些地區(qū)的居民則會(huì)吃餃子，他們認(rèn)為吃餃子可以免受來(lái)年的霜凍。然而，在南方，最常見(jiàn)的慶祝方法是一家人聚到一起，吃上一頓用紅豆和糯米做成的飯，他們相信這樣可以驅(qū)鬼辟邪。還有一些地區(qū)會(huì)吃湯圓。冬至的湯圓也可能會(huì)被用于祭祀，或者饋贈(zèng)親友。臺(tái)灣人甚至還保留著向祖先進(jìn)貢九層糕的習(xí)俗。他們用糯米粉捏成雞、鴨、龜、豬、牛、羊等象征福祿壽的動(dòng)物，然后用蒸籠分層蒸熟。In some parts of north China,

22、 people have jiaozi soup on this day; while residents of some other places eat jiaozi, saying doing so will keep them from frost in the upcoming winter. But in south China, it is commonplace for the whole family to get together to have a meal made of red beans and glutinous rice. They believe, by do

23、ing this, they can drive away ghosts and other evil things. In other places, people also eat tangyuan, a kind of stuffed small dumpling ball made of glutinous rice flour. The Winter Solstice rice dumplings may be used as sacrifices to ancestors, or gifts for friends and relatives. The Taiwanese even

24、 keep the custom of offering nine-layer cakes to their ancestors. They made cakes in the shape of chicken, duck, tortoise, pig, cow or sheep with glutinous rice flour and steam them on different layers of a pot. These animals all signify auspiciousness in Chinese tradition.十、針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，

25、針灸療法主要是通過(guò)疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來(lái)達(dá)到陰陽(yáng)歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點(diǎn)是“內(nèi)病外治”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ唬赃_(dá)到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)。治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國(guó)的“新四大國(guó)粹”。 Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in

26、 TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the bodys yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The

27、 main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patients body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patients acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation

28、 and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.” 十一、中國(guó)功夫即中國(guó)武術(shù)，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動(dòng)之中的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目，承載著豐富的中國(guó)民族傳統(tǒng)

29、文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說(shuō)，同時(shí)兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國(guó)武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對(duì)生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱(chēng)十八般武藝，主要指：徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of att

30、ack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing ones spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism a

31、nd Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kind

32、s of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halb

33、erds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on. 十二、漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡(jiǎn)單圖畫(huà)，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨(dú)特文字?，F(xiàn)存中國(guó)古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書(shū)、楷書(shū)、草書(shū)、行書(shū)等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“外圓內(nèi)方“， 源于古人”天圓地方“的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫(huà)，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。 Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember thin

34、gs. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded a

35、s the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient

36、Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “-“ (the horizontal stroke) “” (the vertical stroke), “”( the left-falling stroke), “” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke). 十三、中國(guó)人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年?？曜庸艜r(shí)稱(chēng)

37、為箸，它看似簡(jiǎn)單，但卻同時(shí)具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能。中國(guó)民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成雙結(jié)對(duì)的筷子含有“和為貴“的意蘊(yùn)。西方人贊譽(yù)筷子是古老的東方文明。 與其他民族一樣，中國(guó)最初的食用方法也是“以手奉飯”，也就是用手抓，或用手撕，至于使用筷子、叉、刀、匙等進(jìn)餐用具，則都是較晚的方法。其中，筷子是中國(guó)進(jìn)餐習(xí)俗中的一絕，至今已有數(shù)千年的歷史?？曜邮侨粘Ｉ钪薪?jīng)常用到的一種進(jìn)餐工具，也是中國(guó)人進(jìn)餐時(shí)的必備用具。古代稱(chēng)為“箸”，今俗稱(chēng)筷子。中國(guó)人什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始使用筷子進(jìn)餐的，已經(jīng)無(wú)從查起。最初的記載是在2000年前所編輯

38、的一本叫做禮記的書(shū)中。Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such

39、as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or be

40、nediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or ones own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization. Similar to people of other nationalit

