英語五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)（課堂PPT）

1、1英語五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)一.主 謂 一、句型1： Subject (主語) Verb (謂語) 這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，所謂不及物動(dòng)詞，就是這種動(dòng)詞后不可以直接接賓語。常見的動(dòng)詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：1) Li Ming works very hard. 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon. 3）Spring is coming.若不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞也可以帶賓語 The old man died of h

2、unger.不及物動(dòng)詞表見q群2二.主 謂 賓二、句型二、句型3：Subject(主語主語)Verb(謂語謂語)Object(賓賓語語)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞,所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就是這種動(dòng)詞后可以直接接賓語是這種動(dòng)詞后可以直接接賓語，其賓語通常由名詞、代，其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等來充當(dāng)。例：詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等來充當(dāng)。例：1)Hetookmyarms.2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.（不

3、定式）她打算在即將到來的（不定式）她打算在即將到來的“五一五一”外出旅游。外出旅游。4)IdontknowwhatIshoulddonext.(從句從句)3常見及物動(dòng)詞 1.abandon 2 absorb 3.abuse 4.accelerate 5.achieve 6.acquire 7.address 8.admire 9.adopt 10.affect 11.allocate 12.alter 13.analyse 14.appreciate 15.attain 16.attract 17.ban 18.bear 19.boost 20.break 21.cancel 22.catch

4、 23.cause 24.celebrate 25.challenge 26. change 27. collect 28. combat 29.concentrate 30.conduct 31.confirm 32.confront 33.consume34.control 35.convey 38. cut 39. damage 40. debate 41.delay 42.deliver 43.demonstrate 44.deny 45.deserve 46. destroy 47.determine 48.develop 49. discuss 4 50.dismiss 51.di

5、splay 52.disregard 53.disrupt 54.distract 55.distribute 56.earn 57.ease 58.eliminate 59.emphasise 60.employ 61.encounter 62.enforce 63.enhance 64.enrich 65.establish 66.examine/exam 67.exercise 68.exhibit 69. expand 70. exploit 71.explore 72.express 73.extend 75.facilitate 76. follow 77.form 79. fos

6、ter 80.fulfil 81.gain 82. gather 83.generate 84.guarantee 86.handle 88.hold 89. ignore 90. imitate 93.impose 94.improve 95.increase 98.lay 99.limit 100.lose 5101.maintain 102.make 103.match 104. meet 107.obey 108.obtain 109. offer 111.oppose112.overcome 113.overlook 114.perform 115.place116.play 117

7、.pose 118.possess 119.predict 120.hibit 122.promote 123.protect 124.provide 126.pursue127.raise 128.reach 129.receive 130.recognise 131.reduce132.reform 133.reject 134.relieve 135.remove 136.repair137.repeat 138. replace 139. resist 140.resolve 141.respect 142.restore 143.retain 144.r

8、everse 145.review 146.satisfy147.set 148.share 149.shift 150.solve 151.spend 152.spoil154.strengthen 155.supply 156.support 158.suspend159.sustain 160.take 161.teach 162.transfer 163.transform164.trigger 165.understand 166.undergo (經(jīng)歷)167.undertake168.utilise 169.win 170.withdraw6三.主 系 表三、句型2：Subjec

9、t (主語) Link. V(系動(dòng)詞詞) Predicate(表語)這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點(diǎn)、身份等。其系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有： be, keep, stay, remain, look, seem, smell, taste, sound,等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious. 2) He looked worried just now. (2)表示變化。這類系動(dòng)詞有： become, get, turn, grow, go等。：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and

10、 warmer. 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.7grow, turn, go變成，成為 1. grow常指逐漸地變成新狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)漸變的過程。 grow tall長高；grow louder（聲音）大起來 2. 1)turn后面多接表示顏色的形容詞作表語，也可以接表示天氣的形容詞作表語側(cè)重指變得與原來截然不同。 The man turned blue with fear. The weather suddenly turned much colder. 2)注意turn后接名詞作表語不帶冠詞 turn doctor=become a

11、 doctor=make a doctor 成為一名醫(yī)生3.1)go作為連系動(dòng)詞，通常與形容詞連用，通常表示由好變壞或由正常情況變成特殊情況。go mad/crazy/blind/bad/hungry /wrong2)go也可以接表示顏色的形容詞作表語Hearing this, she went red.8四.主 謂 間賓 直賓 句型4： Subject(主語)Verb(謂語) Indirect object (間接賓語)Direct object (直接賓語)這種句型中，直接賓語為主要賓語，表示動(dòng)作是對誰做的或?yàn)檎l做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當(dāng)；間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語

12、，去掉之后，對整個(gè)句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子還可以表達(dá)為：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old

13、man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 9英語中接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 頒獎(jiǎng)給某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物帶給某人 hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借給某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄給某人 offer

14、 sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 將某物給某人 owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人 pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付給某人某物（錢） post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄給某人 read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物讀給某人聽 return sb.sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物還給某人 10英語中接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞 1. 雙

15、賓語易位時(shí)需借助介詞to的常用動(dòng)詞 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物給某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿給某人 teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告訴某人某情況 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔給某人 write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 給某人寫信 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把

16、某物送給某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物賣給某人 serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人 112.雙賓語易位時(shí)需借助介詞for的常用動(dòng)詞 book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 為某人預(yù)定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 為某人買某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 為某人選某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 為某人煮某物 draw sb. sth. = dr

17、aw sth. for sb. 為某人畫某物 fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 為某人去取某物 find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 為某人找到某物 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 為某人準(zhǔn)備某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 為某人拿來某物 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 為某人做某物 122.雙賓語易位時(shí)需借助介詞for的常用動(dòng)詞 order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 為某人訂購某物 pi

18、ck sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 為某人采摘某物 prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 為某人準(zhǔn)備某物 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 為某人留某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 為某人唱某歌 spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 為某人讓出某物 steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 為某人偷某物 3、有的動(dòng)詞后接的雙賓語易位時(shí)，既可用介詞to引出間接賓語，也可用介詞for引出間接賓

19、語，含義相同。如bring，play等： Bring me todays paper. = Bring todays paper to for me. 13五.主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ)五、句型5： Subject(主語)Verb (動(dòng)詞)Object (賓語)Complement(補(bǔ)語)這種句型中的“賓語 補(bǔ)語”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。賓語補(bǔ)足語的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、說明賓語的特點(diǎn)、身份等；或者表示讓賓語去完成的動(dòng)作等。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 2) We made him o

20、ur monitor.3) His father told him not to play in the street. 4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball. 5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans 常見的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 注意：動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所

21、接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。14接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的36個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.請（叫）某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 導(dǎo)致某人做某事 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做

22、某事 drive sb. to do sth .驅(qū)使某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 選舉某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 15 force sb. to do sth. 強(qiáng)迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 討厭某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某

23、事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜歡某人做某事 mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 寧愿某人做某事 16

24、request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 訓(xùn)練某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 麻煩某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 漢語的“原諒某人做某事”， 英語可說成excuse forgive sb. f

25、or doing sth. 漢語的“建議某人做某事”，英語可說成advise sb. to do sth. 漢語的“安排某人做某事”，英語可說成arrange for sb. to do sth.漢語的“要求某人做某事”，英語可說成demand of sb. to do sth. 漢語的“感謝某人做某事”， 英語可說成 thank sb. for doing sth. 漢語的“祝賀某人做某事”英語可說成congratulate sb. on doing sth. 漢語的“阻止某人做某事”，英語可說成prevent sb. from doing sth 17接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的16個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞catch sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事 discover sb. doing sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事 find sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感覺某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 聽見某人做某事 listen to sb. doing sth