中考英語簡單句的五種基本句型講解及練習(xí)題

1、簡單句的五種基本句型講解及練習(xí)題一、句子成份英語句子成分有主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補足語，表語，定語，狀語等。 順序一般是主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補足語，而表語，定語，狀語的位置要根據(jù)情況而定。 1、主語：表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）We often speak English in class.（代詞）O

2、ne-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（動名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正

3、的主語為后面的不定式） 2、謂語：謂語說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征?？梢杂胁煌臅r態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣。1)簡單謂語： We study for the people. 2)復(fù)合謂語： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表語: 它位于系動詞(比如be)之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代詞）The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is exciting.（分詞）Th

4、ree times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動名詞）The ruler must be in your box.（介詞短語）Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句） 4、賓語: 賓語表示動作行為的對象，跟在及物動詞之后，We like English.How many dictionaries do you hav

5、e? I have five.（數(shù)詞）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）It began to rain.（不定式短語）I enjoy listening to popular music.（動名詞短語）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句）有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。如： W

6、e make him our monitor(班長).5、賓補: 就是賓語補足語，就是補充說明賓語的 I see you crossing the street His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh（新鮮的） air in.（副詞）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語）We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everything in the l

7、ab in good order.（介詞短語）6、定語: 在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。 He is a new student. 但副詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等作定語時，則放在被修飾的詞之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a developing（發(fā)展中） country; America is a developed（發(fā)達(dá)） country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）H

8、is progress（進(jìn)步）in English made us surprised.（代詞）Our monitor（班長） is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.（介詞短語） 7、狀語: 修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分，叫做狀語。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。 He lives in London. Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副

9、詞性詞組）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）He is sorry to trouble(麻煩) you.（不定式短語）He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）Once（一旦0 you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）狀語種類如下：How about meeting again at six?（時間狀語）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語）I shall go

10、 there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點狀語）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語）She works

11、 very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語）I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is to becom

12、e a scientist.7. Hewants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建議）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and

13、tidy.14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.簡單句的五種基本句型英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 主語 不及物動詞S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 主語 連系動詞 表語S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 主語 及物動詞 賓語S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu) 判斷類型和句子成分：She came She likes English. She

14、is happyThe teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me. She gave John a book My head aches.She makes her mother angry The sun was shining.  The moon rose.     They talked for half an hour.   他們談了半個小時。The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。 Everyth

15、ing looks different. 一切看來都不同了。He is growing tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯。 His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。Who knows the answer?  誰知道答案？ He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。He bought you a dictionary. She ordered herself a new

16、 dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一餐美饌。I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽車。He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我開機器。 What  makes  him  think so? 他怎么會這樣想？The children are

17、 playing happily.   The Greens enjoy living in China. He became a famous doctor.  他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。  The apple pie tastes really delicious.  蘋果派吃起來真是好吃。基本句型一： S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,1).

18、學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。_基本句型二:  S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)常見的系動詞有：be(是)； get(變得), become(成為), turn(變得), look(看起來), feel(感到), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), sound(聽起來), seem(似乎)A. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。8) We should _ _ any time.      我們在任何時候都應(yīng)該保持安靜

19、。9) 這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。_.B. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：10)  Spring comes. It is _. 春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。11)  Don't have the food. _.不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了?；揪湫腿? S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)13) 我昨天看了一部電影。_.16）They have _ _ _ of the children這些孩子他們照看得很好。基本句型四: S十V十間接賓語“人”十直接賓語“物”結(jié)構(gòu) 間接賓語前需要加t

20、o 的常用動詞有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動詞有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。  18）Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday   present.   昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。19) The old man _ _

21、_ _ _ in the Long March.(正在給孩子們講故事)這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為： 動詞 直接賓語 for/ to sb.    20) Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _.   請把你的畫給我看一下。 I _ _the salt. = I _the salt _ _.  我把書遞給他。  基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu) 此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語。c

22、all（叫）, choose（選）, find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）, make, name, (命名)22）Keep _, please. 請讓孩子們安靜下來。23）They  painted  _ _ _. 他們把門漆成綠色。 We must _ _ _ _.  我們必須保持我們的學(xué)校潔。   He  asked  me  _ _ _ soon. 他要我早點回來。24）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個懶惰的人。_.注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動

23、詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to。如：25）The boss _ _ _ all day. (迫使他勞動) We  saw  _  _ _. (他出去)?？键c突破訓(xùn)練1、I am sorry to have kept you_ A to wait B wait C waited D waiting2、 I felt somebody _ me A touch B touched C to touch D touches3、 He taught me _ speak English A how should B how C how can I D how to 4、 I

24、shall make your dream _ A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true5、 He told _ home A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go 6、 I think _ a good habit to get up early A this B it C that D its7、 Roses in bloom smell _ A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness ( )1. The weather

25、_.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 2. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 3. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter ( )4. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us,

26、 we C. We, our D. We, we ( )5.I think _necessary（必要的） to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 6. The dog _ mad（瘋的）.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is ca

