(完整版)機(jī)電專業(yè)英語

1、一單詞翻譯 (英譯漢，漢譯英共 20分）compound pulley 組合滑輪screw 螺絲worm gear渦輪clearance fit間隙配合transition fit過渡配合interference fit過盈配合ground teeth精密齒gear reductions齒輪減速比aluminum鋁brass黃銅bronze青銅cast iron鑄鐵carbon碳鋼alloy steel合金鋼hardened steel硬化鋼stainless steel不銹鋼plastic materials塑料材料gear teeth齒輪straight-toothed 直齒輪rack a

2、nd pinion齒條和齒輪straight bevel gears直齒錐齒輪spiral bevel gears 弧齒錐齒輪friction摩擦lubrication潤滑lubricant潤滑劑full fluidfilmlubrication 全液態(tài)薄膜潤滑boundary lubrication邊界潤滑elastrohydrodynamiclubrication 流 體彈性動力潤滑proton質(zhì)子neutron中子parallel circuit并聯(lián)電路series circuit串聯(lián)電路electron電子inductor電感capacitor電容conductor導(dǎo)體semicond

3、uctor半導(dǎo)體metal-oxide-semiconductor 金 屬 氧 化物半導(dǎo)體integrated circuit 集成電路 integrated circuit chip 集成電路芯片dopant摻雜劑mask掩膜doping摻雜photoresist感光膠etch蝕刻法dielectric非傳導(dǎo)性（電介質(zhì)）rung梯級branch分支instructions指令power rails母線quantity數(shù)量parameter參數(shù)ladder diagram梯形邏輯圖ON-delay timer通電延時定時器OFF-delay timer斷電延時定時器retentive time

4、r保持定時器proximity timer接近開關(guān)electromechanical control機(jī)電控制mobile robots可移動機(jī)器人manipulator robots操作機(jī)器人self reconfigurable robots 自變形（重裝）機(jī)器人Analog-to-Digital ConverterA/D模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器Digital-to-Analog ConverterD/A模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器ASIC(ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit) 專用采集電路Laplace transform拉普拉斯變換Z-transformZ 變換valve閥pump

5、泵motor發(fā)動機(jī)cavitation氣穴hydraulic液壓的equilibrium position平衡位置vibration(oscillation)振動transducer飽和電抗器 ,傳感器，變頻器reservoir油箱pump with electric motor 電力馬達(dá)泵 unloader and safety relief valve 減荷器和安全卸壓閥return line filter回油閥check valve 止回閥derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)accumulator蓄電池displacement位移valve manifold閥箱velocity速度electroni

6、c control card 電子控制插件acceleration加速度cylinder 汽缸peak amplitude振幅峰值hydraulic motor液壓發(fā)動機(jī)digital signal processing 數(shù)字信號處理二、漢譯英（20 分）1.滑輪相比機(jī)器的缺點是使用剛性物體來傳遞力，滑動和伸展拉緊。The disadvantages of pulleys, in contrast to machines that use rigid objects to transfer force,areslipping and stretching.2.齒輪是通過相繼嚙合齒方式傳遞運動機(jī)

7、械元件。Gears are machine elements that transmit motion by means of successively engaging teeth.3. 簡單的并聯(lián)電路，所有部件連接電相同的兩組之間的共同點, 創(chuàng)建電子從電池的一端流到其他多個路徑。With simple parallel circuits, all components are connected between the same two sets of electrically common points ， creating multiple paths for electrons to

8、 flow from one end of the battery to the other.4.在其最簡單的形式中，振動可以被認(rèn)為是振蕩或物體圍繞平衡位置的重復(fù)運動。In its simplest form, vibration can be considered to be the oscillation or repetitive motion of an object around an equilibrium position.三、英譯漢（50 分， 5 道）1.Complex machines are made up of moving parts such as inclined

