語法結構被動語態(tài)

1、語法結構：動詞的時態(tài)一.謂語動詞在這部分我們將對時態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣，情態(tài)動詞，以及主謂一致這些知識點分別進行詳細講解。1.1動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)指的是作謂語的動詞用來表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時間的各種形式。共有16種英語的動詞時態(tài)。現(xiàn)在過去將來1. 一般現(xiàn)在時5. 一般過去時9. 一般將來時13.一般過去將來時3. 現(xiàn)在完成時7. 過去完成時11. 將來完成時15.過去將來完成時這部分常考知識點有：1)條件，時間，讓步狀語從句中的“主將從現(xiàn)”2)一般過去時，現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的區(qū)別3)將來完成時(一)、一般現(xiàn)在時1、表示經常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)：常和always，usually，often，so

2、metimes，every day, every week等時間狀語連用。例：He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。2、表示普遍的真理。由于是眾所周知的客觀事實，所以一般不用時間狀語。例：The earth is round.地球是圓的。3、有些表示心理狀態(tài)或感情的動詞往往用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：I dont think you are right.我以為你錯了。4、在時間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則。常用的連詞有as soon as，when，until，if，unless。我們在此引用三道真題。例(1)"When are you

3、going to visit your uncle in Chicago?""As soon as _ our work for tomorrow."A. we're completeB. we'd completeC. we'll completeD. we complete(【答案】D)(2003年11月34題)例(2)They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _their exams.A. have finished B. finish C. finished D. w

4、as finishing(【答案】B)(1996年22題)例(3)When the mixture _, it will give off a powerful force.A. will heat B. will be heatedC. is heated D. has heated(【答案】C)(1992年59題)(二) 、現(xiàn)在進行時1、表示此時此刻(說話時)正在進行的動作。例：The teacher is talking with his students. 老師正在與學生們談話。2、表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。例：I am attending a conference in New Yo

5、rk. 我正在紐約參加一個會議。(三)、現(xiàn)在完成時1、表示動作剛剛結束(常和just, now, already, yet等詞連用)；或表示動作的結果(一般不用時間狀語)。例(1)Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明剛剛把燈關上。(說明現(xiàn)在燈已經關上了。)例(2)I have lost my pen.我把筆丟了。(說明過去某時丟的，現(xiàn)在我還沒有找到這支筆。)2、表示過去某時開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去(常用since引導的短語或從句，或由for引導的短語連用)。例(1)He has _ the army for ten years

6、 and is now an officer.A. gone intoB. joined inC. been inD. come into(【答案】C)(1995年49題)他入伍十年，現(xiàn)為軍官。(現(xiàn)在還在軍中。)例(2)Theyve known each other since childhood. 他們從小認識。(現(xiàn)在還繼續(xù)來往)3、非延續(xù)性動詞和it is +時間+since.(過去時)英語中有些動詞不能延續(xù)，因此不能和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用(如for ten years)。下題是非常典型的例子。例(1)It is ten years since he left home and join

7、ed the army.他入伍離鄉(xiāng)已十年。對非延續(xù)性動詞，表達完成時態(tài)時常用it is +時間+since 的句型代替，從句用過去時態(tài)。4、have(has)been to和have(has)gone to的區(qū)別have(has )been to：去過某地(表示某人的一種經歷)，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever連用。have(has)gone to：去某地了(表示某人已經離開此地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般來說此句型只用于第三人稱)，此句型不能與上述時間狀語連用。(1)He has gone to America.他已經去了美國。(現(xiàn)在不在此地)(2)He

8、 has been to America twice. 他(曾經)去過美國兩次。(四)、現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去某時一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個動作，這個動作一般會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，或是到說話時結束，但是強調到說話時為止一直在做的動作。例(1)I _ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.A. was knockingB. am knockingC. knockingD. have been knocking(【答案】D)(1998年49題)now一詞表示敲門動作持續(xù)進行一直到現(xiàn)在。例(2)Since he left the universit

