復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)和雙賓語(yǔ)

1、你這句話是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)不是雙賓語(yǔ),判斷其是雙賓語(yǔ)還是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)要看間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)有沒有邏輯關(guān)系,比如你這句話的直接賓語(yǔ)是Jim,間接賓語(yǔ)是to give the class a talk,誰(shuí)來give a talk,很明顯是Jim,那么直接賓語(yǔ)Jim和間接賓語(yǔ)to .直接就存在邏輯關(guān)系,所以這句話就是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。點(diǎn)擊一:什么是雙賓語(yǔ)?什么是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)?1、英語(yǔ)中,有些及物動(dòng)詞可以接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),即指人的間接賓語(yǔ)和指物的直接賓語(yǔ),這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)稱為"雙賓語(yǔ)"。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:"主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)"。如:My parents bought me a compu

2、ter.我父母給我買了一臺(tái)電腦。2、英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞接了賓語(yǔ)之后還需接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)來補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的有關(guān)情況,否則句子意思就不完整。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合稱為"復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)"。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:"主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)"。能作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等。如:He made us laugh.他使我們哈哈大笑。點(diǎn)擊二:雙賓語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn)1、間接賓語(yǔ)可以改為由介詞to或for引起的短語(yǔ),放在直接賓語(yǔ)后面。如: He gave her some chips. = He gave some chips to her.2、以下幾種情

3、況通常要用介詞to或for引起的短語(yǔ):1當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞(it/them時(shí)。如:This book is Mr Wang's. Please give it to him.2當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:Mother cooks meals for us every day.3當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)比直接賓語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)一些時(shí)。如:On the bus, she often gives her seat to the old person.3、由to引出間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:give, show, pass, lend, take, tell等;由for引出間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:buy, make, cook, get

4、, sing, read等。點(diǎn)擊三:復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn)1、常接形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:keep, make, find等。如:We must keep our classroom clean.2、常接名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:call, name, make, think等。如:We call them mooncakes.3、常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:see, watch, hear, find, keep 等。如:In the country, we can hear birds singing.4、常接介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:keep, find, leave等。

5、如:I left my pen on my desk at home.5、常接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:ask, tell, want, teach, wish等;接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:see, watch, hear, make, let等。如:I often see him play football.She often asks me to help her.注:help后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶to也可以不帶to。如:I often help my mother(to do some housework.點(diǎn)擊四:怎樣區(qū)分"雙賓語(yǔ)&q

6、uot;和"復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)"?看賓語(yǔ)與其后面的成分之間的關(guān)系:如果賓語(yǔ)與其后成分之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系(或主表關(guān)系,那么該動(dòng)詞所接的是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),否則就是雙賓語(yǔ)。如: Who kept you waiting so long? (賓語(yǔ)you與waiting之間存在著主謂關(guān)系,因此you waiting是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞在形式上,和現(xiàn)在分詞相同,然而現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn);而動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的特點(diǎn)。因此在句子中可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如:Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一種樂趣。(主語(yǔ)Seeing is belie

7、ving.眼見為實(shí)。(主語(yǔ)Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一個(gè)目標(biāo)是結(jié)束國(guó)家的混亂狀態(tài)。(表語(yǔ)What he got in his mind was walking all the way to town.他心中的想的辦法是一路步行進(jìn)城。(表語(yǔ)My job is teaching.我的工作是教學(xué)。(表語(yǔ)To keep money that you have found is stealing.私藏拾到的錢等于偷竊。(表語(yǔ)Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋該修理了。(賓語(yǔ)I have finished w

8、riting this book.我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。(賓語(yǔ)She left without saying good-bye to us.她沒有向我們告別就走了。(介詞賓語(yǔ)My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜歡滑冰。(介詞賓語(yǔ)Thank you for giving me some help. 謝謝你給我些幫助。(介詞賓語(yǔ)§10由于動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,因此動(dòng)名詞也具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征。動(dòng)名詞可以帶直接賓語(yǔ);可以被副詞修飾。例如:My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的愛好是集郵。(stamps是動(dòng)名詞collecting的

9、賓語(yǔ)Meeting you has been a great pleasure.見到你是件很快樂的事。(you是動(dòng)名詞meeting 的賓語(yǔ)I like driving fast. 我喜歡開快車。(副詞fast修飾動(dòng)名詞driving動(dòng)名詞還有幾種形式:主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式being done完成式Having doneHaving been done§ 11動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ)的句法功能:1.動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的特征,做主語(yǔ)。例如:Talking mends no holes. 空談無濟(jì)于事。Sweeping the floor is my wife's everyday work.

10、掃地是我妻子的日常工作。Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操對(duì)你的健康有好處?！咀⒁狻孔⒁庖韵戮湫?“it”是形式主語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞是正真的主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:It is no good smoking and drinking. I suggest that you should give them up.吸煙喝酒沒有好處。我建議你應(yīng)該戒掉。It is a waste of time watching TV all day.整天看電視是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。It is no use operating on this w

11、oman. She ought to have been sent here two hours ago. 給這個(gè)婦女做手術(shù)已經(jīng)沒有用了,她本來應(yīng)該在兩個(gè)小時(shí)之前送來。Living together with you has been a great pleasure.和你住在一起真高興。My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。The only thing that interests her is dancing.唯一使她感興趣的事情是跳舞。The real problem is getting to know the needs of the custome

12、rs.真正的問題是了解消費(fèi)者的需要。To keep money you have found is stealing.撿到錢不交等于偷竊?！咀⒁狻恳话銇碚f,動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容;而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的特征和屬性。例如:The work assigned to us is bringing the chairs downstairs.分配給我們的工作是把椅子帶下樓來。(表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容Her job is raising pigs. 她的工作是養(yǎng)豬。(表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容The film was exciting. 這部電影激動(dòng)人心。(表示主語(yǔ)的特征It is annoying that th

