高考英語一輪復習語法專項講解--名詞

1、高考英語語法專項講解-名詞考點清單一名詞的數一、可數名詞復數的規(guī)則變化1 .一般情況下，詞尾直接加-s,如:students, teachers,trees2 .以-s,-x,-ch,-sh 結尾的, 加-es或口： boxes , watches, glasses.注意:stomach的復數為 stomachs3 .以"輔音字母+y"結尾的，變y為i力口-es如stroies.countries.以無音字母+y"結尾的，加-s。如:boys,toys.4 .-f 或-fe 結尾的,大都變 f 或 fe 為 v 加-es 如：selves, lives, thie

2、ves, wives,knives, leaves,shelves, wolves, halves巧記:為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和樹葉站在架子上，把狼劈成兩半。(1數力口 -s。如：beliefs, proofs, chiefs,roofs.5 . ®-o 結尾的, 般力口 -so 如:radios, videos ,zoos,tobaccos.以下名詞力口 -es。般有生命的物體加-es) : Negroes, heroes potatoes, tomatoes.巧記:黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿。6 .合成詞變復數，一般將主體名詞變復數，無主體名詞時，最后一部分變復數

3、。如：sons-in-law,passersby, storyteller,grown-ups,lookerson。練全題點1單句語法填空1. In this article,you need to back up general(state)with specific examples.2. A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college (apply) ,I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would

4、be like.3. He had(dish) in this restaurant.4. We have four(class) every morning and there're two(box) on the platform.5. There're two(loaf) of bread and two(knife) on the table.1. I took several(photo) of the beautiful scenery with these(boy).7. There are three(path) leading to my village. A

5、nd there are many ( bamboo)around it.8. The ant has two(stomach).9. A great many(roof) were damaged by the storm.10. These(chief) have different(proof).語法輕巧記憶巧記:-f結尾的名詞直接加-s變復數有些以-f結尾的名詞在由單數變?yōu)閺蛿禃r，是直接在詞尾加上-s。如：gulf,roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchief.為方便記憶，我們將這些詞編成口決進行 聯(lián)想記憶，效果非常好！海灣邊、屋頂上，首領奴仆兩相

6、望；誰說他們無信仰，證據寫在手帕上。二、可數名詞復數的不規(guī)則變化1 .變內部元音child- childrenfoot- feettooth- teethmouse miceman- menwoman- women2 .單復數同形，如：deer, sheep fish,Chinese aircraft, means, species Japanese 等。3 .美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數形式。如 :a dollar,two dollars.4 .集體名詞，以單數形式出現，但實為復數。people, police, cattle本身就是復數，但可以說 a head of cattle, 20 h

7、eads of cattle. the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,theSwiss 等,表示國 民總稱 時，作復數用。如：The Chinese are industrious and brave中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。5 .以-s結尾，仍為單數的名詞，例如：（1）maths,politics,physics等學科名詞，一般是不可數名詞，為單數。news為不可數名詞。（3）the United States ,the United Nations® 視為單數。The United Nations wa

8、s organized in 194瞰合國于 1945 年成立。以復數形式出現的書名、劇名，報紙、雜志名，也可視為單數。例如 ：“TheArabian Nights" is a very interesting storybook.（一千零一夜）是一本非常有趣的 故事書。6 .表示由兩部分構成的東西，如 glasses（艮鏡）,trousers,clothes等；若表達具體數 目，要借助數量詞 pair（對,雙）,suit（套）。如:a pair of glasses,two pairs of trousers.7 .另外還有一些名詞，其復數形式有時可表示特別意思。如goods貨物.

9、waters水城。、不可數名詞量的表示 用 數詞/冠詞+量詞+of+不可數名詞”的結構來表示，量詞可以是單數也可以是復 數，但 of 后的名詞只用單數。 如:a piece of chalk/jewelry/ news/ meat/bread/furniture/ equipment/luggage/ music/information/ thread/ advice/ clothing/ paper.四、不可數名詞轉化為可數名詞1 .抽象名詞表示具體的事時也可數。如The party is a big succes/個聚會是個巨大的成功。2 .表示j場/段/件/種.時，要用a或an此時多用形

10、容詞或of短語修飾。如:a fine rain（一陣細雨）,a heavy snow-場大雪）,a long time（很長一段時間）。3 .有些不可數名詞，無論在什么情況下也不可轉化為可數名詞。如 ：advice, fun, homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage/luggage jewelry , clothing 等。五、作定語的名詞的數1 .用復數作定語。如:sports meeting運動會,students readingroom學生閱覽室，talks table 談判桌,the foreign