9、y, he _ in an accounting company.A. has been working B. had worked C. had been working D. was working(【答案】A)(2006年4月16題)表示自大學畢業(yè)起一直在會計公司工作。(五)、一般過去時： 1、表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)：常和具體的過去時間狀語連用，如just now, last year, when I was 18 years old等。例：You've already missed too many classes this term .You _ two classes jus

10、t last week.A. missedB. would miss C. had missed D. have missed(【答案】A)(1995年59題)2、used to do sth：過去常常做例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我過去是在早晨散步。(意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了。)注意： 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別：一般過去時主要表示過去某個時間發(fā)生或完成的動作或存在過的狀態(tài)。這種動作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在沒有任何聯(lián)系。它只是表示過去發(fā)生過(或已完成)，過去 存在過。句中往往有明確的表示過去的時間狀語。如：just now, last year, wh

11、en I was 10 years old等。現(xiàn)在完成時則是由現(xiàn)在回顧過去的一種時態(tài)式，注意的是“是否曾經有過這么一回事，該事完成后遺留下來的影響或結果”。絕對不能使用指定過去某一 時點的時間狀語。常與下列副詞連用：already, recently, yet, before, just, ever, never，since, so far, in (over, during) the past few years等。上面舉的例子就能很好的體現(xiàn)這一區(qū)別。(六)、過去進行時1、表示在過去某一段時間正在進行的動作。常需用表示過去的時間狀語或通過上下文來判斷時間。例：He was doing his

12、 homework from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七點到九點他正在做作業(yè)。2、when 和while 的用法區(qū)別when表示一個特定時間點，其所引導的句子用過去時，while 表示持續(xù)的一段時間，其所引導的句子用過去進行時。例(1)I fell and hurt myself while I _tennis.A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played(【答案】A)(1998年43題)例(2)When you _ this over with her, you should not see her any m

13、ore.A. talk B. talked C. will talk D. talking(【答案】B)(1999年35題)例(3)One of the guards _ when the general came in, which made him very angry.A. has slept B. were sleeping C. slept D. was sleeping(【答案】D)(1996年23題)3、過去進行時表示過去將來的動作?，F(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來的動作，同樣，過去進行時也可以表示從過去某時間看將來要發(fā)生的動作。例：He went to see Xiao Li. He w

14、as leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要離開此地了。(七)、過去完成時1、表示在過去的某一時間或動作之前已經完成了的動作(即過去的過去)。這個過去的某一時間可用by, before等介詞或連詞引導的短語或一個從句來表示。例(1)When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she _ two days before.A. has left B. was leaving C. would leave D. had left(【答案】D)(2003年11月40題)例(2)About

15、 the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _ paper.A. inventedB. had inventedC. have inventedD. had been invented(【答案】B)(1997年35題)2、表示從過去某一時間開始，一直持續(xù)到另一個過去的時間的動作。例：The chemistry class _ for five minutes when we hurried there.A. had been onB. was onC. has been onD. would be on(

16、【答案】A)(1995年24題)3、在含有before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導的狀語從句的復合句中，由于連詞本身可以明確表示動作發(fā)生的先后順序，因此，主句和從句都可以用一般過去時表示，而不用過去完成時。例：I called him as soon as I arrived.我剛一到就給他打電話。4、過去完成時常用在no sooner than, hardly/scarcely/barelywhen，一就。句型之中，句子倒裝。例(1)No sooner had we sat down _ we found it was time to go.A. thanB. when

17、C. asD. while(【答案】A)(1997年50題)例(2)Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他剛打開門，蠟燭就被一陣風吹滅了。注意：一般過去時和過去完成時的區(qū)別:兩者都表示過去的動作，但一般過去時表示相對于現(xiàn)在的過去時間，而過去完成時則表示相對于過去某一時刻的過去，即過去的過去。過去曾經做過的 事，應該用過去時。過去完成時一般表示兩個過去的動作的一先一后。過去完成時單獨使用時要用by的時間狀語表示(到時候為止)。如：I finished the work yesterday.