9、 planes,levers,gears,cams,cranks, Springs,belts,and wheels.復(fù)雜的機(jī)器是由運動部件組成，如傾斜面，杠桿，齒輪，凸輪，曲柄，彈簧，皮帶和輪子。2.An inclined plane decreases the force required to raise an object a given height by increasing the distance over which a force must be applied.傾斜面通過增加在其上的力必須施加的距離，來減少提高物體的給定高度時所需的力。3.Both the incline

10、d plane and levers could lower the force required for a task at the price of having to apply that force over a longer distance.傾斜面和杠杠都可以應(yīng)用更長距離上的力來降低完成一個任務(wù)所需的力。4.Pulleys can be used to simply change the direction of an applied force or to provide a force/distance tradeoff in addition to a directional

11、 change.滑輪可被用于簡單地改變作用力的方向，或除了改變方向外還提供一個力和距離的權(quán)衡。5.There are a number of different standard gear types. Examples include spur gears, change gears, cluster gears, helical gears, herringbone gears, straight bevel or spiral bevel gears, worm gears, and so on and so forth.有許多不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)齒輪的類型。實例包括正齒輪，變速齒輪， 簇齒輪組，

12、 斜齒輪， 人字齒輪，直齒錐或螺旋錐齒輪，蝸輪，依此類推等等。6.A cam mechanism usually consists of two moving elements, the cam and the follower.一凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)，通常包括兩個運動元件，該凸輪和從動件。7.We can classify cam mechanisms by the modes of input/output motion, the configuration and arrangement of the follower, and the shape of the cam.我們可以通過輸入/輸出運動，

13、配置和從動的布置，和凸輪的形狀的模式分類凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)。8.In a cam mechanism, when the cam turns through one motion cycle, the follower executes a series of events consisting of rises, dwells and returns.在一個凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)中， 當(dāng)凸輪轉(zhuǎn)過一個運動周期時， 從動件執(zhí)行一系列由上升、 停留和返回的動作。9.Electrons and protons are said to have opposite electric charges.電子和質(zhì)子具有相反的電荷。1

14、0.Voltage can be generated by means other than rubbing certain types of materials against each other. Chemical reactions, radiant energy, and the influence of magnetism on conductors are a few ways in which voltage may be produced.電壓除了能通過一些類型不同的材料相互摩擦產(chǎn)生之外，影響也是產(chǎn)生電壓的方法?；瘜W(xué)反應(yīng)， 輻射能， 磁場對導(dǎo)體的11.Kirchhoffs C

15、urrent Law states that the sum of the currents entering a node must be zero.基爾霍夫電流定律陳述了流過一個節(jié)點的電流總和必須為零。12.Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the sum of the potential drops around a loop in a circuit must be zero.基爾霍夫電壓定律陳述了在電路中的回路的點位下降總和必須為零。13.If a sinusoidally varying voltage source, one that

16、 oscillates positively and negatively in time with the shape of a sine wave, is connected across the capacitor, it can be shownthat the voltage across the capacitor "lags" the current by in phase, meaning that the voltage peaks occur 1/4 of an oscillation period later in time relative to t

17、he current peaks.如果一個以正弦波形式隨時間正負(fù)變化的電壓源加在電容上， 將會使電容電壓在相位上滯后于電流，即該電壓的峰值會比電流的峰值晚出現(xiàn)四分之一個周期的時間。14.The first integrated circuits were created in the late 1950s in response to a demand from the military for miniaturized electronics to be used in missile control systems.第一個集成電路是在 50 年代末創(chuàng)建的， 以響應(yīng)微型電子在軍事導(dǎo)彈控制系統(tǒng)

18、中使用的需求。 15.One method of adding dopants to create a layer of P or N regions is atomic diffusion. The second method to add dopants is ion implantation.添加摻雜劑來創(chuàng)建層 P 或 N 區(qū)的一個方法是原子的擴(kuò)散。添加摻雜劑的第二個方法是離子注入。16.The process of masking and etching or doping is repeated for each successive layerdepending on the do

