人教版高二英語(yǔ)必修五同步復(fù)習(xí)全攻略專題5.2重點(diǎn)句型語(yǔ)法剖析(含解析)

1、重點(diǎn)句型語(yǔ)法剖析/三重點(diǎn)句型剖析1. unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句【教材原句】 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to theburn.除非衣服緊貼在燒傷面上，否則要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話，可以使用剪刀?！痉椒ㄒ?guī)律】(1)unless 是連詞，意為“除非；如果不”，引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)肯定條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句有時(shí)可以與if not引導(dǎo)的否定狀語(yǔ)從句互換。(2)unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義，主句多用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。在unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略。例：The

2、 speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted.校園自行車限速每小時(shí)15英里，除非另有公告。We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it' s very cold.除非下雨或天很冷，否則我們將在本周日去公園野餐。即學(xué)即練用ifnot 改寫(xiě)句子。 Unless you have tried it, you can' t imagine how pleasant it is. I want you t

3、o keep working unless I tell you to stop.【答案】 If you have not tried it, you can' t imagine how pleasant it is. I want you to keep working if I don' t tell you to stop.【解析】本題主要考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句(2)完成句子, you can refer to the dictionary.如果有必要，你可以查字典。 You will fail in French.你要是再不加把勁，法語(yǔ)就考不及格了。 It is known

4、 to all that regularly, you won' t keep fit.眾所周知，除非你經(jīng)常鍛煉，否則身體不會(huì)健康?！敬鸢浮?If (it is) necessary unless you work harder unless you exercise【解析】本題主要考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句2. be doing when "正在做這時(shí)突然”【教材原句】 John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí)，這時(shí)他聽(tīng)到了一聲尖叫?！痉椒ㄒ?guī)律】be doing when”正在做這時(shí)突然"

5、，when為并列連詞，表示“這時(shí)；突然”，相當(dāng)于 and at this/that time 。be about to do when 正要做這時(shí)(突然)be on the point of doing when正要做這時(shí)(突然)had just done when 剛做完這時(shí)(突然)即學(xué)即練We the problem when there was a power failure.我們正在討論問(wèn)題，這時(shí)停電了。(2)I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.=I my best friend encou

6、raged me to go on.我正要放棄這時(shí)我最好的朋友鼓勵(lì)我繼續(xù)下去。(3)They three miles when they realized they had left theirIDs at home.他們剛走了三英里，突然意識(shí)到他們的身份證忘在家里了。【答案】were discussing(2)was on the point of giving up when(3)had just covered【解析】本題主要考查be doing when 句型的用法四、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法突破省略在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中，為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔明了，重點(diǎn)突出或上下文緊密相連，可以省去某些句子 成分而保持句子愿意不變，

7、這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象稱之為省略。英語(yǔ)中的種種省略有如下情況: (一)簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略1.省略主語(yǔ)(1)祈使句中的主語(yǔ)通常被省略如：(You) Open the door, please.(2)其它省略主語(yǔ)多限于現(xiàn)成的說(shuō)法請(qǐng)開(kāi)一下門。謝謝你的幫助。b. (It) Doesn't matter. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。2.省略主謂語(yǔ)或主謂語(yǔ)的一部分如：a. (There is) No smoking.禁止抽煙b. (Is there) anything else?還有其他事嗎?c. (You come) This way please.請(qǐng)這邊走d. (Will you) Have a smoke?抽煙嗎?3.省略

8、謂語(yǔ)a. Who (comes) next? 該誰(shuí)了 ?b. We ' ll do the best we can (do).我們將盡力而為。4.省略賓語(yǔ)如：Do you know Mr. Li?你認(rèn)識(shí)李先生嗎?I don ' t know (him.)我不認(rèn)識(shí)他。如：a. (I) Thank you for your help.5.省略表語(yǔ)如：一Are you thirsty?你30歲了嗎?Yes, I am (thirsty).是的，我是。6.省略狀語(yǔ)He was not hurt. (How) Strange!他沒(méi)有受傷，真奇怪!7.同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分a. Are you

