動(dòng)詞-ing形式的用法

1、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的句法功能一、做主語(yǔ);e.g. Reading good books makes us . Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.通常為了避免主語(yǔ)過(guò)于冗長(zhǎng)，用it作形式主語(yǔ) (請(qǐng)改寫(xiě)上面兩個(gè)句子)1.2.常用于固定句型 Its a waste of time doing sth / Its no/little good/use doing sthe.g. Its no use arguing with you.（argue 和爭(zhēng)吵、爭(zhēng)辯） Its a waste of time working on this prob

2、lem. / Its no use reasoning with him. / Its no good reading in dim light. / Its no good crying over spilt milk.( cry over sth 為而哭泣。Cry for sth 哭鬧著要什么東西。Spill/spilt/spilt vt.溢出、濺出) Its no good quarrelling about it any longer. ( quarrel vi.爭(zhēng)吵)并列句中用動(dòng)詞-ing形式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)該具備一致性，即兩個(gè)分句都用動(dòng)詞-ing形式做主語(yǔ)。Eg. Swimming is

3、 good for your health and doing eye-exercises is good for your eyes. 簡(jiǎn)單句中如果主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)是同位關(guān)系，也應(yīng)該注意動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一致性，即主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)均使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式. Eg Seeing is believing.二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有（需要記?。篍njoy/consider/escape/avoid 喜歡考慮不逃避Stop/give up/object to/risk 停止放棄不冒險(xiǎn)Admit/understand/be worth 承認(rèn)理解很值得Mind/imagine/de

4、lay/put off 反對(duì)想象莫推遲Require/finish/look forward to要求完成是期望Suggest/keep on/practice 建議繼續(xù)勤操練Cant help/excuse/insist on 不禁原諒要堅(jiān)持Go on/appreciate/succeed in 繼續(xù)欣賞便成功注意appreciate 后面只能接“事”作賓語(yǔ)，不能接“人”作賓語(yǔ)，與thank 用法相反。Eg. we will appreciate hearing from you again. We will thank you for your letter I appreciate yo

5、ur kindness.( )I appreciate you for your kindness.( )He thanked her for her kindness.( ) He thanked her kindness. ( )請(qǐng)翻譯幾個(gè)句子：1。He should avoid doing tasks that require great alertness, such as driving a car. (alertness.警覺(jué)) 2. Mr smith is considering buying a computer, which is consider to be a great

6、 help in our work or study.3.I could not resist telling him the secret. （resist 忍受、反對(duì)、抵抗） 4. The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.5.（1）Wood is used to make into desks (be used to +動(dòng)詞原形 表示“被用于”).（2）I used to have a walk after supper, but now I am used to playing basketball.Used to do sth

7、 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常做的事情 be used to doing sth 表示“習(xí)慣于做的事情”。又如：I am used to shopping alone. She is used to getting up early.6.when he heard his father had gone, he could not help crying.7.I can not stand sitting and doing nothing / I can not stand working with him./ I can not stand being laughed at./ I can not sta

8、nd feeling guilty.(有罪的、內(nèi)疚的)8.she did not feel like eating anything yesterday9.Both of my parents insisted on buying a computer for me, but I think it is not necessary.10. We look forward to meeting you again. 11. You should not devote your spare time to playing computer games. Doctors and nurses sho

9、uld devote themselves to looking after the sick She devoted herself to teaching.12. I have great difficulty (in) dealing with others./ we had much trouble in finding the Toms house請(qǐng)比較：forget to do sth / forget doing sth remember to do sth / remember doing sth Regret /stop / try /mean /go on /cant he

10、lp to do sthRegret /stop / try /mean /go on /cant help doing sth請(qǐng)翻譯幾個(gè)句子：1. Dont forget to lock the door when you leave2. I remember returning the book to the library.3. I regret having told her earlier / I regret to tell you that I will leave tomorrow4. He stopped reading. / He stopped to read.三、動(dòng)詞-

11、ing形式及其短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（1）表示感官的動(dòng)詞 see hear feel watch find notice(注意到) catch（撞見(jiàn)、偶然發(fā)覺(jué)）observed（看到、注意到）sb doing sth 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。1.He observed a stranger hanging near the gate of the school. 2. I caught a stranger sliding into the managers office.3.I felt someone patting on the should.4.I noticed them talking in

12、low voices.5.The police caught him stealing a car.6.He saw a girl getting on the bus./ He saw a girl get on the bus and drive off. (用動(dòng)詞原形表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程)7.I noticed the boy _(beat) by his mother.8.Do you mind _(jim)_(leave) alone at home?9.While shopping, people sometimes cannot help _(persuade) into buyin

13、g something they dont really need. ( she persuaded me into buying it )(2) 表示“使役”的動(dòng)詞 have make get leave keep (重點(diǎn)) set catchI am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ) Eg Travelling is interesting but tiring. / This food smells inviting (吸引人的、誘人的)My favorite sport is swimming. /

14、 Their job is cleaning the floor.把動(dòng)詞-ing形式當(dāng)成形容詞或名詞四、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ) (一)、單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作前置定語(yǔ) A walking stick = a stick for walking / a racing bicycle = a bicycle for racingA sleeping car =a car for sleeping. 說(shuō)明被修飾名詞的用途和性能 A walking child =a child who is walking / a sleeping girl = a girl who is sleeping 說(shuō)明被修

15、飾名詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 （二）作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式如果是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面 Eg The man standing by the window is our teacher (三)、作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作要與主句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如果兩者不能同時(shí)發(fā)生的話(huà)，則需使用定語(yǔ)從句。Eg The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.五、動(dòng)詞-ing形式

16、作狀語(yǔ)（重點(diǎn)）：表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步（放在句首）、 伴隨和結(jié)果（放在句末）。動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。用doing表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。用 having done 表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用having been done / being done 表示。 Eg 1._(walk) along the street, I met an old friend of mine. 2._(finish) my work, I sat down to take a rest.

17、 3._(cheat) many times, she now does not believe anybody.4._(not receive) a reply, he decided to write again. 5._(be) there many times, I know the city very well. 6._(get) home, I found my book missing. 7._(be) tired, I stopped to take a rest. 8._(turn) to the left, you will find the school. 9._(kno

18、w) where I live, he never comes to see me.10._(be) more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.11._(live) in london for many years, I almost know every place quite well.12._(not know) his telephone number, I cannot get in touch with him.13.The students entered into the classroom, _(talk) and _(laugh).

19、14.He came into the room, _（hold）an umbrella in his hand.15.It rains heavily , _(cause) severe (嚴(yán)重的) flooding (洪災(zāi))in the area.16.The fire lasted nearly a month ,_(leave) nothing valuable.17.His parents died in the accident, _(leave) him an orphan.18._(admit) what you say, I still think you are wrong

20、.19._(repeat) his words many times, the teacher could not make his students understand.20.I stood by the door, _(not dare) to say a word.21.He was walking along the street,_(look) at this and that.22.They sailed up and down the river, _(search) the missing goods.六、當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，動(dòng)詞-ing形式前經(jīng)常

21、加上自己的主語(yǔ)，此結(jié)構(gòu)被稱(chēng)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1.It_(be) a holiday, all the shops were shut.2.Class_(be) over, children could play football.3.Time _(permit), we will go for a picnic with you.4.The train_(go) ,we had to wait another day.5.The key to the bike _(lose) ,he had to walk to school.6.Everyone _(be) ready , the teacher began his class.7.The boy _(lead) the way , we had no trouble in finding the strange cave.8.Many eyes _(watch) him, he felt a bit nervous.9.The stud