虛擬語氣詳解

1、WORD格式虛擬語氣詳解 虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望 (往往與客觀事實(shí)相反) ，或是表示假象和猜測。 虛擬語氣無論從形式上還是時態(tài)上都比較復(fù)雜，需要?dú)w類記憶。 虛擬語氣大體分為三類： (1) be 型虛擬 (2) were 型虛擬 (3) if 條件句及主句虛擬下面會詳 細(xì)說每種虛擬形式的特征和規(guī)律， 考試時先判斷屬于哪種虛擬類型， 剩下的皆是套路 (1) be 型虛擬(基本是套路)形式： should + 動詞原形， should 可以省略 用法： 1 )表示 “命令、建議、要求 ”等意義詞語之后的賓語從句用 be 型虛擬，常見的詞 如 下 : demand, desire, insist

2、, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request 等 最常見的形式是這類動詞后面接著一個賓語從句，則賓語從句的謂語部分要用( should ) + 動詞原形來虛擬 例 : We demand that the meeting( should ) be postponed.The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有時候你所見到不一定是上述動詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句， 而是由上述詞變體后所引導(dǎo)主語從 句 (it 做形式主語，如：

3、it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposedthat ?) 、表語從句或同位語從句 例如： It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language主 .( 語從句 ) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) bechecked twice before. ( 表語從句 )We didn ' tstand for his proposal that

4、 the meeting (should)be postponed.同( 位語從句 ) 只要看到句中有上述動詞或其變體，不管詞性怎么變、句型怎么變，都用 be 型虛擬！ 特例： suggest 和 insist 這兩個比較特殊， 當(dāng) suggest 作“暗示、表明、說明 ”講， insist 作 “堅(jiān)持說 ”講，后面一般跟的是客觀事實(shí)，不需要虛擬 這是一個比較重要的考點(diǎn)，體會 下面兩組句子：We all suggest that a lab (should) be built.我們都建議建一個實(shí)驗(yàn)室。Her expression suggests that she is angry她 . 的表

5、情說明她生氣了。She insisted that we should find the source of the river.她堅(jiān)持主張我們應(yīng)該找到河的源頭。She insisted that she had done nothing wrong她 . 堅(jiān)持說自己沒做錯事。suggest 的區(qū)別很明顯，但 insist 有點(diǎn)難辨別，一般來說如果 insist 后面跟的是某種主張， 或是堅(jiān)持要做一件事，那么用虛擬。2) 表示主觀看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。 。怎么怎么樣的 ”，尤其是在 “ it is名+詞 / 形容詞 + that 從句 ”結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的形容詞包括： advisab

6、le, desirable,essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等例如： It is advisable that you (should) leave now.It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities.It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banne

7、d in public area.依舊是套路，熟悉這些關(guān)鍵提示詞即可 3）表示“恐怕，擔(dān)心，以免，萬一 ”等，例如： if, lest, in case, for fear that等，后面的從句用（ should ）+ 動詞原形來虛擬 注意：這里的 if 不是引導(dǎo)條件句，而是表示 “以防”、“萬一 ”例： He took his raincoat with him in case it （should） rain.He took his raincoat with him for fear that he （should） be caught in the rain. 4 ）be 型虛擬還用

8、于表示 “祝愿”的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，通常是 May + 主語 + 動詞原形例： May you be happy.幾乎不考，了解即可 （ 2） were 型虛擬（要推時態(tài)） 表達(dá)與事實(shí)情況相反、未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的主觀愿望，形式如下：主觀表達(dá)的愿望從句謂語的形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望過去式（ be 動詞一律用 were ）與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望過去完成式 had + 過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反的愿望過去將來式 would/ could + 動詞原形用法：1） wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示“希望”例： I wish I were a bird. （對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬 ）I wish you came here now.

9、（我希望你現(xiàn)在就來 ）I wish that I had passed the final exam.對（過去情況虛擬，實(shí)際上未通過考試） Iwish he would/couldcome to helpme with my paper, but he will go on business next week. （ 對將來情況虛擬，實(shí)際上下周來不了 ） 注意句子里的時間標(biāo)志，有時沒有時間標(biāo)志，就需要自行體會 2 ）ifonly 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，表示 “要是 ?就好了” 例： If only she were here at this moment要. 是她此刻在這兒就好了。If only I

10、hadn'tmade this mistake.要是我沒犯這個錯誤就好了。If only you would / could attend my wedding.要是你能來參加我的婚禮就好（現(xiàn)在也會用過去式表示將來，但是表示將來的不怎么會考，所以無需糾結(jié)）3） would rather, would sooner, would prefer, had rather等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句， 表示“寧愿，但愿 ” 例： I would rather you came here now.l would rather he hadn' t told me the truth.I '

