高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)資料

1、高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)一、冠詞The Article知識要點：冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞的前面，幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞（ The Indefinite Article ）和定冠詞（The definite Article ）兩種。a （an） 是不定冠詞，a 用在輔音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an oldman, an hour, an interesting book 等。 the 是定冠詞。一、不定冠詞的用法1、指人或事物的某一種類（泛指）。這是不定冠詞 a （an）的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher.Ple

2、ase pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story -book from the library.A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。3、表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒有 one 強烈。如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定詞組中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, ha

3、ve a good time, for a while, for a longtime 等。5、用在抽象名詞前，表具體的介紹 a + 抽象名詞，起具體化的作用。如：This little girl is a joy to her parents. 這女孩對她父母來說是一個樂趣。It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交談?wù)媸且患淇斓氖虑椤t is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 參加這個會，對我來說是一種榮譽。二、定冠詞的用法：1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。這是定冠詞the 的基本用法。如：Beijing

4、is the capital of China.The pen on the desk is mine.2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如：Where is the teacher?Open the window, please.3、指上文提過的人或事物（第二次出現(xiàn)）。如：There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.The baby was thin.4、用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：the earth, the moon, the sun.5、用在序數(shù)詞和形容

5、詞最高級前。（副詞最高級前的定冠詞可省略）如：He is always the first to come to school.Bob is the tallest in his class.6、用在某些專有名詞前（由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專用名詞）。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Childrens Palace, the Party 等。7、用在一些習(xí)慣用語中。如：on the day, in the morning （afternoon, evening）, the day after tomorrow,

6、the day before yesterday, the next year, by theway 等。8、用在江河湖海、山脈前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas9、用在報刊、雜志前。如：the Peoples Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士報。10、表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如：The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。11、用在形容詞前，表某一類人。如：等。 the po

7、or, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick12、定冠詞可以表示一事物內(nèi)部的某處。如：The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).三、零冠詞(即不用冠詞)：1、專用名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science 等。2、名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代詞。如：Go down this stree

8、t.3、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時。如：We are students.I like reading stories.4、節(jié)日、日期、月份、季節(jié)前。如：Teachers Day, Childrens Day, National Day, in summer, in July 等。Today is New Years Day.It is Sunday.March 8 is Womens Day.5、在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前，尤其作表語、賓補時。如：Whats the matter, Granny?We elected him monitor.6、在某些習(xí)慣用語中的名詞前。如：at noon,

9、at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school,go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil 等。7、在三餐飯和球類運動前。如：She goes to school after breakfast every morning.We are going to play football.We usually have lunch at

10、school.8、科目前不加。如：We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.【專項訓(xùn)練】：1、We cant live without air.A . an B . x C. the D . some2、Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning. Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A a; the B the; the C the; a D a; a3、 Ive been waiting for him for hou

11、r and half.A . x ; x B . the; a C . a; the D . an; a4、 What fine weather we have today!A . a B . x C. some D. an5、 Have you ever seen as tall as this one?A a tree B such tree C an tree D tree6、 Children usually go to school at age of six.A . x ; the B . a; an C. the; x D . the; the7、 Himalayas is hi

12、ghest mountain in world.A . x ; the; x B . The; the; the C . A; a;a D. x ; x ; x8、 They each have _book. Li Huas is aboutwriter. Wang Lins is onscience.A . a; a; x B . the; x ; the C . x ; the;x D . a; the; a9、 Physics is science of matter and energy.A. The; x B. x ; x C. x ; the D. A; a west.east a

13、nd sets in sun rises in 、 10A . A; an; a B . The; x ; x C. The; the; the D . A; the; a11、 Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. A . a; x B . the; an C . the; the D . x ; the12、 _Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in

14、 badtemper. A . x ;a B . A; x C. The; the D . A; a13、 They were at dinner then. It was delicous one.A . a; the B. X;X C. x;a D . a; a14、 what kind of car do you want to buy?A. x B . the C. a D. an15、 Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.A. x ; the B. x;x C.