41、ies, ancient Chinese people grasped or tore food with their bare hands at the beginning. Chopsticks, forks, knives and spoons were used much later, of which chopsticks, with a history of thousands of years, are a wonder of Chinese dining utensils.Chopsticks are the dining utensils most frequently us

42、ed in Chinese peoples daily life. In ancient china, they were called zhu. When the Chinese began to use chopsticks as an eating instrument is anybodys guess. They were first mentioned in writing in Liji(The Book of Rites), a work compiled some 2000 years ago.十四、印章就是圖章。中國(guó)歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱(chēng)

43、謂，而帝王所用的印章古時(shí)稱(chēng)璽、印、寶、章等。據(jù)史料記載，印章在戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽(yáng)的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色 鈐蓋，除日常應(yīng)用外，又多用于書(shū)畫(huà)題識(shí)，逐漸成為中國(guó)特有的藝術(shù)形式之一。 Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lea

44、se and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or im

45、ages in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of Chinas unique

46、 artworks. 十五、天干地支是中國(guó)歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法。十天干為：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人觀測(cè)朔望月，發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮圓缺12次大體上是一年的天數(shù)，而兩個(gè)朔望月約是60天。古人以十天干與十二地支的順序依次相配，記錄不同年份，60年為一個(gè)輪回。干支紀(jì)年法從古沿用至今。按干支紀(jì)年法，2011年便是辛卯年。 Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years

47、. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar m

48、onths account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still i

49、n use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”. 十六、京劇被譽(yù)為“東方歌劇”， 是地道的中國(guó)國(guó)粹。它起源于中國(guó)多種古老的地方戲劇，特別是南方的“徽班”。到了19世紀(jì)末，京劇形成并成為中國(guó)最大的戲曲劇種。京劇是綜合性表演藝術(shù)，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體，通過(guò)

50、程式化的表演手段，敘述故事，刻畫(huà)人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當(dāng)。 京劇(Beijing Opera)是中國(guó)的國(guó)粹。作為一門(mén)古老的藝術(shù)，京劇的服裝（costume)、臉譜(facial mask)更易被人喜愛(ài)。不同的服裝類(lèi)型反映不同的人物身份特征。富貴者的服裝綴滿(mǎn)精美的刺繡;窮困者的服裝則簡(jiǎn)單樸素，少有裝飾(elemental)。臉譜是京劇中塑造人物形象的重要手段，它是用不同的顏色在臉上勾畫(huà)出來(lái)的。臉譜的顏色讓人一看便知角色(portray)的善惡。比如白色代表奸詐(treachery)， 黑色代表正直不阿，黃色是驍勇，藍(lán)、綠色多用于綠林好漢(re

51、bellious fighters)，金、銀色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等Chinese Beijing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera

52、evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts-song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are

53、 sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female). Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of diffe

54、rent characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of the noble，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero fro

55、m a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.十七、道教是中國(guó)土生土長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的宗教。創(chuàng)始人是春秋末期的哲學(xué)家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的道德經(jīng)為主要經(jīng)典。道教

56、主張“重人貴生”。崇尚清靜無(wú)為，修身養(yǎng)性?！暗揽傻?，非常道。名可名，非常名。無(wú)名天地之始；有名萬(wàn)物之母。故常無(wú)，欲以觀其妙；常有，欲以觀其徼”便是老子的至理名言。 Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed

57、 to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human beings life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from ones mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozis

58、 golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, only he that rids himself fo

59、rever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes. 十八、中國(guó)成語(yǔ)是漢語(yǔ)中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語(yǔ)?！俺烧Z(yǔ)”中的“成”既是約定俗成。成語(yǔ)是比詞大而語(yǔ)法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語(yǔ)言單位。絕大多數(shù)的中國(guó)成語(yǔ)由四個(gè)漢字組成，例如：自強(qiáng)不息、青出于藍(lán)、厚積薄發(fā)。成語(yǔ)主要從民間諺語(yǔ)、古代文學(xué)作品、詩(shī)歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分。 Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is