11、languages departmen外語系。2 .man,woman.gentleman等作定語時，其單復數由所修飾的名詞的單復數而定。如;menworkers,women teachers, gentlemen officials.3 .有些原以-s結尾的名詞，作定語時-s保留。如：goods train貨車,arms produce 武器生產，customs papers關文件,clothes brush衣刷。4 .數詞+名詞作定語時，若有連字符，名詞用單數；若無連字符，名詞用復數加 如:a ten-mile walk/ten miles' walk 十英里路,a five-ye

12、ar plan/a five years' plan 一個 五年計劃。5 .名詞作定語，一般用單數。如:a steel bridge一座鋼橋,paper money紙幣，a coffee cup一個咖啡杯，an evening paper一份晚報，city life 城市生活，country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂，office work辦公室工作，street light路燈。六、不同國籍人的單復數中國人 the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese日本人 the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese俄國人 the Russiana Russi

13、antwo Russians希臘人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法國人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen英國人 the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen德國人the Germana Germantwo Germans瑞典人 the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes七、名詞前的修飾語1 .只能修飾可數名詞的有each, either neither, another, these, those, both,(a)few,several, many,a large number of,sco

14、res of, dozens of,a great/good many2 .只能修飾不可數名詞的有(a)litte ,much,a bit of,a great deal of,a large amount o等。3 .既可修飾可數名詞又可修飾不可數名詞的有some ,any ,half, most,all,a lot of,lotsof.plenty of,a large quantity of .quantities of, masses o侍;練全題點2單句語法填空1. He tried out a(series) of(mean) to work out the problem.2.

15、Five(child) are playing games under the tree,with five(sheep) eating grass on the grass.3. A great many( passeby) were watching her performance.4. Cathy suffered some trrible(ill)in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment,she finally became healthy.5. Learning materials are provided to

16、 students throughout their course,and there will never be more than( participate) in each class.6. The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自 主性)and the(develop)of adult identity.7. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised(aware) of the dangers of pollution and

17、the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.8. Chengdu has dozens of new mllinairese, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me,pandas are its top(attract).9. In the(deep)of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain un

18、usual groups of indigenous people.10. Researchershave discovered that “nighm ilk" contains more melatonin(褪黑激 素)which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce(anxious).語法輕巧記憶巧記某國人”變復數口訣合成詞尾含女、男啟變來記心問：中、日、瑞士、葡萄牙，復數形式無變化：其他所有情況下，-s詞尾放心加。巧記單復數同形的名詞中國人和日本人很愛護綿羊、鹿和魚。注意fish指魚的種類時，要加上-es才

19、成復數；當指魚的條數時，單復數形式相同： 指魚肉時，為不可數名詞。考點清單二名詞的所有格名詞所有格的構成方法名詞的所有格有兩種形式：'s式和of式。一般來說，表小有生命的名詞和表示時間、距離、國家、城市、機構、節(jié)日等的名詞的所有格用s式。如：Mary'smother,today's news表示無生命的事物名詞的所有格用 of式。如:the cover of the book.但還需注意以下幾點：1 .單數名詞詞尾加“'sg所有格。如:the boy's bag男孩的書包。名詞復數詞尾沒有-s也加“sft所有格。如：men's room男廁所。2

20、 .若名詞已有復數詞尾-s,只加”如:the workers' struggle工人的斗爭。3 .凡不能加“'的名詞，都可以用 名詞+of+名詞”的結構來表示所有關系。如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4 .在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現它所修飾的名詞。如:the barber's理發(fā)店.the tailor's裁縫店,at the dloctor's在醫(yī)務室,at Tom's在湯姆家5 .如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有s,則表示 分別有“只有一個's.則表示 共有”。 如:John&

21、#39;s and Mary's rooms(5問),John and Mary's roomL問)。6 .復合名詞或短語，s加在最后一個詞的詞尾。如:a month or two's absence.練全題點單句語法填空1. The(bicyele) shop is just around the corner and you won't miss it.2. We should protect( woman) rights.3. June 1st is(children) Day.4. This is(Lucy and Lily) room, which i

22、s big and bright.1.1 want to read(today) newspaper. Would you please pass me one copy?6. My father is at the-(barber) now. He is not available.7. I have bought three books,which two are about English.8. A friend of my(sister) is coming to dinner tonight.9. The shop is at a(arm) length. You needn'