15、the; xD. the; the16、 Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.A . the; xB . x ; the C. x ; x D . the; the17、 Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.A . x B . a C. the D. one18、 Wheres Jack? I think hes still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom.A. x ;x B. the; the C. the; x D.

16、 X; the19、 Many people are still in habit of writing silly things inpublic places.A . the; the B . x ; x C. the; x D . x ; the20、 Id like information about the management of your hotel, please.Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.A some; a B an; some C some; some D an; a二、名

17、詞Nouns知識要點：一、名詞的種類：1、專有名詞：1) China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack (不加冠詞)2) the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Peoples Republic of China, the United States 等。 (由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，要加定冠詞。)2、普通名詞：物質(zhì)名詞： water, rice, oil, paper抽象名詞：health, trouble, work, pleasurehonor1)不可數(shù)名詞 注意：？不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞，尤不加不定冠詞：若加 a

18、(an)則使之具體化了。如： have awonderful time.？不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。？不可數(shù)名詞一般無復(fù)數(shù)形式。部分物質(zhì)名詞在表不同類別時，可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows| |各種各樣的魚各種報紙河湖、海水積雪？有些抽象名詞也常用復(fù)數(shù)，變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如： times 時代， works 著作， difficulties困難?在表數(shù)量時，常用“ of”詞組來表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper .2)可數(shù)名詞：？ 可數(shù)名詞除用

19、復(fù)數(shù)形式表一類之外，一般都要加冠詞：A birdcaufly.The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.？ 有復(fù)數(shù)形式：a規(guī)則變化一一加“ s”或“ es”(與初中同，略)b不規(guī)則變化child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), phenomenon(pheno

20、mena)注意：c)單、復(fù)數(shù)同形： sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish (同一種魚)。如，a sheep, two sheepd) 只用復(fù)數(shù)形式：thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,e) 形復(fù)實單：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics (塑料), means.f)形單實復(fù)：people (人民，人們)，the police, cattle 等g)集合名詞如：family, public, group, class等。當(dāng)作為整體時，為單數(shù)；當(dāng)作為整體中的各個

21、成員時，為復(fù)數(shù)。如：My family is a big one.My family are music lovers.h)復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，a)只把復(fù)合名詞中的主體各詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：sister(s)-in-law 嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)繼子；editor (s) -in-chief 總編輯。b)如沒有主體名詞則在最后一個詞的后面加s。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中間人c) woman, man 作定語時，要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如： a man servant men servants, awoman doctor women docto

22、rs二、名詞的所有格：1、 表有生命的東西(人或動物)的名詞所有格，一般在名詞后加“ s”。 如： Mikes bag, ChildrensDay, my brothersroom, womens rights 注意：1） 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞尾是-s 或 -es， 它的所有格只在詞后加“ s”。 如： Teachers Day, the workersrest-home （工人療養(yǎng)院），the students reading -room2）復(fù)合名詞的所有格，在后面的詞后加s。如：her son-in-laws photo （她女婿的照片）；anybody elsesbook （其他任何人的書）3）

23、如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人或兩人以上共有，則在最后的一個名詞后面加“s”；如果不是共有， 則每個詞后都要加“ s”。 如： Jane and Helens room. 珍妮和海倫的房間（共有）. Bills andToms radios.比爾的收音機和湯姆的收音機（不共有）4）表地點（店鋪，某人的家等）的名詞所有格后面，一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如：the tailors （ 裁縫鋪 ） the doctors （ 診所 ） Mr Browns （ 布朗先生的家）5）有些表時間、距離、國家、城鎮(zhèn)的無生命的名詞，也可加“s表所有格。如： half an hours walk （ 半小時的路程）Chinas

24、 agriculture （ 中國的農(nóng)業(yè)）2、表示無生命的東西的名詞一般與of 構(gòu)成詞組，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book3、表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of,特別是名詞較長，有較多的定語時。如：the story of Dr Norman BethuneDo you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?4、 “ of 詞組+所有格”的用法：在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that,these, those等）時，常用of詞組+所有

