定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)和疑難點(diǎn)

1、定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)和疑難點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞， 分關(guān)關(guān)系代詞有 that, which,定語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。 系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類， 它們要在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成份。 who, whom, whose, as ；關(guān)系副詞有 when, where, why?！娟P(guān)鍵點(diǎn) 】弄清楚關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從在定語(yǔ)從句中永遠(yuǎn)都缺少一個(gè)成分， 不存在不缺少成分的情況。句中充當(dāng)什么成分， 是掌握定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。 判斷到底是用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo) 定語(yǔ)從句，就要看從句中是否缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；若是，則選擇關(guān)系代詞；若不 是，說(shuō)明從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞。試對(duì)比以

2、下兩道高考試題：06 山東）（ 1）We are trying to reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.A. which B. that C. where D. when（ 2） Do you have anything to say for yourselves?06 江西） Yes， there's one pointwe must insist on A whyB whereChowD /句意：關(guān)系代析:keys: C D.第1題，從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，where在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。我們現(xiàn)在就是要設(shè)

3、法達(dá)到雙方坐下來(lái)和談的程度。 第 2 題，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)時(shí)， 詞可省略。【 疑難點(diǎn) 】一）介詞 +which / whom1. 介詞的選擇取決于三種情況：定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或表語(yǔ)的搭配；先行詞的需要； 先行詞和從句的語(yǔ)境相結(jié)合。/數(shù)詞 /代詞 + of +2. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“名詞 which / whom ”的結(jié)構(gòu)。高考考例：二）as, which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的差別as 和 which 所代表的都是整個(gè)句子所表示的內(nèi)容。有兩點(diǎn)不同之處：1 ）在形式上 as 引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句后面，主句之前，也可插入主句中間；而which?引導(dǎo)的非

4、限制定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句之后。2）在意義上，as定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系是一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如 ”，“就象.”； 而which定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系， 或which從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論，相當(dāng)于“ and this” or “ and that”，常譯為“這，這一點(diǎn)” 。三）定語(yǔ)從句與并列句如果兩個(gè)分句中間用逗號(hào)隔開， 要求在第二個(gè)分句填入一個(gè)代詞的話， 首先要弄清句子 結(jié)構(gòu)。第二分句前如有and，but，or，so等詞，它就是并列分句，要用人稱代詞或指示代詞。 第二分句前如無(wú) and，but，or，so等詞，它就是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞。四）定語(yǔ)從句與其他從句的區(qū)別1. th

5、at 可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 , 名詞性從句 , 狀語(yǔ)從句 .that 在從句中作成分是定語(yǔ)從句； 若在 從句中不作成分時(shí)，則為其它從句。2. When, where, why 既可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 , 又可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或狀語(yǔ)從句。 在定語(yǔ)從句中， when, where， why 前面有分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞以之對(duì)應(yīng)， 與先行詞在語(yǔ)義上是有關(guān)聯(lián)的； 而在其它從句中無(wú)此對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系， 但有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為定語(yǔ)從句： whenT the time when ；wherethe place where 或 in/at/to the place where ；why the reason why。以whe

6、re為例加以說(shuō)明：Go and get your coat. It's in the place where you left it.（ 定語(yǔ)從句， 句中有先行詞 the place）Go and get your coat. It' s where you left it.（表語(yǔ)從句，where= in the place where）I don' t know where he came from.（賓語(yǔ)從句， where= the place where）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主語(yǔ)從句， where= the pl

7、ace where）They arose the question where we were to get the machines needed.（同位語(yǔ)從句，where 與question沒有意義上的聯(lián)系）You'd better not leave the medicine where kids can get at it.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句， where 與 themedicine 沒有意義上的聯(lián)系，where=at the place where.）（ 08 山東）五）幾個(gè)特殊表達(dá)形式：1. way后面的定語(yǔ)從句（用 that/ in which或省略）。2. activity