27、lled Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor wi

28、ll he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.簡單句的五種基本句型講解及練習(xí)題英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十

29、O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)說明：S主語；V謂語；P表語；O賓語；O1間接賓語；O2直接賓語；C賓語補足語基本句型一： S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，這些動詞常見的有：run, study, arrive, come, happen,等。如：1). 學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。_2). 她跑得很快。 _3). 事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。 _補充: 少數(shù)不及物動詞后面能跟一個相同意義的名詞作賓語，這個名詞和前面的動詞在詞根上是相同的或者在意義上是相近的，這樣的賓語就叫做同源賓語。常見的能帶同源賓語的動詞有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, smi

30、le, laugh, fight, run, sing等。例如：4). With the help of his families and neighbors, the farmer lives a happy life._。5). I dreamed a terrible dream last night. _。6). Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the Japanese many years ago._。7). He died a glorious death. _?；揪湫投? S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的系動詞一般可分

31、為下列兩類：A. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等。如：8) We should _ _ any time. 我們在任何時候都應(yīng)該保持冷靜。9) 這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。_.B. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等。如：10) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。11) Don't have the f

32、ood. _.不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。12) The fact _ _. 這個事實證明是正確的?；揪湫腿? S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞應(yīng)為及物動詞或者可以后接賓語的動詞短語。同時，句子中有時含有與賓語有關(guān)的狀語。作賓語的成分常是：名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句。如：13) 我昨天看了一部電影。_.14) I never said I would come back._。15）They finally decided to get along with us. _。16）They have _ _ _ of the children這些孩子他們照看得很好。17）I don

33、t like watching too much TV._。基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，O1間接賓語；O2直接賓語這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指“人”，直接賓語常常指“物”。如：18）Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。19) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March._。這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：A. 動詞 直接賓語 for sb.；B. 動詞 直接賓語 to sb.。20) Pl

34、ease show me your picture.=Please _ _ _ _ _. 請把你的畫給我看一下。21) I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.=I'll offer _ _ _ _ _ as long as you don't lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我會給你提供機會的。基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主謂賓賓補結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的賓語 補語可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”, 作補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。如：22）Keep _, ple

35、ase. 請讓孩子們安靜下來。23）他要我學(xué)好英語。_.24）他把書放在書架上。_.25) 他把墻漆成白色。_.26) 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的錢包被偷了。_.27) 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個誠實的人。_.注意：動詞have, make, let,后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to； 動詞see, hear, notice, observe, watch等后可以加不帶to的不定式或動名詞做賓補，如：28）The boss made him do the work all day. _。29）我聽見有個女孩正在隔壁房間唱歌。_.第2/4頁基本句型翻譯練習(xí)基本句型一: 主+系+表1. 當(dāng)時他看起來不高興。_2. 我

36、最喜歡的運動是游泳和滑冰。_3. 我擅長英語。_4. 這食物吃起來挺可口的。_5. 這故事聽起來很有趣。_6. 收到你的來信我很高興。_ 基本句型二: 主+謂(不及物動詞)1. 2011年至2013年我在廣益中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。_2. 今天上午，我們在校門口會面然后一起去了那里。_3. 這幾年我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。_4. 小車沒有停而是快速的開走了。_ 基本句型三: 主+謂(及物)+賓1. 去年在學(xué)校電腦競賽中我獲得了一等獎。_2. 在業(yè)余時間我喜歡聽流行音樂和收集郵票。_3.幾天前我和我兄弟騎自行車去看電影。_4. 我們也在校園內(nèi)和周圍種上了許多樹。_5. 晚上時，我可以看電視新聞或看報紙。_ 基

37、本句型四: 主+謂(及物)+雙賓（間賓+直賓）1. 去年王老師教我們英語。_2. 在我14歲生日時，爸爸給我買了一輛新自行車。_3. 昨晚我花了兩小時才完成作業(yè)。_4. 對不起，能問你一個問題嗎？_ 基本句型五: 主+謂(及物)+復(fù)合賓語（賓+賓補）1. 那時我正看到那些孩子在河邊玩。_2. 我們正在使我們的國家變得越來越美麗。_3. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)教室時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)里邊沒有人。_4. 我注意到凱特整個早上都在圖書館里看書。_5. 父親叫我給他帶些報紙來。_ 基本句型翻譯綜合練習(xí)：1. 那噪音太大，我無法繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。_2. 得知你9月份要來我很高興。_3. 長沙是一個品嘗新食物的好地方。_4. 當(dāng)那個人在

38、過馬路時，小車撞了他。_5. 我已決定明天下午3：30到機場接他。_6. 所有父母都希望看到他們孩子們的成功。_7.志愿者常給貧窮的孩子們提供很多學(xué)習(xí)用品。_第3/4頁1. He looked unhappy at that time.2. My favourite sports are swimming and skating.3. I am very good at English.4. The food tastes delicious.5. I was so pleased to hear from you.6. The story sounds very interesting.1. I studied in Guangyi Middle School from 2011 to 2013.2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.3. Great changes have taken place i