23、;t take a taxi.10. Owing to the heavy flood,all the(farmer) crops were drowned to death.分層必刷練提分要義I.單句語法填空1. 2018,天津卷The(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.2. 2018蘇卷Try to understand what's actually happening ins

24、tead of acting onthe(assume) you've made.3. 2018.全國卷 ITwo of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2004 that showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all(cause.4. 2018.全國卷 I This switch has decreased(pollute)in

25、the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.5. 2018.全國卷My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.6. 2018.浙江卷Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home a

26、nd the rise in(weigh) problems.7. 2017.全國卷 I She is determined to carry on with her(educate).8. 2017.全國卷 I She has turned down several(invitation) to star atshows in order to concentrate on her studies.9. 2017.浙江卷Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a hand

27、ful of small(carrot) and was about to throw them away.10. 2017.全國卷 I This trend, which was started by the medical community醫(yī)學界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side(effect) such as overweight and heart disease.11. 2017 .江蘇卷The disappearanceof dinosaurs is not necessari

28、ly caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative(explain) are hard to find.12. 2016.浙江卷It is important to pay your(eletric) bill on time,as late payments may affect your credit.13. 2016.江蘇卷-Can you tell us your recipe for(happy) and a long life?-Living every day to the full,definitely.14. Mo Yan

29、 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, which meant that his works had finally gained the international( recognize).15. 一 How can I take the medicine ,sir?-Just follow the(direct) on the bottle.16. Hearing of Al's death,I thought,“What a complete(fai)!"17. As we returned home,I gathere

30、d some(item).18. 1 would apprecinte it if you could take me into(consider). Looking forward to receiving your reply.19. Some shools will have to make(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.20. Go and say sorry to your mom.Dave.-I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy

31、 with my( apologize).21. There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some(think) and then let me know.22. When he was running after his brother the boy lost his(balanced) and had a bad fall.23. He gave himself a new name to hide his(dentifty) when he went to carry out the secret task.24. Wh

32、y not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?That's a good(suggest).25. Her(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher educatin.26. Microsoft,in a(depart)from tradition, has already released similar touch-friendly Office apps for

33、 Apple Inc's iPad and iPhone.27. A trip to the forest park is a wonderful (remind) of my happy childhood, when I had no end of fun with my playmates.28. At Jimmy's birthday party I was introduced to make the(acquaint) of several successful managers in IT industry.29. It was a difficult job f

34、or him. He had tried everything but it made little(differ).30. Universal(accessible) to education is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in education,regardless of their social class,ethnicity,background or physical disabilities.31. 一 Did you finish reading that long novel?-No,I ran

35、out of(patient). It's too long and I only completed half of it.32. After living in Quanzhou for five years,she has developed quite an(affect) for the city.33. As a candidate,you must make a good(impress) on everyone you meet if you want to win the election.II.單句改錯1. Miss Ding was a very kind wom

36、en teacher.2. Though I was unhappy ,I understood my parents and followed their advices.3. Li Lin is a senior three students who devotes himself to his study every day.4. What's more ,we should improve our method of study and make good preparations for exams.5. We were touched by such an act of k

37、ind on a hot day.6. With the living standard rising ,a large number of waste is being produced on campus.7. Soon,I became one of the top studentsin my class, which greatly increased my confident and got me motivated.8. Lots of accidents with cyclists often happen because of crowded street.9. The fil

38、m was very good,but I didn't enjoy it beacuse there were some problem in the cinema.1.1 I always have enough food to eat,a big room to live in,and beautiful cloth to wear.1.2 I 've made some progresses in my listening and speaking.12. There is hardly any standing rooms in the bus.13. Proesso

39、r White gave me one of the best piece of advice I've ever heard.14. He's geting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.15. Thee are many cattles and cows on his father's farm.16. In order to buy a nice pair of shoes,he went to many shoes stores.17. Fly spread diseases,so w

40、e should think of ways to get rid of them.18.It is ten minutes walk from my home to school.19. Now people get a lot of informations from the Internet.名詞語篇訓練(A)It was late at night. Two 1(German) were sleeping in their roomwhen suddenly ,one of them,Mrs. Green,was woken up and found a thief slipping

41、into their room to try his luck. She had three 2(thousand) dollars in her pocket.“What should I do? Many 3( thief) usually bring 4(knife) with them,"she thought in 5(silent) . And at the same time the thief happened to touch a6(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room

42、,so he went out to the next room where two 7(Frenchman) were sleeping. Whenhe was looking for 8(money) or some 9(jewel) in the next room,Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the 10 (policeman). Andthen the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared tha the took out a knife. Just the