19、ping process used until all of the integrated circuit chips are complete.根據(jù)晶片摻雜工藝的不同，對每一連續(xù)的層重復(fù)進(jìn)行掩膜和蝕刻或摻雜，直到整個集成電路芯片被完成。17.Aprogrammablelogiccontrollerconsistsofthefollowingcomponents:centralprocessing unit (CPU), memory, input modules, output modules and power supply.可編程序邏輯控制器由以下部分組成：中央處理單元（CPU ），存儲

20、器，輸入模塊，輸出模塊和電源。18.When a PLC is executing a ladder logic program, it examines the input modules first. It stores the status (HIGH or LOW) of the input devices, which are connected to the inputmodules, to memory bits assigned to the inputs. Then, the PLC scans the ladder logic program rung-by-rung fr

21、om the top of the program to the bottom.當(dāng) PLC 正在執(zhí)行一個梯形邏輯程序時，它首先檢查輸入模塊。它存儲連接了輸入模塊的輸入設(shè)備的狀態(tài)（高或低） ，并分配到輸入存儲位中。然后， PLC 從程序的頂部至底部逐級掃描梯形邏輯程序。19.AnON-delay timer is enabled whenits rungis true. AnOFF-delay timer is enabledwhen its rung is false.通電延遲定時器響應(yīng)時，其梯級為真。一個斷電延時定時器響應(yīng)時，其梯級為假。20.Arobotisanetectro-mechan

22、ical/bio-mechanicaldevice(s)thatcanperformautonomous or preprogrammedtasks.機(jī)器人是一種能夠執(zhí)行自主的或預(yù)編程任務(wù)的機(jī)電或生物機(jī)械裝置。21.A robot may act under the direct control of a human or autonomously under the control of a programmed computer.機(jī)器人能在人的直接控制下或者在可編程計算機(jī)的自動控制下工作。22.The word "robot"is used in a general s

23、ense to mean any machine which mimics the actions of a human (biomimicry), in the physical sense or in the mental sense.“機(jī)器人 ”這個詞被用在一般意義上是指任何在身體或精神上模仿人類的行為(仿生 )的機(jī)器23.The word robot is also used to refer to a wide range of machines, the common feature of which is that they are all capable of movement

24、 and can be used to perform physical task.機(jī)器人這個詞也指大范圍的機(jī)器, 其共同的特點是,他們都能運動,可以用來執(zhí)行物理任務(wù)。24.Since a digital computer has finite precision, extra care is needed to ensure the errorsin coefficients, A/D conversion, D/A conversion, etc. are not producing undesired or unplanned effects.因為數(shù)字計算機(jī)精度有限,需額外注意協(xié)同因素,

25、A/ D 轉(zhuǎn)換、 D / A轉(zhuǎn)換等不會產(chǎn)生不想要的或意外的效果。25.Waterhydraulicsystemsemployallthebasictypesofcomponentsseeninconventional systems -pumps, motors, cylinders, valves, filters and reservoirs.水液壓系統(tǒng)使用的所有基本類型的組件：泵、電機(jī)、氣缸、閥門、過濾器和蓄水池在常規(guī)的系統(tǒng)中也能看得到。26.Because of the greater pressure wave propagation found in water, special

26、care must be given when designing water hydraulic systems in order to prevent water hammer.由于在水中存在巨大的壓力波 ,所以在設(shè)計水液壓系統(tǒng)時必須特別小心 ,以防止水錘。 27.The most serious effect vapor pressure has in hydraulic systems is cavitation, which is the formation and collapse of bubbles in the hydraulic medium.對液壓系統(tǒng)蒸汽壓有最嚴(yán)重影響的

27、是汽化 ,這是在液壓介質(zhì)中泡沫形成和崩潰的原因。 28.If there were no friction in the system, the oscillation would continue at the same rate and same amplitude forever.如果沒有摩擦的系統(tǒng)，振蕩將永遠(yuǎn)以相同的速率和相同的幅度保持著。29.In many cases, the signal of interest is initially in the form of an analog electrical voltage or current, produced for example by a microphone or some other type of transducer.在很多情況下 ,感知信號的最初形式是模擬電壓或電流 ,例如可通過麥克風(fēng)或其他類型的傳感器產(chǎn)生。30.Signals commonly need t