9、feeling better now?你覺(jué)得好些了嗎? (I am feeling ) Much better (now)好多了。b. (I wish) Good luck (to you).祝你好運(yùn)/祝你順利。(二)并列復(fù)合句中的省略在并列句中后邊的分句可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分。如：The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy) handed it to a policeman.這個(gè)男孩在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把他交給了警察。Your advice made me happy but (your advice made) Tom an

10、gry.你的建議使我高興但使湯姆生氣。Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.湯姆肯定一直在打籃球，瑪麗一直在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。(三)主從復(fù)合句中的省略1 .狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略一般說(shuō)來(lái)省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語(yǔ)從句中：由 when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；由 whether, if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；由though, although, even if, whatever等引導(dǎo)

11、的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；由 as, than 等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句；由as, as if, as though等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。上述狀語(yǔ)從句在省略時(shí)應(yīng)遵循下面原則：(1)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞be,這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)： 連詞(as, as if, once) + 名詞；連詞(though, whether, when) +形容詞；連詞(whether, as if, while) +介詞短語(yǔ);連詞(when, while, though) +現(xiàn)在分詞；連詞(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than,

12、as) +過(guò)去分詞；連詞(as if, as though) +不定式。如：a. Work hard when (you are) young, or you' ll regret.趁年輕要努力學(xué)習(xí)，要不然你他到處看似乎在找什這次展覽比被預(yù)料的會(huì)后悔的。b. He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.么東西。c. The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.有趣的多。注意：當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，間或也有這樣的省略，如：Her fa

13、ther told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.當(dāng)她過(guò)馬路時(shí)父親告訴她要當(dāng)心。當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)是it ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中又含有系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以把it和系動(dòng)詞be一起省略。此時(shí)構(gòu)成連詞(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果沒(méi)有必要,你最好不要查字典。2 .定語(yǔ)從句中的省略(1) 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that, which

14、, whom可以省略;如：Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in hiswork?這就是他在會(huì)上解釋他工作中粗心的原因嗎？而在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which, whom不可以省略?？梢允?你昨天見(jiàn)到的湯姆病倒 不可以省)湯姆病倒了，你昨天見(jiàn)到試比較： Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.( whom 了。Tom, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. (whom 他了。(2)在口語(yǔ)和非正式用語(yǔ)中，關(guān)系副詞

15、 when, where和why經(jīng)常用that來(lái)代替，甚至還可省 略。如：This is the first time (when/that) he had trouble with the boss.這是他第一次麻煩老板。 當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的the way時(shí)，從句應(yīng)該用that或in which 來(lái)引導(dǎo)，或省略。如：I don ' t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.我不喜歡你嘲笑他的行為。3 .賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略(1)在及物動(dòng)詞后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，連詞that 一般可以省略；但如果及物動(dòng)詞后面是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)

16、以上的并列的賓語(yǔ)從句，那么只有第一個(gè)that可以省略。如：I think (that) the reform of the renminbi' s exchange rate is necessary.我認(rèn)為人民幣兌換率的改革是必要的。(2)由which, when, where, how 和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以全部或部分省略。如：He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad).他想搬遷到國(guó)外但他的父母想知道為什么。4 .在與suggest, request, order,

17、 advise等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式“should +動(dòng)詞原形"，should可以省略。如：Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France CultureYear (should) last long in various forms.法國(guó)總統(tǒng)希拉克建議中法文化年以各種各樣的形式長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)。5 .主句省略多用于句首。如：(It is a) Pity that I didn' t go to Mary ' s birthday party yester

18、day.很遺憾，我昨天沒(méi)有去參加瑪麗的生日聚會(huì)。6 .在答語(yǔ)中，主句可全部省略。如： 一Why were you absent from school last Friday? (I was absent from school) Because my mother was ill. 上周五你為什么沒(méi)有上學(xué)？ 因?yàn)槲覌寢尣×恕?四)動(dòng)詞不定式省略，只保留 to的場(chǎng)合1 .不定式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect,prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, a

19、gree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage 等。如：You can do it this way if you like to.如果你想做，你可以這么做。2 .不定式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：ask, tell, advise,force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid, expect, order, warn等。如：The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him