25、格”的形式來表示所有關(guān)系。如：a friend of my fathers 我父親的一位朋友。some inventions of Edisons 愛迪生的一些發(fā)明those exercise-books of the students 學(xué)生們的那些練習(xí)本?！緦ｍ椨?xùn)練】：1、 There are only twelve in the hospital.A woman doctorsB women doctorswoman doctor D women doctor C2、 Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school.A br

26、others-in-lawB brother-in-lawsC brothers-in-laws D brothers-in law3、How many does a cow have? Four.A stomaches B stomach C stomachsD stomachies4、 Some visited our school last Wednesday.A German B Germen C Germans D Germens5、 The of the building are covered with lots of .A roofs; leaves B rooves; lea

27、fs C roof; leaf D roofs; leafs6、 When the farmer returned home he found three missing.A sheeps B sheepes C sheep D sheepies7、 That was a fifty engine.A horse powerB horses powerC horse powers D horses powers8、 My father often gives me .A many advice B much advice C a lot of advices D a few advice9、

28、Mary broke a while she was washing up.A tea cup B a cup of tea C teas cup D cup tea10、 Can you give us some about the writer?A informationsB informationC piece of informationsD pieces information11、 I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning.A teas; breadB teas; breadsC tea; breadsD tea; bread12、

29、 As is known to us all, travels much faster than .A lights; sounds B light; soundC sound; light D sounds; lights13、 She told him of all her and .A hope; fearB hopes; fearC hopes; fearsD hope; fears14、 The rising did a lot of to the crops.A water; harmB water; harmsC waters; harm D waters; harms15、 H

30、ow far away is it from here to your school? Its about .A half an hours drive B half hours drivesC half an hour drives D half an hour drive16、 The shirt isnt mine. Its .A Mrs SmithB Mrs SmithC Mrs Smiths D Mrs Smiths17、 Miss Johnson is a friend of .AMarys motherBMarysmothersCMary mothersDMarysmothers

31、18、 Last week I called at my .Aaunt B auntsCauntsD auntes19、 The beach is athrow.stones D stones C stones Bstone A20、 I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A Peter B Peter C Peters D Peters三、主謂一致Agreement知識要點：在英語的句子中，謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語形式就能判

32、定，但有的則要看整句的意思，及強調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、不定式、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：1) The book is on the table.2) He is reading English.3) To work hard is necessary. ( It is necessary to work hard. )4) How you get there is a problem.2、復(fù)數(shù)主語跟復(fù)數(shù)動詞。如：Children like to play toys.3、在倒裝句中，動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語的數(shù)一致。

33、如以 here,there開頭，be動詞與后面第 一個名詞一致。如：1) There is a dog near the door.2) There were no schools in this area before liberation.3) Here comes the bus.4) On the wall were two famous paintings.5) Here is Mr Brown and his children.4、 and 連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如果主語后跟有with, together with,except, but,perhaps

34、, like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than 等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍與短語前的主語的形式保持一致。如：1) Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2) He and my father work in the same factory.3) His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4) The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5) He,

35、 like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6) Every picture except these two has been sold.7) Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8) Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9) Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.5、并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)

36、，and 后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：1) The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.這位工人作家明天要來我們學(xué)校。2) Bread and butter is their daily food.面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。3) The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天將來我們學(xué)校。(兩個人)6、 and 連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前如有each, every, no, many a 修飾時， 謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：1) Every

37、boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀請參加這次聚會。2) No teacher and no student is absent today.今天沒有老師和學(xué)生缺席。3) Many a student is busy with their lessons.許許多多的學(xué)生都忙著復(fù)習(xí)他們的功課。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：each, either, one, another, the other, neither 、71) Each takes a cup of tea.2) Either is correct.3) Neit

38、her of them likes this picture.8、由 every, some, any, no 構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：1) Is everyone here?2) Nothing is to be done. 沒有什么要干的事兒了。9、關(guān)系代詞who, that, which 等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：1) Those who want to go please sign their names here.2) Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3)

39、 He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10、表示時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語作為一個整體看待時，其謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：1) Three years is not a long time.2) Ten dollars is what he needs.3) Five hundred miles is a long distance.11、復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體看待(如人名、地點、國家、組織、書籍、報刊等)，動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：1) The United States is in North A