43、n the police came up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs. Greenit was really an unusual experience.(B)My friend Lucy is a lovely girl,who is full of 1(wise). One day shemade a 2(decide) that she would go to the town to buy some 3(box) of apples and two 4(loaf) of bread before

44、the priceswent up. On the way to the town,she saw several 5(child) playing on the grass,and some 6( woman) sitting in the shade, chatting happily. Afterdoing the shopping,she headed for her village. Suddenly a heavy rain poured down. As a result,she had no 7(choose)but to take shelter from the rain,

45、 duringwhich time she had the(free) to have a chat with other people. The( communicate) made her relaxed, and it seemed to shorten the(long) of the time she waited for the rain to stop.答案名詞的數練全題點11.statements這篇文章中，你需要用具體的子來支持總的觀點。設空前 general 為形容詞，空后要用名詞。2 . applications意:一年前，當我等待我的大學志愿申請結果時，我經常上周去看

46、一些大學會是什么樣的信息。College application大學志愿申請。3 , dishes復數名詞泛指。4 .classes;boxes1. loaves;knives loaf的復教為 loves;knife 的復教為 knives6. photos;boys photo 的復教為 photos;boy 的復數為 boys,7. paths; bamboos path 的復數為 paths; bamboo的復數為 bamboos8. stomachs stomach 的復數為 stomachs,9. roofs roof 的復數為 roofs。10. chiefs;proofs ch

47、ief 的復數為 chiefs; proof 的復數為 proofs,練全題點21. series ; means a series of系歹!J的；means方式、 方法， 單復數同形。2. children;sheep child 的復數為 children。sheep單復數同形。3. passersby passerby 的復數為 passersby。4. illness句 意:凱西在她童年早期得了一些可怕的疾病。經過多年定期治療，她 最終健康起來。suffer illness患病。5. participants句意:學習資料將在他們的課程中被提供給學生，每個班將不會超 過15個學生（參

48、加者）。6. development句意:大學那幾年被認為是自主性成長和成年認知發(fā)展的一段重要 時期。the development7. awarenes狗意:她1962年的暢銷書（寂靜的春天引起了人們對污染和有害化 學物質對人類和世界湖泊海洋的有害影響的關注。8. attraction句意:成都有許 多新的百萬富翁，亞洲最大的建筑和新奇的旅館，但 對像我但對像我這樣的游客來說，大熊貓是最吸引人的地方。9. depths句意;在法國Guinese雨林深處，仍然有不同尋常的土著人群體存在。10. anxiety句意:研究人員發(fā)現，夜間的牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，這已經被證明 能夠幫助人們感使到國乏

49、和減少焦慮。名詞的所有格練全題點1.bicycle句意：自行車店就在扔角處，你一定會找到的。此處是名詞作定語，表示類別不強調所屬關系，不用所有格。2. women'swomen's rights女子的權禾限3. Children'sChildren's Day 兒童節(jié)。4. Lucy and Lily's表示共有的所屬關系時在最后一個名詞末加s.5. today'stoday's newspape吟天的報紙。6. barber'sat the barber's4理發(fā)店7.of of表所屬關系。8. sister's

50、 a friend of my sister'或妹妹的一位朋友。9. arm's at an arm's length 指距離很近。10. farmers復數名詞的所有格在-s后加分層必刷提分要義1. possibility句意:在宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命，這種可能性一直鼓舞著 科學家們探索外太空?？疾槊~。設空處在句中作主語，故填名詞。pssibility"可能，可能性”，其后為that引導的同位語從句。2. assumption句意:要努力 去弄明白實際上正在發(fā)生的事，而不要根據自己的假 設就采取行動。根據語境和設空處前的定冠詞the可知，此處要用所

51、給單詞的名詞形式。assumption假I定，假設。3. causes考查名詞復數。cause表示 原因，起因”時是可數名詞，前面有 all,故 填cause的復數形式causes.4. pllution考查詞形變化。decrease降低，減少”，后接名詞作賓語，pollute的名 詞形式是pollution.5. scientist考查名詞。此處介紹我”的身份是一位科學家。因此應填 scientist,6. weight考查名詞。此處指體重問題，用名詞修飾problems,故填weight.7. education考查詞性轉換。形容詞性物主代詞后面跟名詞，故填 education.I 8.