20、not to.那個(gè)男孩想在街上騎他的自行車，但他母親不讓。3 .不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：happy, glad, eager, anxious,willing, ready 等。如： I will be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all. I ' d be happy to (look after your cat).我要出差，你能幫我照顧一下我的貓嗎？沒(méi)關(guān)系，我很愿意。4 .不定式作某些復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)如：be able to, be goin

21、g to, have to, ought to,used to 等。如：He doesn ' t like fish but he used to.他現(xiàn)在不喜歡吃魚(yú)，但過(guò)去喜歡。5 .動(dòng)詞不定式to的省略主語(yǔ)部分有to do ,系動(dòng)詞is或was時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式通常省去to。如：The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必須做的惟一事情是按按鈕。2 .作介詞but, expect, besides的賓語(yǔ)，前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式通常省去 to。如:In the park, the child had nothing t

22、o do except play with lavish toys, such as the toy theatre, the steam driven train, jack-in-the-boxes and beautiful dolls.在公園里，孩子除了玩玩具劇院、蒸汽火車、盒子里的杰克和漂亮的洋娃娃外，什么也沒(méi)做。3 .主語(yǔ)部分暗含to do ,表語(yǔ)中的不定式通常省去to。如：All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard.我想要(做)的就是上學(xué)，努力學(xué)習(xí)。4 .當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式并列時(shí)，其后的不定式符號(hào)可以省略，但有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)不可

23、省略。如:It is easier to say than to do.說(shuō)起來(lái)容易，做起來(lái)難。5 .在would rather than等結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號(hào)常常要省略。如：I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我寧愿呆在家也不愿去看電影。6 . 在 see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，省略不定式符號(hào)to; why (not) do 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式不帶to。如：a. I saw her enter

24、the room.我看見(jiàn)她進(jìn)入了 房間。b. Why not join us?為什么不加入到我們的行列里來(lái)呢？(五)其他一些省略結(jié)構(gòu)1 .名詞所有格修飾的名詞，若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過(guò)的事物時(shí)，常常可以省略。如：We spent the weekend at the Mary ' s.我們?cè)诂旣惣疫^(guò)的周末。2 . What和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，?？墒÷灾髡Z(yǔ) it和be動(dòng)詞。如：What a wonderful victory (it is) for Tom!這對(duì)Tom來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)多么大的勝利呀！How beautiful (it is) to be treated

25、 like a normal child.被當(dāng)作一個(gè)正常孩子對(duì)待對(duì)他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。即學(xué)即練1. The global warming, if not properly , might lead to more natural disasters.A. was controlledB. controlledC. to controlD. being controlled【答案】B【解析】考查省略口句意：全球變G勖如果不適當(dāng)控制，可能導(dǎo)致奧多的自然災(zāi)害。Ifnotpioperlyoonfcolled 是 if it is not properly controlled 的音璐中2. I

26、f you go to Jiuzhaigou Valley today, you' ll find it more attractive than commonlyA. supposingB. supposedC. to supposeD. suppose【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。suppose與其邏輯主語(yǔ)it是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。3. 一 What do you think made Mary so upset?一 her bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing【答案】C【解析

27、】問(wèn)句問(wèn)的是“什么讓 Mary如此不開(kāi)心？” ，回答應(yīng)該用名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)或句子，實(shí) 際上完整的答語(yǔ)是 losing her bicycle made Mary so upset 。4. 一 You should have thanked her before she left.-I meant, but when I was leaving I couldn' t find her anywhere.D. doing soA. to doB. toC. doing【答案】B【解析】考查省略，一些表示心理活動(dòng)、情感態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ),如expect'waiiMapwisliQsliaiekkddekplajjZiiieaii.tiyLuld lik«<be readybe 班aidbe 鼠虱 等后，動(dòng)詞不定式省 略S后期的動(dòng)詞部分但保留出。5. Do you think it ' s going to rain over the weekend?.A. I don ' t believeB. I don ' t believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe not【答案】D【解析】考查交際用語(yǔ)?；卮稹拔也贿@么認(rèn)為"應(yīng)該用 I believe not 。6. for the free