11、ratherd you went tomorrow.（同樣也會用過去式表示將來 ）4）as if / as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，表示 “似乎 ? ，好像 . ，”與事實(shí)情況相反或幾乎不大可能會發(fā)生 例： She speaks as though she were sick.He talked about the film as if he had seen it before.It seems as if the meeting would never end.注意：如果 as if / as though后面跟的是事實(shí)或者近乎事實(shí)， 則不需要虛擬， 只能意會不能言傳，對比一下下面兩句

12、話就知道了，但這并不是高頻考點(diǎn)It seems as if he has no worries.看起來他似乎沒有煩惱，是真的沒有煩惱。It seems as if he had no worries他. 只是看起來沒煩惱，其實(shí)內(nèi)心世界很糾結(jié)。3） if 條件句及主句虛擬if 引導(dǎo)的條件句分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句， 非真實(shí)條件句的主句和從句都要用虛擬 語氣 , 表示根本不存在的情況或可能性很小的假設(shè)。 主句和從句都有一定套路，而且要根據(jù)時態(tài)搭配使用，具體見下表：從句（ if ?）主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式（ be 動詞都用 were ）would/ could/ might/ should +

13、 動詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成式would/ could/ might/ should + 現(xiàn)在完成時與將來事實(shí)相反過去式 / should+ 動詞原形 / were to dowould/ could/ might/ should + 動詞原形例： If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer.If we had had enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.If I should see/ were to see/ saw him tomorrow,

14、 I would invite him home.would, could, might, should 在意思上稍有區(qū)別， would 語氣肯定，表示十有八九會出現(xiàn)的 結(jié)果； could 表示能夠； might 表示或許； should 表示應(yīng)該，但這個區(qū)別真的不重要?考試也不會在這個上面做文章， 自己稍稍理解體會，留個印象就行。注意 1 ：表格中的是最基本的規(guī)則，主句和從句發(fā)生在同一個時空（假如我當(dāng)初怎樣，那么我當(dāng)時就會怎樣，都是發(fā)生在過去時間；假如我現(xiàn)在怎樣，我現(xiàn)在就會怎么怎么， 都是發(fā)生在當(dāng)下） 。但也會有些情況，主從句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致（假如我以前怎么樣，我 現(xiàn)在就會怎樣；假如我現(xiàn)

15、在怎樣，我將來就會怎樣。）我們把這種類型的句子稱作 “錯綜時 間 ”虛擬條件句， 看上去很厲害的樣子， 其實(shí)只需要把主從句分開獨(dú)立分析， 看主、從句 分別是對什么時間的虛擬， 各自對應(yīng) 表格就行。關(guān)鍵是先判斷主、從句發(fā)生時間是否一致，考試很喜歡考 例： Ifyou had worked hard, you would be very tired.如果你剛才認(rèn)真工作了， 你現(xiàn)在就會很累。主句對現(xiàn)在虛擬，從句對過去虛擬。If you followed my advice now, you would succeed in the final exam next month. 要是你現(xiàn)在聽我的話，

16、下個月的期末考肯定沒問題。 主句對將來虛擬， 從句對現(xiàn)在虛 擬。注意 2 ：虛實(shí)混用，有的部分是真實(shí)的，有的部分是虛擬的，非真實(shí)的部分才虛擬，真實(shí)的部分用正常語法形式例： If I had been at the concert yesterday evening, I should have met the famous專業(yè)資料整理前面是對過去的虛擬， 是沒發(fā)生的， 但是沒買到were， should ，had 時可以省略 if ，將 were，singer. But I failed to get a ticket. 是真實(shí)發(fā)生的，所以正常用過去式即可。注意 3 ：倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)： if 從句中

17、如果含有should ， had 倒裝至主語之前。例： If Iwere you, I would apply for the job. job.If you had taken my advice, you wouldn > Were I you, I would apply for the' thave failed in the examination. >Had you taken my advice, you wouldn' thave failed in the examination.If he should arrive there in advan

18、ce, I would show him around London. >Should he arrive there in advance, I would show him around London.注意 4 ：有時假設(shè)的情況并不用 if 從句表示出來，而是通過一個介詞 /介詞短語( without, but for 等)、副詞( otherwise )、連詞( or, but, but that等)、 were it not forhad it not been for,這屬于含蓄的虛擬語氣。 雖然沒出現(xiàn) if ，還是按照前面說的套路來例： Without air, there wouldn t be living ' things in the world.But for your advice, I would have failed.He came to town yesterday, otherwise/ or I would not have met him.She would have come to see you, but she was so busy that day.注意： were it not for +