18、They had fulfilled their task by the end of last year.(八)、一般將來時1、will(shall)+原形動詞：表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例：He will come and help you. 他會來幫助你的。2、be going to +動詞原形：表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情或打算好要做的事。例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去聽這個講座嗎？3、be to +動詞原形：表示安排或計劃好了的動作。例：The Five-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before

19、National Day. 五環(huán)路將在國慶節(jié)前通車。4、be about to +動詞原形：表示即將發(fā)生的動作。例：The lecture is about to begin.講座即將開始。5、某些表示開始、終結、往來行動的動詞如：go ,come, start, arrive, leave 等的現(xiàn)在進行時可表示將來。(1)We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天動身去北京。(2)The foreign guests are arriving in Shanghai tonight. 外賓今晚到達上海。(九)、將來完成時表示在將來某一時間以前完成的動作

20、。這是近兩年來考試的重點。其句型的基本結構就是will have done。我們下面通過幾道真題來講解這一語法點。例(1)By next year he _ in New York for five years. A. has workedB. has been workingC. worksD. will have worked (【答案】D)(2004年11月30題)。補充：如果句子中有by引導的時間狀語,句子需要用完成時；by后跟的是將來的時間，句子需要用將來完成時,表示將來某時之前已經完成的動作。 如,By next Friday, he will have studied here

21、for three years.到下周五,他在這里學習就要滿三年了。本句的意思是：到明年為止，他在紐約已經工作了五年了。例(2)By the end of next year they _ together for twenty years.A. will have worked B. had worked C. would work D. have worked(【答案】A)(2001年48題)。本句的意思是：到明年年底為止，他們已經一起工作了二十年。例(3)I _ writing the article by the time you get back.A. shall finishB.

22、must have finishedC. have finishedD. shall have finished(【答案】D)(2000年24題)本句的意思是：到你回來的時候，我會完成這篇論文。(十)、將來完成進行時這一語言點在最近的考試中也有所考察。句型結構為will have been doing.例：By the time you arrive this evening, _for two hours.A. I will study B. I will have been studiedC. I had studied D. I will have been studying (【答案】

23、D)(2004年11月41題)。本句的意思是：“到今晚你來的時候，我們就已經學習了兩個小時了。” 1.1配套練習1. Mary _ in the garden when it began to rain.A. was walkingB. walkedC. walkingD. had walked2. English _ in a new way at my college in the past few years.A. has been teachingB. was being taughtC. has been taught D. had been taught3. Smith is to

24、 study medicine as soon as he _ military service.A. will finish B. has finished C. finishD. would finish 4. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you _.A. will come B. would come C. shall come D. come5. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun _.A. shone B. shines C. has shone D. was sh

25、ining6. Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you _ with it.A. finish B. are finishedC. have finishedD. are finishing7. -How are you feeling?-I have been feeling better since_A. the doctor has come B. the doctor will come C. the doctor had come D. the doctor came8. The chemistry clas

26、s _ for five minutes when we hurried there.A. had been onB. was onC. has been onD. would be on9. By the time Juan gets home, he aunt _.A. will leave B. leavesC. will have leftD. is leaving10. Youve already missed too many classes this term. You _ two classes just last week.A. missed B. would miss C.

27、 had missed D. have missed11. One of the guards _ when the general came in, which made him very angry.A. has slept B. were sleepingC. slept D. was sleeping12. Dr. Robert went to New York, bought some books and _.A. visiting his daughter B. to visit his daughterC. visit his daughter D. visited his da

28、ughter13. I _ writing the article by the time you get back.A. shall finishB. must have finishedC. have finished D. shall have finished.14. There is a knock on the door. It is the second time someone_me this evening.A. interrupted B. has interrupted C. would interrupt D. interrupt15. “Is there anything wrong?”“No, so far I _ no trouble.” A. have had B. had C. have D. had had 16. No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she _ them.A. tries B. will try C. are tryi