40、merica.2) The United Nations has passed a resolution( 決議)。3) “ The Arabian Nights ”( 天方夜譚) is an interesting book.12、有些集體名詞如 family, team, group, class, audience (聽眾，觀眾)，government 等作主語時， 如看作是一個整體，謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式；如強調(diào)各個成員時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：1) My family is going to have a long journey.我家要進行一次長途旅行。2) My family

41、are fond of music.我家人都喜歡音樂。3) The class has won the honour.這班獲得了榮譽。4) The class were jumping for joy.全班同學(xué)都高興得跳了起來。13、 all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest 等作主語時，既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，也可表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞要根據(jù)實際情況而定。如：1) All of the apple is rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了。2) All of the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。3) Most of t

42、he wood was used to make furniture ( 家具 )。14、 the + 形容詞(或分詞)作主語時，常指一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如指的是抽象概念，謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式。如：1) The young are usually very active. 年輕人通常是很活躍的。2) The wounded are being taken good care of here now.現(xiàn)在傷病員們在這里受到了很好照顧。15、 or, either or ，neither nor ，whether or, not only but (also)連接的是主語， 謂語動詞與后一

43、個主語一致。如：1) Either you or I am going to the movies.2) Not only you but also he is wrong.16、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：1) Water is a kind of matter.2) The news at six oclock is true.17、集合名詞如：people, police ,cattle 等作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：1) The police are searching for him.。 )吃草The cattle are grassing ( )2

44、18、 population 當(dāng)人口講時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)人們講時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：1) The population of China is larger than that of Japan.2) One third of the population here are workers.a (large19、the number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，是表示的數(shù)字，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;/ great) numberof + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示許多，作主語時；謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1) The number of the students in our school is incr

45、easing year after year.2) A number of students have gone for an outing.20、 means, politics, physics, plastics 等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。【專項訓(xùn)練】1、 Nothing but cars in the shop.A is sold B are sold C were sold D are going to sell2、 No one except Jack and Tom the answer.A know B knows C is knowing D are known3、 S

46、eventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.A is B areC comes D are coming4、 of the money used up.A Three-five, are B Three-fifths, have beenC Three-fifths, has beenD Third -fifths, is5、 The number of the people who cars increasing.A owns, are B owns, is C own, is D own, are6、

47、One of Marxs works written in English in the 1860s.A was B were C would be D are7、 The sheets for your bed washing.A needs B are needing C want D are wanting8、 On each side of the street a lot of trees.A stands B grow C is standing D are grown9、 Some person calling for you at the gate.A are B is C i

48、s beingD will be10、 All that can be eaten eaten up.A are being B has been C had been D have been11、 Toms teacher and friend Mr. Smith.A are B isC are being D has12、 Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.A doesnt fit B dont fitC doesnt fit for D dont fit for13、 Neither he nor I for the plan.A am B ar

49、eC is D were14、 Many a studentthat mistake before.A has made B have made C has been made D had made 15、 Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog.A is B are Cwere D seems16、 Laying eggs the ant queens full -time job.A is B are Chas D have17、 Between the two buildings a monument.A standB stand

50、sC standing D is standing18、 I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.A amB is C are D was19、 The United Nations in 1945.was found Dwas founded Cwere founded Bwere found A20、 were also invited to the party.A Mr Smith B The Smith C The Smiths D Smiths21、 、 The glass works in 1959.A we

51、re set up B was set up C were put up D were built22、 Three hours with your girl friend to be a short time.A seem B seems C is seeming D has seemed23、 It was reported that six including a boy.A was killed B were killed C was killing D had killed24、 The police a prisoner.A is searching for B are searc

52、hing forC is searching D are searched for25、 Deer faster than dogs.A run B runs C are running D will run26、 The wounded good care of here now.A is taken B are being taken C are taking D is taking27、 The whole class greatly moved at his words.A was B were C had D is28、 Over 80 percent of the population of Chinapeasants.A was B is C are D will