高中英語劃分句子成分句式練習(xí)題及答案

1、英語句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有 表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）We often speak Engli

2、sh in class.（代詞）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（動名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）Whe n we are going to have an En glish test has not bee n decided,主語從句）It is necessary to master a foreign I

3、anguage. （it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之 后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、 簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every mor ning.2、 復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for twoweeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：We are stude nts.（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系

4、動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）Is it yours?（代詞）The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is exciting.（分詞）Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby （愛好）is p

5、laying football.（動名詞）The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語）Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has n ever bee n abroad.（表語從句）（五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition （展覽）yesterday.（名詞）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞）How man

6、y diction aries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語）I enjoy listening to popular music.（動名詞短語）I think （that） he is fit for his office.（賓語從句）賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）復(fù)合 賓語（賓語 + 賓

7、補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their mon itor.（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使賓補(bǔ)可句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They pain ted their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh air in.（副詞）You mustn ' t force him to lend his money to

8、 you.不定式短語）We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everythi ng in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a develop ing country; America is a developed country.（分詞）There are th

9、irty women teachers is our school.（名詞）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）The teachi ng pla n for n ext term has bee n worked out.（動名詞）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀

10、態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。 可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）He is proud to have passed the n ati onal college en tra nee exam in ati on.（不定式短語）He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）Wait a minute.（名詞）Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）狀語種類如下：H

11、ow about meeting again at six?（時間狀語）Last night she didn ' t go to the dance party because of the原OB狀語）I shall go there if it does n（條件tW®）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）In order t

12、o catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語）She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語）I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜 的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下： S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十F主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)

13、S十V十01十02主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十0十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)說明：S=主語；V =謂語；P=表語；0=賓語；01 =間接賓語；02 =直接賓語；。=賓 語補(bǔ)足語五個基本句式詳細(xì)解釋如下：1. S十V句式在此句式中，V是不及物動詞，又叫自動詞(vi.)。例如：He runs quickly .他跑得快。They listened carefully .他們聽得很仔細(xì)。He suffered from cold and hunger .他挨凍受餓。China belongs to the third world country .中國屬于第三世界國家。The gas has give n ou t.

14、煤氣用完了。My ink has run out .我的鋼筆水用完了。2. S十V十P句式在此句式中，V 是系動詞(li nk v .),常見的系動詞有：look , seem, appear, sou nd, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall ill/asleep , stand/sit still, become, turn 等。例如：He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。He seen interested in the book.他似乎對這本書感興趣。The story sounds in terest ing. 這個

15、故事聽起來有趣。The desk feels hard.書桌摸起來很硬。The cake tastes nice餅嘗起來很香。The flowers smell sweet and nicc .花聞起來香甜。You have grown taller than before .你長得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill .他突然病倒了。He stood quite still .他靜靜地站看。He becomes a teacher when he grew up 他長大后當(dāng)了教師。注意：有些動詞同時也是及物動詞，可構(gòu)成SVO句式，例如：He looked me u

16、p and down .他上下打量我。He reached his hand to feel the elephant 他伸出手來摸象。They are tasting the fish .他們在品嘗魚。They grow rice in their home town .他們在家鄉(xiāng)種水稻。He's got a chair to sit on.他有椅子坐。Please turn the sentence into En glish. 請把這個句于澤成英語。3 . S十V十0句式在此句式中，V是及物動詞(vt .)，因此有賓語。例如：I saw a film yesterday .我昨天

17、看了一部電影。Have you read the story?你讀過這個故事嗎？They found their home easily .他們很容易找到他們的家。They built a house last year .他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔?。They've put up a factory in the village .他們在村里建了一座工廠。They have taken good care of the children .這些孩子他們照看得很好。You should look after your children well .你應(yīng)該好好照看你的孩子。4. S十V十01十0

18、2句式在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有g(shù)ive, ask, bring , offer, send,pay, lend，show，tell， buy，get； rob，warn 等。例如：He gave me a book/a book to me. 他給我一本書。He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 他帶給我一枝鋼筆。He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 他把座位讓給我。注意下邊動詞改寫后介詞的變化：Mother bought me a book/a book for me.媽媽給我買了一本書。

19、He got me a chair/a chair for me .他給我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me .請幫我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me 他問我個問題。注意，下邊動詞只有一種說法：They robbed the old man of his money . 他們搶了老人的錢。He's war ned me of the dan ger.他警告我注意危險。The doctor has cured him of his disease.醫(yī)生治好了他的病。We must rid

20、 the house of th erats .我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak .他們剝奪了他說話的權(quán)利。5 . S十V十O十C句式在此句式中，V是有賓語補(bǔ)足語的及物動詞。常帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名 詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞常見的可接賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞很多，哪些動詞可接哪幾種形式作 賓補(bǔ)，須根據(jù)動詞的慣用法而定，不能統(tǒng)而概論。請看下面的例子。They made the girl angry .他們使這個女孩生氣了。They found her happy that day .他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。I

