初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句用法及配套練習(xí)

1、初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句用法及配套練習(xí)    一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念    在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。    二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞    引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。  

2、;  三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類    根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。    四、關(guān)系代詞的用法    1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：    Mary likes music that is quiet and

3、gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)）    The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）    2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：    The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)）    Th

4、e film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語(yǔ)）    3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：    The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。（作主語(yǔ)）   Who is the teacher （whom） Li

5、Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)？作賓語(yǔ)） 注意：    （1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：    This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?#160;   Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借

6、的這本英文小說(shuō)。    （2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：    This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。    （3）that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：    The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。    （4）關(guān)系詞只能

7、用that的情況：    a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：    He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。    b.被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：    Is

8、 there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？    c.先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：    This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。    d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：  

9、  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。    e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：    Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？    f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，而不用which.例如：  &#

10、160; There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。    （5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：    a.先行詞為that， those時(shí)，用which， 而不用that.例如：    Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？    b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：  

11、  This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。    c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which， 而不用that.例如：    Tom came back， which made us happy. 湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。五、關(guān)系副詞的用法    （1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：    This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。 

12、   （2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：    This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。    （3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如：    Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。    練習(xí)題     I.單項(xiàng)填空 

13、;   1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？    -Yes， hes our headmaster.     A. he B.  who   C. which   D. whom    2. Is this the river _I can swim？     A. which   B. in which 

14、  C. that   D. the one    3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.   A. where   B. which   C. that   D. it    4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？  A. that you bought    B. you boug

15、ht it   C. that you bought it   D. which you bought it    5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.    A. which agrees   B. who agree    C. who agrees   D. which agree    6. My watch is not the onl

16、y thing _ is missing.     A. that   B. it   C. which   who    7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate  A. whos   B. whose   C. that   of which.    8. The girl _ is reading under the

17、 tree _my sister.    A. which； is   B. whom； was   C. who； is   D. who； was    9. I love places _the people are really friendly.    A. that   B. which   C. where   D. who    10. Th

18、e world _ is made up of matter.    A. in that we live   B. on which we live    C. where we live in   D. we live in    、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that， which， who， whom填空。    1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.  &#

19、160; 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.    3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.    4. The house _we live in is very old.    5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？ &

20、#160;  九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案定義：在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，位于從句之前。定語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)系代詞that、which、who、whose、whom和關(guān)系副詞when 、where、why引導(dǎo). 定語(yǔ)從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：先行詞 + 關(guān)系代/副詞  +  句子 Do you know the boy who is wearing a blue jacket?The skirt that /which is made of silk is very expe

21、nsive. I cant afford it.The number of the people who/that own cars is increasing.The house that(which、/) the famous person once lived in is very old now.考點(diǎn)1. 關(guān)系代詞: that, which, who, whom, whose 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why.   a.that既可指人，也可指物，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略；不引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句There are lots of th

22、ings _ I need to prepare before the trip. （10河北）  A. who    B. that    C. whom    D. whose (答案: B)b. which指物，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略.可引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. (08河北)A. which    B. what   C. w

23、hose   D. whom (答案：A)Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need. (09河北) A. what    B. who    C. whom    D. which (答案：D)c. who般指人，作主語(yǔ)，不能省略；作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略,（常用whom）Jamie is a young cook _ wants to improve school dinners. (10天津)A. who    B. wh

24、ose    C. whom    D. which (答案：A)d. whose 作定語(yǔ),表示所屬關(guān)系。 I like the teacher _ classes are very interesting and creative. (09蘭州)A. which   B. who   C. what    D. whose (答案：D)e. when 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):When =介詞 + which  She will never for

25、get the day when (=on which) she was married.f. where 作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)  where  = 介詞 + which  I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.g. why 作原因狀語(yǔ), 其先行詞常常是the reason. why = for which  That is the reason why(= for which) Im late.2. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由先行詞定。1. I prefer s

26、hoes that are cool.       2. I like a pizza that is really delicious. 3. 有時(shí)只能用 that , 不用 which, 常見(jiàn)的情況有六種：1).當(dāng)先行詞是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing ,或被它們修飾時(shí)。Thats all that I know.     Is there anything that I can do for

27、you?2).當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.3).當(dāng)先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修飾時(shí)。Thats the only thing that I can do now.   These are the very words that he used.4).當(dāng)主句以 who 或 which開(kāi)頭時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you

28、just now?   Which is the pen that you lost ?5).先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.6).當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。China is not  the country that it was.4. 只用 which ,不用that 的情況：1).關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。This is the cage that / which Polly lives in.= This is the ca

29、ge in which(where) Polly lives .2).先行詞本身為 that.  The clock is that which tells the time.3). 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。His English, which used to be poor , is excellent now.  定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need.   A. what     B. who    C. who

30、m    D. which2.This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday.  A. which    B. what    C. whose   D. whom3.Do you know the man _ is sitting behind Nancy?   A. what    B. which    C. who  &#

31、160;  D. whom4.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting.  A. /     B. why     C. when     D. what5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _you can visit during the winter holidays.  A. where 

32、    B. which    C. what    D. that6.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit Korea.  A. which     B. who    C. what     D. how7.I shall never forget those year

33、s _I lived on the farm with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life.A. when; who          B. that; which     C. which; that          D. when; which  8.Is oxygen the only g

34、as _ helps fire burn?  A. that      B. /    C. which    D. it                           9.Is _ some

35、German friends visited last week?  A. this school         B. this the school      C. this school one      D. this school where  10.-What kind of music do you like?    -I like

36、music _ has great lyrics.   A. that     B. what    C. who     D. whose11.That is the only thing _ I bought from the supermarket.   A. which   B. that    C. what     D. where12.The

37、place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace.   A. which  B. where   C. what   D. in which13.The computer _ last week has gone wrong.   A. which I bought it      B. I bought      C. what I boug

38、ht         D. I bought it14.That is the poor boy _ father died in a traffic accident last year.   A. who    B. whom    C. whose   D. which15.Do you know the girl _is standing under the tree?  A. who &

39、#160;   B. whom   C. which   D. where16.Is the woman _talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?   A. who     B. whom   C. which    D. what17.The young lady _we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.  

40、A. what   B. whose    C. whom   D. which18.I like to live in a house _ is big and bright.  A. that     B. who      C. how     D. why19.I hate people _ talk much but do little.  A. whom 

41、  B. which    C. who    D. when20.I am one of the boys _never late for school.   A. that is   B. who are  C. who am  D. who is21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk _ would like to speak with you.   A. he  

42、  B. who    C. which      D. whom22.I love the small village _ I was born.   A. that   B. which   C. where     D. whose23.Here comes the girl _ handwriting is the best in our class.   A. which   B. whose   C. that     D. who24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes _ can last a long time.   A. who   B. that     C. whom&