8、、point、situation、job、business、scenes case等表示扌由象意義的地點(diǎn)名詞， 后常用 where或in which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；occasion后則常用 when或 on which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。六）定語(yǔ)從句中的“隔離”現(xiàn)象1. 有時(shí)為了行文的需要，定語(yǔ)從句和它所修飾的先行詞被謂語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，第一后置定語(yǔ) 等成分所分隔。解此類試題，找準(zhǔn)先行詞是關(guān)鍵。2. 為了增加語(yǔ)言的靈活性和豐富性，在定語(yǔ)從句中經(jīng)常使用插入語(yǔ)，尤其是在關(guān)系詞 和其引導(dǎo)的從句之間。解題時(shí)，忽略掉插入語(yǔ)，題就變得簡(jiǎn)單了?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】1. By nine o'clock, all the O

9、lympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, app eared a rare rainbow soon.A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which2. For many cities in the world, there is no room to sp read our further, _New York is an exa mple.A. for whichB. i n whichC. of whichD. from which3. We saw se

10、veral n atives adva ncing towards our p arty, and one of them came up to us,weD. with whichgave some bells and glasses.in the degreethey can beA. to which B. to whomC. with whom4. Human facial expressions differ from those of animalsD. for which wan ted to buy it.D. n either of whomcon trolled on pu

11、rpo se.A. with whichB.to whichC. of which5. Last week, only two people came to look at the house,A. none of them B. both of themC. none of whom6. The man p ulled out a gold watch,were made of small diamon ds.A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which thehandsof D. the hands of which7.The roa

12、d con diti ons there turned out to be very good, A. itB. whatC. whichwas more tha n we could expect.D. that68.The Beatles,A. whatmany of you are old eno ugh to remember, came from Liver po ol.B. thatC. howD. as9.is ofte n the case, we have worked out the p roducti on plan.A. WhichB. WhenC. WhatD. As

13、10.1 don t mind her criticizing me, but_is how she does it that I object to.A. itB. thatC. thisD. which11. His movie won several awards at the film festival,was bey ond his wildest dream.A. which B. that C. where D. it12. The grow ing sp eed of a plant is in flue need by a nu mber of factors,are bey

14、 ond our con trol.A. most of them B. most of whichC. most of what D. most of that13.You can only be sure of you have at p rese nt; you cannot be sure of someth ing _you might get in the future.A. that; whatB. what; /C. which; thatD. /; that14 It has been proved ill nesses in later life.eatingvegetab

15、les in childhood helps to protect you against seriousA. ifB. becauseC. whe nD. that15.I' ve heard a whisperDavid and Heather are heading for marriage.A . whatB. whichC. whoD. that16.Pop music is such an imp orta nt part of societyit has even in flue need our Ian guage.A. as B. that C. which D. w

16、here17. The traditi onal view is _we slee p because our brain isA. whe nB. why C. whether D. that18. What surp rised me was not what he said but he said it .“ programmed ” to make us do so.A . the way B . in the way that C . in the way D . the way which19.Ma ny people who had see n the film were afr

17、aid to go to the forest whe n they remembered the people were eate n by the tiger.scenesA. i n whichC. whichB. by which20.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity heari ng.D. thatsight matters more thanA. whe nB. whoseC. whichD. where21.The schools themselves admit that not al

18、l childre n will be successful in the jobs are being train ed.A . in that B . for that C. in which D. for whichthey22.Occasi ons are quite rareI have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. who B. whichC. why D. whe n23.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints

19、haveresulted in cha nges in the law.A. whereB. whe nC. whoD. which24.The village has deve loped a lotwe lear ned farming two years ago.A. whe nB. whichC. thatD. where25.After graduati on she reached a point in her careerA. thatB. whatC. whichD. whereshe n eeded to decide what to do26.The film brought hours back to meI was take n good care of in that faraway village.A. un tilB. thatC. whe nD. where27