21、 found him out .我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。I saw him in .我見他在家。They saw a foot mark in the sand .他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沙地上有腳印。They named the boy Charlie .他們給這個男孩起名為查理。I saw him come in and go out . 我見他進(jìn)來又出去。They felt the car moving fast .他們感到汽車行駛得很快。I heard the glass broken just now .我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。He found the doctor of study closed to him

22、 .他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對他關(guān)閉了。練習(xí)一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:1. The stude nts got on the school bus.2. He han ded me the n ewspaper.3. I shall an swer your questi on after class.4. What a beautiful Chin ese painting!5. They went hun ti ng together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photo

23、s of the palaces in Beiji ng.8. There is going to be an America n film toni ght.9. He is to leave for Shan ghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scie ntist.11. He man aged to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it importa nt to master En glish.14. Do you have a

24、ny thi ng else to say?15. To be hon est, your pronun ciati on is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He no ticed a man en ter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、 用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語(一)

25、、狀語( = )、補(bǔ)語()：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an ope n fire outside. It's great! America ns eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my frie nds drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home a

26、fter the party .In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my

27、 best regards to your pare nts.三、選擇填空：()1.will leave for Beiji ng.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now()2. The weather.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold()3. The apple tasted.D. sweetD. latterD.deadedwould s

28、top to take a rest.D. We, weD. crowdedlyA. sweetsB. sweetly C. n icely()4. He got upyesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latest()5. The actorat the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyed()6.were all very tired, but none ofA. We, usB. Us, weC. We, our()7. He found the street much.A. crowdB. crowdi ngC. crow

29、ded()8.I thi nkn ecessary to lear n En glish well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is()9. The dogmad.A. looksB. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked()10 .I will n ever forget the dayI joi ned the army.A. thatB. whe nC. in whichD. where四、分析下列句子成分I. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great

30、pleasure to talk with you3. All of us con sidered him hon est.4. My gran dfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city .7. -1 love you more than her, child .8. Tees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door ope n.10.

31、 Gran dma told me an in terest ing story last ni ght.II. He wrote carefully some letters to his frie nds. 12.AII the stude nts thi nk highly of his teachi ng13. We n eed a place twice larger tha n this one. 14. He asked us to sing an En glish song.15. Don't get nervous, help yourself to what you

32、 like . 16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He did n't come. That is why he did n't know .18. She showed us her many of her pictures.19. The old man lives a Ion ely life.20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happe n in the cen ter of tow n.21. The cars made in Japa n are better t

33、ha n those in Germa ny22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him .23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this mon th.24. Go back where you came from.25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.26. At last he got home, tired and hun gry

34、.27. Would you please pass me the cup?28 Mary han ded her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest n ews about him?30. I 'get my hair cut tomorrow.五、區(qū)分復(fù)合句，簡單句，并列句。I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the f

35、arm. August is the hottest mon th here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from daw n un til dark. Sometimes we go on worki ng after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the n orth where it is colder they grow wheat. We hav

36、e a lot of machi nes on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garde n. It does n't ofte n rai n in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every e

37、vening we pump water from a well. It then runs along cha nn els to differe nt parts of the garde n.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an ope n fire outside. It's great! America ns eat a lot of meat too much in my

38、 opinion.Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in differe nt areas of the States. There are five differe nt time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different

39、time areas do you have in China ? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your pare nts.練習(xí)：一、1、主語，定語；2、間接賓語；3、謂語，狀語；4、定語；5、狀語，狀語；6、定語，表語；7、 賓語，狀語；8、謂語，主語；9、謂語；10、主語，表語；11、謂語，賓語；12、狀語；13、形式 賓語，真正賓語；14、賓語、定語；15、插入語，狀語；16、賓語（間賓+直賓）；17、狀語，狀語；18、形式主語，表語，賓補(bǔ)；19、賓補(bǔ)；20、表語1.主語+系動詞

40、 +表語2.主語3.主語+動詞 +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語5.主語+及物動詞+賓語6.主語7.主語+及物動詞+賓語8.主語9.主語+動詞 +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語、15 CBDBB 610 ACBAB13.主語+及物動詞+賓語14.主語+動詞 +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語15.主語+系動詞+ 表語16.主語+動詞 +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語17.主語+系動詞+ 表語18.主語+雙賓動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語19.主語+不及物動詞20.主語+不及物動詞21.主語+系動詞+ 表語22.主語+系動詞 +表語23.主語+及物動詞+賓語24.主語+不及物動詞25.主語+及物動詞+賓語26.主語+不及物動詞+系動詞 +表語4.主語+雙賓動

41、詞+間接賓語+直接賓語+動詞+形式賓語it +賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語+系動詞 +表語10.主語+雙賓動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語主語+雙賓動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語12主語+及物動詞 +賓語11.28.主語+雙賓動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語+動詞 +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語主語+雙賓動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 主語+及物動詞 +賓語 30.主語27.29.I hope you are very well （復(fù)合句）.I'm fine, but tired （簡單句）.Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm （并列句）.August is the hottest month here（簡單句）.It is the time of ye