最新高考英語(yǔ)概要寫(xiě)作之說(shuō)明文

1、精品文檔精品文檔高考英語(yǔ)概要寫(xiě)作之說(shuō)明文、寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明文的概要寫(xiě)作一般有三種參考模板：(1)描寫(xiě)某事物的性質(zhì)功能。即對(duì)象+性質(zhì)功能+利弊” ：(in the passage ) the writer introducestous,especially its .,from which we know (2)針對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出解決方法或措施。即問(wèn)題+解決方法”：The passage tells us.So the author tells us how to .,including (3)介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因、結(jié)果。即現(xiàn)象+原因+結(jié)果” ：The author talks about.It is

2、caused by.As aresult(consequently), .在概要寫(xiě)作前，我們要通讀短文，確定其內(nèi)容是屬于那種類(lèi)型，然后選擇確當(dāng)?shù)哪０濉Ｗ⒁猓翰灰P(guān)注 一些次要的細(xì)節(jié)卻遺漏重要的要點(diǎn)， 盡量少使用原文語(yǔ)句， 多用自己的概括性的語(yǔ)言； 3 到 5 個(gè)句子即可。、寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練1. In schools and at home,most of US have been scolded( 責(zé)備) or even got punished for daydreaming. The majority ofpeople say that by daydreaming we waste our ti

3、me and energy on something unproductive. But many medical studies haveshown something different. They vestressed the fact that daydreaming works wonders on our imagination,creativity andsituation-handling techniques. In fact,many problems can be easily solved if we daydream.The topmost benefit of da

4、ydreaming is that your mood gets the right improvement. By separating yourself from the worldaround you,you tend to enjoy the loneliness in your mind and get peace from daydreaming as you think about something thatcalms your senses. When you start imagining things,you will forget all the stress and

5、tension( 緊張 ) .Instead,you will gethappiness from it and this happiness will turn into a source of energy that helps you work in a good mood.Many psycologists have said that people who daydream tend to have a sharper memory. Itstrue. Whenyoure daydreaming,youlltend to get carried away to imagine var

6、ious situations,either real or unreal. You tend to actdifferently in different situations,trying to satisfy your mind by doing what you want in your dreams. When your mind getssatisfied,you re in a better position to concentrate more on your work. Since daydreaming activates (激活) the nerves ofyour b

7、rain,you tend to have higher attentiveness and your ability to remember things will develop.When you daydream,you automatically imagine yourself as your heart says and therefore,you get to know yourselfbetter. You also start realizing the mistakes youvme ade in life and trying your best to avoid rep

8、eating them. Suchimagination techniques help you to connect yourself with your soul.2. The poaching , or illegal(非法)killing , of rhinos(犀牛)in South Africa is growing worse each year . Thegovernment recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2014， a year which had morerhino kill

9、ings in South Africa than ever before 精品文檔精品文檔The World Wildlife Fund ，or WWF ， says about 20， 000 rhinos live in South Africa That is more than 80 percentof the rhinos in the world Edna Molewa ，South Africa s environmental issues minister ，says，“ During 2014，we aresad to say this ： 1， 215 rhinos we

10、re killed This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1004 in 2013 and in deed veryworryi ng .” The an imals are hun ted for their horns（犀牛角）. Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power ，which drives poachers ， at all costs， mad for more horns But there is no scientific evidence f

11、or this belief . The horn is madeof keratin . That is the same thing as human hair ， fingernails and toenails .Ms. Mo1ewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year ，an increase from the year before . But rhinoprotection workers say poachers often go unpunished after arrest. South Africas l

12、egal system is ineffective . Ms. Molewasaid more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect rhinos . The efforts include moving someof the animals to secret places in neighboring countries .“ Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighboringstates in the SADC re

13、gion during 2014 and 200 more rhinos will be moved this year ” Molewa said.Jo Shaw，the rhino program manager at the WWF ，said，“were talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos a month .Or more than three a day . We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally .”

14、She saysofficials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poaching and punish them .3. Parents should think twice before rewarding their childrens good behaviour with sweets, according to a leadingnutritionist.Professor Susan Jebb, of Oxford University, says family attitudes should chang

15、e as part of a wider strategy on tacklingobesity （肥胖） - and there should be an alternative to the easy option of handing out sweets to youngsters.Speaking to the Sunday Express, Prof Jebb said: Unless you instill（ 灌輸 ） good eating habits from a young age, it islikely children will grow up to become

16、overweight adults.But it is very difficult to persuade parents who see their children, whoare a healthy weight, of the risks ahead.Unlike with smoking, where the benefits of giving up are obvious with evidenceshowing that every single cigarette shortens your life, the same cannot be said for every s

17、ingle biscuit you eat.She also welcomed last weeks comments by David Cameron that Britains obesity crisis should be treated as seriouslyas smoking and that a tax on sugary drinks could be back on the agenda（議程） . The Prime Minister hinted at an extraordinaryU-turn amid growing public support for a 2

18、0 per cent levy.He said: I dont really want to put new taxes on anything but we dohave to recognise that we face something of an obesity crisis.Mr Cameron said the costs of diabetes, heart disease and cancer treatment for the overweight costs the NHS hugesums.He added: We do need to have a fully-wor

19、ked-up programme to deal with this problem and address these issues in精品文檔精品文檔Britain and we will be making announcements later in the year.Experts have also warned that obesity - fuelled by large amounts of sugar - is escalating at such a rate that it will causealmost 700,000 additional cases of ca

20、ncer within the next 20 years, experts have warned.They say that being overweight isalready the new norm and predict that four in ten adults will be obese by 2035.Estimates also show that by this time obesity-related illnesses, including diabetes and heart disease, will cost the NHSmore than 7.5 bil

21、lion a year.4.The expression,“ everybody s doing it, ” is very much at the center of theecqrnrcepUof（同伴壓力 ）.It is a strong influence of a group, especiallyof children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it insome way duri

22、ng their lives.People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comesfrom the approval of others. This instinct （天性） iswhy the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many peopleslives. It is the sameinstinct tha

23、t drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer“ fineasks “how are you? ” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, andencourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day inte

24、raction.For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire,they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangsthat encourage criminal beha

25、vior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where theywork, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can t afford in an effort to“Hkoewepevuepr,wpietherthpereJsosnuerseeis.not always negative. A

26、 student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades.Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can精品文檔5.精品文檔also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad

27、 one. Study groups and class projects areexamples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves. Schools try to teach kids about the dangers ofnegative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things thatthey beli

28、eve are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.Keys:1.2.Many people regard daydreaming as a waste of time and energy. However,that is not the case.Many medicalStudies have found that daydreaming has a lot of benefits. First

29、 of all, daydreaming can improve your mood.What s more, it helps develop your memory. Last but not least,daydreaming helps you to know yourself better.3.3.The poaching of rhinos is getting worse in South Africa each year, according to the government and WWF.Many rhinos are killed for their horns ehich is believed to have curing power. Althouh more poachers arearrested, they hardly get punished.So the members of WWF are calling on more meassures which should taken by thegovernment and the whol