52、invitations考查名詞復數。根據several可知，此處應該填復數形式。9. carrots根據a handfulof可知，設空處應該用復數形式，表示拔出了一把小胡蘿卜，因此用carrots,10. affects考查名調復數。這種趨勢有些非計劃的副作用，如超重和心臟病。side effects表示 副作用”，為可數名詞，根據 such as overweight and heart dsese知， 副作用有多種，故填復數形式。11. explanations句意:恐龍滅絕未必是由天體事故造成的，但是也很難找到其他 的解釋，設空處在此處作的子的主語，要用其名詞形式。根據謂語are可知此

53、處要用名詞的復數形式。12. electricity句意:按時交電費很重要，因為晚交電費可能會影響你的信譽。本題考查名詞作定語。名詞作定語時，常用其單數形式，故答案為 electricity.13. happiness意:-你能告訴我們你幸福、長壽的訣竅嗎？確切地說，就是 充 實地度過每一天。介詞后需用名詞形式,happiness作 幸?！敝v為不可數名詞，故 答案為 happiness.14. recognition句意:莫言被授予諾貝 爾文學獎，這意味著他的作品最終獲得了國 際公認。recognition表示 識別;承其認，認出；重視;贊譽;公認”。15. directions句意:醫(yī)生，這

54、個藥怎么服用？就遵照瓶子上的說明即可。directions 意為用法說明"，follow the directions表示遵循說明"，符合題意。16. failure句意:聽到AI去世的消息，我想他是一個徹頭徹尾的失敗者！感嘆句結構為：“What+ a/an+容詞+名詞（+主語+謂語）！故設空處填名詞failure.1.1 items句意:當我們回到家時，我收集了一些東西。item為可數名詞，根據上下文邏輯可知，some在本句中表示 些”，由此可知需在設空處填item的復數形 式。18. consideration句意:如果你能考慮我，我將不勝感激。盼望收到你的回復。介詞

55、into 后加名詞形式。take. into consideration考慮至U.19. adjustments句意:有些學校將不得不做出一些調整來和國家足球改革保持一致。設空處作動詞make的賓語，故需用名詞,adjustment為可數名詞，在本句中 表示泛指，而設空處前沒有冠詞，故需用其復數形式。20. apology/apologies句意:戴夫，去向你媽媽道歉。一我想去，但是我怕她對我 的道歉并不會感到滿意。設空處前為形容詞性物主代詞，故設空處應為名詞形式。21. thought句意:現在沒有必要告訴我你的答案，認真考慮一下然后再讓我知道。 some后需用名詞形式，而thought作

56、考慮，思索”講時為不可數名詞，故答案為 thought。Give sth. thought認真考慮某事。22. balance句意:這個男孩在追他哥哥的時候失去了平衡，重重地跌了一跤。根據題干中的had a bad fall可推知設空處應為 balance. lose one's balanc砍去平衡。23. identity句意:在去執(zhí)行秘密任務的時候，為隱藏自己的身份，他給自己取了 一個新名字。形容詞性物主代詞后需用名詞形式。故答案為identity. identity身份。24. suggestion句意:一如果你沒有足夠的錢買輛新車的話，為什么不先買輛二手 車呢？ 一那個建議不

57、錯。根據句子結構可推知設空處需用名詞形式， 設空處前有 不定冠詞，故設空處填suggestion25. motivation句意:她寫作的動機是渴望為婦女爭取接受高等教育的權利。形容 詞性物主代詞后需用名詞形式，此外后面的謂語動詞為was,故設空處需用名詞單 數形式。26. departure句意:微軟背離傳統(tǒng)，已經發(fā)布了類似的觸屏辦公軟件應用于蘋果的 iPad和iPhone根據題干中的a可判斷用名詞形式departure.27. reminder句意:一次去森林公園的旅行讓我想起了我幸福的童年時代，那時我和我的玩伴們有無盡的快樂。reminder表示 提醒，讓某人想起的事”。28. acqu

58、aintance句意:在Jimmy的生日聚會上，我被介紹認識了幾位 IT行業(yè)成 功的經理。29.acquaintance 意為“與某人）認識"。make the acquaintance of sb1周 定詞組，意為 結識某人”。30, dfference句意;這項工作對他來說有點難，他做了各種各樣的努力，但沒有什么成效。make a dfereeE示 把件用：有影響”，此處的make little dfference表示 沒有多大用”，符合題意。30. access句意;全民教育就是指所有人在教育上有平等機會的能力，不論他們的 社會地位、種族、背景和身體的殘疾。acces續(xù)示 進入;使用權”。31. patience句意:_你讀完那部長篇小說了嗎？有，我耗盡了我的耐心。它太長了 我只能讀完一年，patience表示 耐性，耐心，忍耐”。32. affection句意:在泉州居住了 五年后，她已經完全喜歡上