虛擬語氣及倒裝

1、.環(huán)球雅思教育學科教師講義講義編號： _ 副校長 / 組長簽字：簽字日期：學員編號：年級：課時數(shù)：學員姓名：輔導科目：學科教師：課題虛擬語氣及倒裝授課日期及時段教 學 目 的學會虛擬語氣固定結構及倒裝用法重 難 點辨析應用倒裝的適當情況【考綱說明】虛擬語氣和倒裝的考察一般出現(xiàn)在單選和完成句子中，需要學會應用基本句型?！局R梳理】虛擬語氣一、語氣英語中的語氣分為三類：陳述語氣（用于陳述句、疑問句、感嘆句）祈使語氣（用于祈使句）虛擬語氣（用于條件狀語從句、賓語從句等）二、虛擬語氣如果所說的不是事實，而是一種假設、愿望、建議或是一種實現(xiàn)不了的空想，就用虛擬語氣。三、虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用

2、法1、真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句Eg ： If he doesn t hurry up, he will miss the bus.(真實條件狀語)： If I were you, I would go at once.（非真實條件狀語從句）：If there was no air, people would die.（非真實條件狀語從句）2、虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法及動詞形式;.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況If I were you, I d take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。If I had any money with me, I could l

3、end you some.如果我?guī)уX了，我就會借給你些。表示與過去事實相反的情況Eg： If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。 （事實：沒有聽我的話）表示對將來情況的主觀推測（可能相反或可能性很?。〦g： If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him

4、.如果他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟他談談。（事實：來的可能性很?。㊣f there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了 . （事實：不知能否下雪）四、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、虛擬語氣用在wish后的賓語從句a、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用過去式eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。( 事實：我根本比不上你)b、表示過去事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞：had+v-edeg: I wish I had known the truth of the

5、matter.我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。c、表示將來難以實現(xiàn)的愿望,謂語動詞： should/would +動詞原形 .eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很難再有這樣的機會了。（2、虛擬語氣用在 suggest( 建議 ) 、insist( 堅持 ) 、demand(要求 ) 、order( 命令 ) 等動詞后的賓語從句中，從句的謂語動詞都用： “ should + 動詞原形”或只用“動詞原形” 。如 He suggested/ insisted/ordered/demandthat we (should) take the teacher s

6、 advice.從句謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反If+ 主語 +did主語 +should/would/might/could+do與過去事實相反If+ 主語 +had done主語 +should/would/might/could+have done+were對將來的推測If+ 主語 + did主句 +should/would /might /could+動詞原形+ were to do倒裝一倒裝句之全部倒裝全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和 一般過去時。常見的結構有：1) here, there, now, then, thus等副

7、詞置于句首,謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2) 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。Here he comes.Away they went.二倒裝句之部分倒裝;.部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主

8、語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞 do, does 或 did ，并將其置于主語之前。1。 句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way, not until等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.當 Not unti

9、l 引出主從復合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例題1) Why cant I smoke here?At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit2） Not until t

10、he early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did knowB. man knowC. didnt man knowD. did man know2. 。以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No soonerthanNot only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visi

11、t her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例題No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game beganB.has the game begunC. did the game beginD.had the game begun注意：只有當Not onlybutalso 連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置于句首的Not onlybutalso 僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。Not only you but also I am

12、fond of music.3。 so, neither, nor作部分倒裝表示 也 、 也不 的句子要部分倒裝。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will I.典型例題-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I dont know, _.A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also注意：當 so 引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結構。意

13、為 的確如此 。Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.-Its raining hard.-So it is.4。 only在句首要倒裝的情況Only in this way, can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.;.如果句子為主從復合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.5。 as, thoug

14、h引導的倒裝句as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞 ,副詞 ,分詞 ,實義動詞提前） 。注意：1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。2) 句首是實義動詞 , 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語,隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意 :讓步狀語從句中，有though ， although時，后面的主句不能有but ，但是 though和 yet 可連用。6。 其他部分倒裝1) so that 句型中的 so 位于句首時，需倒裝。

15、So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.3)在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if省略，把were, had, should移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。Were I you, I would try it again.典型例題：1） Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat isA. man did knowB. man knewC.

16、didnt man knowD. did man know2） Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realize3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?I dont know, _.A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also【經(jīng)典例題】1、 If I _ you, I

17、would take an umbrella.A. wasB. wereC. am2.He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.A. be finishedB. will finishC. must be finished3.If I knew his telephone number, I _ youA, would tellB. would have told C. told4.Without the leadership of the Party, there _no New China.A. would beB. has be

18、enC. should beD. was5.The young man insisted that he _ free.;.A. setB. should be setC. should setD.must be set6. If I had got there earlier, I _ her.A. could metB. could have metC.can meetD.must meet7. If there _ a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.A. would beB. wereC. would have been

19、D. was8. He suggested that they _ use trick instead of fighting.A. shouldB. wouldC. doD. had9.I would have gone to the meeting, if I _ time.A. had hadB. have hadC. would have hadD. had10.I enjoyed the movie very much, I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. had readB. have readC. should have h

20、adD. am reading11. I really hate to go to such a noisy place. _.A. So am IB. So do IC. So have ID. So can I12. I can t play the piano, and _.A. neither can my sisterB. my sister cant, tooC. so can t my sisterD. can my sister, either13 His father likes keeping dogs and.A.so is his motherB.so his moth

21、er doesC.so does his mother14. I m not going swimming tomorrow afternoon. _. I have to clean up my bedroom.A. So am IB. Neither am IC. Neither I am D. So I am15. It s snowing so heavily! I prefer to stay at home and read a novel. _. I hate going out on such a cold day!A. So do IB. So I doC. Neither

22、do I16. Lily and I will go to the old people s home this weekend. _.A. So will IB. So I willC. So do I17.If you go to the theater this evening, so _ I.A.willB.shouldC,doD.am18. Mary likes playing basketball very much. _.A.So does AmyB.So Amy isC.So Amy does19. I don t like documentaries. _.A. So do

23、IB. So I doC. Neither do ID.Either do I20. Would you like to go to the amusement park? If Jack does, _.A.I go, tooB.so will Ic.neither will ID.so do I;.【課堂練習】1. We have never been to Mexico, what about Jeff? _. He hopes to visit it some day.A.Neither has heB.Neither does heC.So has heD.So does he2.

24、Tom loves his classmates and teachers. _.A.So do IB.So I doC.Neither do I3.I didnt know his telephone number. _ it， I _ then.A. Had I known， would ring him upB. Should I know， would have rung him upC. If I knew； would ring him upD. Had I known； would have rung him up4.Mary is ill today. If she _， she _ absent from school.A. were not ill， wouldnt beB. had been ill， wouldnt have beenC. had been ill， sh