關(guān)于英語詞匯測試設(shè)計的幾點建議

1、關(guān)于英語詞匯測試設(shè)計的幾點建議：Vocabularytest，asanimportantpartofEnglishlanguagetests，shouldbevalidandreliable.Avalidvocabularytestisonewhichtestswhatitissupposedtotest，whileareliablevocabularytestisonewhichwillalwaysgivethesameresultunderthesamecondition.Atthefirstplace，vocabularytestshouldbethereforedesignedwith

2、consideringvalidityandreliability.Keywords：testingvocabulary，validity，reliability，multiple-choiceVocabularytestisconsideredasanimportantpartoflanguagetests，becausethereisasenseinwhichlearningaforeignlanguageisbasicallyamatteroflearningthevocabularyofthatlanguage.Itispointedoutthatthepurposeofvocabul

3、arytestsisusuallytosupplyinformation，andtheinformationshouldbeaccurate.Sovocabularytestsshouldbevalidandreliable，andshouldbedesignedwithconsideringvalidityandreliability.TestvalidityindesigningvocabularytestsAvalidvocabularytestisonewhichtestswhatitissupposedtotest.Therearetwopointsshouldbeconcerned

4、the otherhere：oneistheselectionoflexicalitemsisthewaysofconstructingitemsfortestingvocabulary.Thewriterofavocabularytestfirstdeterminesthedegreetowhichhe/shewishestoconcentrateontestingthestudentsactiveorpassivevocabulary，anddecideswhetherthelexicalitemsinthetestshouldbetakenfromspokenorthewrittenla

5、nguage.Lexicalitemscanbeincluding a word frequency list iftextbook ( provided the itemsselectedfrom：thesyllabusavailable)；thestudentsapproximatetothoseusedinnaturalspeechsituations)；thestudentsreadingmaterial(e.g.simplifiedreaders，literarytexts)；andlexicalerrorstakenfromstudentsfree-writtentest)work

6、 ( or from studentsincorrect answers in a clozeThenthewriterofavocabularytestshouldselectoutthetypicalwordsfromthelexicalitems.Whatiscalled“typical”isthatitcantesttheextentofastudentsvocabularybysometypicalwords.Supposethereare30wordsselected，whichcanbedividedintoseveralclasses.Anditispossiblemeasur

7、etheextentofastudentsvocabularyaccordingtotheclassthatthetypicalwordsrecognizedorproducedbelongto.Thatsthetestvalidityonselectinglexicalitems.Therearekindsofwaysofconstructingitemstotestvocabulary.Generallyspeaking，theitemsaredesignedonthebasisoftwopointsasfollow.Oneistotestthevocabularyvalidly；theo

8、theristochangewaysofconstructingitemsaccordingtothepurposeofthetests.Letustake，forexample，atestwhichisdesignedtofindoutwhetherstudentsunderstandthemeaningsofcertainwordsinawrittencontext.Therubricforthetestmaysay：Givethemeaningsofthefollowingwordstakenfromthepassagethatyouhavejustread：(thenfollowsal

9、istofwords).Whatisthiswrongwithatestofcomprehension？Theproblemisthatitispossibletounderstandthemeaningofawordwithoutnecessarilybeingabletoproduceanotherword(orphrase)whichhasthesamemeaning.Thisisthereforeatestofbothcomprehensionandproduction.Ifweareonlyinterestedincomprehensionthenweshouldadoptanoth

10、ertestingstrategyperhaps by rewording the rubric thuslookatthefollowinglistofwordmeanings.Oppositeeachonewritedownawordfromthepassagewhichhasthatmeaning.Thisinvolvesthecandidateonlyinmatchingthemeaningwithawordtakenfromthepassage，apurelyreceptiveskill.Asimilarproblemariseswiththemultiple-choicevocab

11、ularyitems.Exercises1&2ofthefollowingtestitemsarebelongtovocabularyitems，whileexercises3&4testthegrammarincludingusageandtense.Ex1.Theministeraccusedthefarmersofthepotatoshortageinordertoforcepricesup.A. depletingB.expectingC.exploitingD.misapplyingE.misappropriatingEx2.Since1954therivalryin

12、militarystrengthbetweentheworldsgreatpowershasproducedabalancedpeace.presentlyB.precociouslyC.previouslyD.deviouslyE.precariouslyEx3.Whydoyoukeepyoureyes？rubB.rubbingC.rubbedD.torubEx4.Hemadethemistakeinthedictationexercise.lessB.leastC.fewerD.fewestAnotherexampleoftestthatmaynotbevalidoftenoccurswi

13、ththeexerciseasfollow.Therubricofthetestmaysay：Usethefollowingwordsinsentences：pretty，drive,complex'andtheanswersmaybelikethisMaryisaprettygirl.Igotaprettypicturefromtheshop.Buttestingtheextentofastudentsvocabularyisonlyoneaspectofthewholeproblem：controlofthevocabularyathisorherdisposalmustalsob

