謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前的這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱為倒裝

1、羃謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前的這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱為倒裝。從倒裝的形式來(lái)看，可分為全部倒裝full inversion )和部分倒裝( partial inversion )兩種。前者是指整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)置于主語(yǔ)之前，而后者僅是指助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或 be 動(dòng)詞等功能置于主語(yǔ)這前。蒈 引起倒裝的情況多種多樣，倒裝的表現(xiàn)形式大體有下列幾種：螇 1. 在疑問(wèn)句中袂例 1 ：How are you getting along with your work？螂例 2 ： Is this report written in detail？薈 注：如疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)或者作定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不發(fā)生倒裝。膈 2. 在 there be

2、及其類似結(jié)構(gòu)中薄例 1： There are forty students in our class.薀例 2 ： There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet.蚈例 3 ： There stands a bridge across the river.薈 3. 在表示祝愿的句子中肂例 1 ： Long live the People's Republic of China！例 2：May you succeed例 3 ： Dog-tired though they were， they continued to march

3、 on.蚅 4. 在省略 if 的虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件狀語(yǔ)從句中螄 這類句子中有 were ， had ， should 等詞時(shí)，把 were ， had 或 should 置于句首。莂例 1 ： Were there no air or water， there would be no life in the world.袈例 2 ： Had you been more careful， such spelling mistakes might havebeen avoided.肆 5. 在 so ，nor ， neither 或 no more 開(kāi)頭的句子中蒆 此類句子通常表示前面一句話中的謂語(yǔ)所

4、說(shuō)明的情況，也適用于另一句中的主語(yǔ)。例如：膁1) This problem is not difficult and neither is that one.袇2 ) Coal is under the ground in some places，and so is oil.蕆 6. 在以具有否定意義的副詞、連詞及詞組開(kāi)頭的句子中羄 這些詞和詞組通常有： rarely ， never ，scarcely ， no sooner ， little ， few ，hardly ，seldom ， at no time ，in no way ，on no account ， nowhere ，nob

5、ody ，not only 等。例如：1 ) Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains.2 ) Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.3 ) Not only did he complain about the food， he also refused to pay for it.4 ) Little did we think his speech had made so deep an impression on hi

6、s audience.羃 7. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)時(shí)肇例 1 ： Worst of all were the humiliations.肅例 2 ： Such is the case.肄 8. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)螞例 1 ： Still greater contributions should we make to our socialistconstruction.膇例 2 ： Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid.注：當(dāng)前置賓語(yǔ)由 “ not a 名詞 ”或者 “ not a single 名詞 ”構(gòu)成時(shí)，也會(huì)引起倒裝。

7、例如：Alice had a terrible time touring that country. Not a day did she spendwithout having some unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel.9. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)1 ）當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)為方位詞或擬聲詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為go ，come 等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞時(shí)句子須倒裝。例如：袇 1 ) Up went the plane.芃2 ) In came the chairman and the meeting began.蒃 注：如果主語(yǔ)是代詞則不發(fā)生倒裝。例如：薁1 ) Out the

8、y rushed！芇2) Lower and lower he bent.羅 (2 )當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時(shí)，句子須倒裝。例如：節(jié)1 ) Round the corner walked a large policeman.蟻2 ) Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.(3 )當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)由 “only 副詞 ”， “ only 介詞詞組 ”，“only 狀語(yǔ)從句 ”構(gòu)成時(shí)，句子須倒裝。例如：蒃1 )Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.2

9、) Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get sometickets in the end.4 ）當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)為 here ， there ， now ， then 等時(shí)，句子須倒裝，主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，句子不用倒裝。例如：螅 1 ) Here is a ticket for you.膅2 ) Now comes your turn.螀3 ) Here he comes.袀(5 )以關(guān)聯(lián)詞so (that )開(kāi)頭的句子中，句子須倒裝。例如：膆 1 ) So small was the mark that I could har

10、dly see it.薃 2 ) So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given abonus.袃 3 ) So much does he worry about his financial position that he can'tsleep at night.羀 注：在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，“so形容詞"是表語(yǔ)的前置：“so副詞"是狀語(yǔ)的前置。薇 10. 在直接引語(yǔ)之后蒞 在敘事性書面語(yǔ)中，直接引語(yǔ)后常跟 asked Mary ， answered John ， said theold l

11、ady ， grunted Peter 之類的詞語(yǔ)。在這些詞語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞常的主語(yǔ)之前，主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，不用倒裝。例如：1 ) “What do you mean？ ” asked Henry.肀2 ) “ What do you mean ？ ” he asked.羈 11. often ， many a time 等表示頻度的狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)螃例如： Often did they think of going there， but they never had a chance.莁 12. 在 as ， though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中膀在 as ， though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般將形容詞、副詞或名詞等置于句首。例如：Small as the atom is， we can smash it.僅供個(gè)人用于學(xué)習(xí)、研究；不得用于商業(yè)用途For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use.Nur f u r den pers?nlichen f u r Studien, Forschungommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden.Pour l ' e tu