14、emeasured.Letustakethemultiplechoice(whichareusuallyorganizedsothatthecandidatehasanumberofoptions，onlyoneofwhichiscorrect，theothersbeingwrong.)unlessthevocabularyitembeingtestedhasaverylowfrequencycount(i.e.isveryrarelyused)，however，theitemwriterisadvisedtolimittheoptionstothesamegeneralareaofactiv

15、itywherepossible.Item1Item2apparitionapparitionA.skeletonA.sceneryB. ghostB.ghostC. nightmareC.magicianD. corpseD.castleIfitem2weresetinatest，studentswhohadreadafewghoststorieswouldprobablyselectoptionBbecausetheywouldassociateapparitionwiththestoriestheyhadread.Initem1，however，studentsarerequiredto

16、showamuchgreatercontrolovervocabulary.Anabilitytodiscriminatebetweenwordsisoftheutmostimportanceatallbuttheelementarylevels.Herethestemofmultiplechoiceconsistsofasentence：thetesteeshavetoselectthebestsynonymordefinitionofthelexicalitemsunderlined.Theburglarwasarrested，butthepersonwhohelpedhiminthecr

17、imegotaway.hisassociateB.hisaffiliateC.hisaccompliceD.hisemployerEinsteinstheoryofrelativityseemedincrediblewhenitwasfirstintroduced.unbelievableB.unaccountableC.impressiveD.inconsistentShetrembledassheadmittedwhatshehaddone.A.stumbledB.shrankC.hesitatedD.shookInbroaderterms，thisabilitymentionedabov

18、emayberegardedasdevelopingafeelforthelanguage.Vocabularyismuchmoreusefultestedincontextsinceitisthecontextthatgivesspecificmeaningandrelevancetoaword，thuscreatingasituationwhichisaslinguisticallyvalidaspossibleinthecircumstances.Pleasecomparethesetwoitems：Item1contemptuousdeepinthoughtB.withoutasens

19、eofhumorC.self-satisfiedD.scornfulItem2Lanwascontemptuousoftheeffortsofhisfriendstoraisesomemoneyforthecharity.deepinthoughtB.withoutasenseofhumorC.self-satisfiedD.scornfulObviously，item2isvalidwhenthelexicalitemisputinacontext.TestreliabilityindesigningvocabularytestsAreliablevocabularytestisonewhi

20、chwillalwaysgivethesameresultunderthesameconditions.Fortunately，reliabilityisnotusuallysuchagreatprobleminvocabularytestingasitisinsomeotherareasoflanguagetesting.Intestingcompositionortestingconversationalcompetence，forexample，thereisoftenasubjectiveelementwhichhastobeovercome，byusingadetailedmarki

21、ngscheme，perhaps，and/orbyusingmorethanoneexaminer.Thatswhythemultiple-choicetechniqueissopopularasatestingdevice，especiallyinavocabularytest.Oneofthemainproblemsinmakingupmultiple-choicetestsisthatthedistractorshavetobeplausible(seempossible)，withbeingmisleading.Forexample：Isthatgentlemanmarriedor？A

22、.aloneB.bachelorC.singleD.withoutwifeAlltheoptionsintheabovequestionareinroughlythesameareaofmeaning，butonlyC(single)soundsnatural，sincemarriedandsinglearewordswhichusuallycollocateasopposites.Ontheotherhand，caremustbetakennottounfairlymisleadthecandidate，asinthefollowingexample.Thesergeantshowedthe

23、newhowtosalute.A.volunteersB.conscriptsC.recruitsD.novicesThecurrentanswerisgivenasC(recruits)，butitcouldbearguedthatA(volunteers)andB(conscripts)arealsopossible.Sothisitemisnotreliable.Thereareseveralrulesshouldbeobeywhendesigningthemultiple-choiceitemonthestandardsofreliability.1. Eachoptionshould

24、belongtothesamewordclassasthewordinthestem，particularlywhentheworldappearsinthecontextofasentence.Forexample：WhathappenedtoJackintheaccident？A.cameaboutB.cameacrossC.carriedoutD.broughtaboutItisnosayingthat“Whatcameabouttojack？”sothestemshouldbechangedintoformlikethis：Canyoutellmehowthisaccidenthapp

25、ened？2. Thecorrectoptionandthedistractorsshouldbeatapproximatelythesamelevelofdifficultyorhavethesamegrammarconstructions.Forexample：Item1theatricalangryB.histrionicC.proudD.foolishItem2Tomseemstohavetoldastorytohisfriends，foreverybodyislaughing.detectiveB.withoutanyhumorC.funnyD.unbelievableInitem1，studentswillselectthecorrectoptionBnotbecausetheyknowitiscorrectbutonlybecausetheyknowtheotheroptionA.C.Darewrong.Andinitem2，studentscaneliminateoptionBforjudgingfromthegrammarconstruction.Sothosetwoitema