13、e meeting should be put off. 會(huì)議延期了使人掃興。(表示主語(yǔ)的特征3.作賓語(yǔ)Andrew hated giving anaesthetics. 安德羅極不喜歡麻醉工作。I wouldn't mind going there with her.與她一起去那兒,我沒有意見。I assure you I wouldn't have troubled you if I could have avoided doing so. 我可以向你保證,如果當(dāng)時(shí)我能避免的話,我是決不會(huì)麻煩你的。I enjoy listening to music.我喜歡聽音樂。She

14、couldn't risk missing that train. 我不能冒險(xiǎn)誤過那次火車。I have finished writing this novel. 我已經(jīng)寫完了這本小說?！咀⒁狻?.只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),而不能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, dislike, enjoy, excuse, face, fancy, finish, grudge, ca

15、n't help, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, require, stand, suggest, understand, give up, leave off, put off等等。2.在下列動(dòng)詞之后即可以用不定式,也可以用動(dòng)名詞。這樣的動(dòng)詞有:like, love, hate, prefer, begin, commence, start, continue, attempt, intend, pro

16、pose, can't bear, cease, choose, decline, deserve, disdain, dread, endure, forget, learn, mean, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, regret, try等等。例如:Do you like swimming( to swim? 你喜歡游泳嗎?We began listening (to listento music.我們開始聽音She propose making(to makea change in our studying plan. 她建議把我們的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)

17、劃做一些改動(dòng)。3.下列動(dòng)詞后既可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞,但所表示的意思不同。例如:1remember to do something 記住要做某事remember doing something 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事例如:I remember posting the letter.我記得我把封信發(fā)出了。Please remember to post the letter for me.請(qǐng)記住替我發(fā)信。I remember seeing this film.我記得曾經(jīng)看過這部電影。I should remember to see the film.我應(yīng)該記住去看這部電影。2forget to do

18、something 忘記要做某事forget doing 忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事例如:I shall never forget seeing the Swiss Alps for the first time.我將永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我第一次游覽瑞士阿爾卑斯山的情景。I am afraid he will forget to write to me. 恐怕他會(huì)忘記寫信給我。3 stop to do something 停下某事去做stop doing something 停止做某事例如:I really must stop smoking. 我的確該戒煙。I have been working all the

19、 morning. I have to stop to smoke a cigarette. 我已經(jīng)工作了一上午了,我得停下抽支煙。4 try to do something 設(shè)法做某事try doing something (做某事試試?yán)?Try to do your duty well. 盡力做好本職工作。Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.前門沒有人聽見你的聲音,那么敲敲后門試一試。5regret to do something 因做某事感到悲哀(不愉快regret doing 因做某事

20、感到后悔例如:I regret causing him so much inconvenience.我因給他帶來許多不便而感到懊悔。I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer your employment.我很抱歉地通知你,我們不能接受你的雇用。6mean doing 意味著或意思是mean to do something 打算做某事或想要做某事例如:We know that learning a language does not mean just working in a class. 我們知道,學(xué)習(xí)一種語(yǔ)言并不意味著只是在課堂

21、里學(xué)習(xí)。I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我并沒有想傷害你的感情。7go on to do something (做完某事接著做另一件事go on doing something 繼續(xù)做某事例如:I hope it won't go on snowing all day and all night. 我希望雪不要整天整夜下個(gè)不停。Our teacher welcomed the new students and then went on to explain the school regulations. 在歡迎新生后,我們的老師開始解釋

22、學(xué)校的規(guī)章制度。8need to do something 需要做某事(表示主動(dòng)need doing something 需要(表示被動(dòng)例如:You need to work harder. 你需要更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。Your house needs painting. 你的房子需要油漆了。9want to do something 想做某事(表示主動(dòng)want doing 需要(表示被動(dòng)例如:I want to study French.我想學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)。The electric shaver wants repairing before it can be used. 電動(dòng)剃須刀需經(jīng)修理才能使用。10

23、begin和start在下列三種情況下最好用動(dòng)名詞。A.主語(yǔ)是物而不是人時(shí)。例如:The ice began(started to melt. 冰開始融化。The barometer began (startedto fall. 氣壓計(jì)開始下降。B.當(dāng)begin或start 用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。例如:She is beginning (starting to cook the dinner.她開始做飯。C.當(dāng)begin或start后面的動(dòng)詞指心理狀態(tài)或精神活動(dòng)時(shí)。例如:I began to understand my past mistakes.我開始認(rèn)識(shí)自己過去的錯(cuò)誤。She started t

24、o wonder who had done it. 她開始納悶,這件事究竟是誰(shuí)做的。11請(qǐng)比較以下句子:The buses have ceased running.公共汽車已經(jīng)停了。The buses ceased to run. 公共汽車停掉不開了。第一句的意思可能是:“公共汽車今天停開,但是明天將再開?！暗诙€(gè)句子的意思可能是:“公共汽車將停開很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間,也可能永遠(yuǎn)不再開了?！?2在like, hate, prefer動(dòng)詞后,如果表示一般傾向,多用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),如果指特定的或具體的動(dòng)作時(shí),用不定式。例如:I like watching TV. 我喜歡看電視。I'd like t

25、o watch TV this afternoon.今天下午我想看電視。I hate speaking before a big audience.我不喜歡在大庭廣眾面前講話。I hate to speak at the meeting today. 我今天不愿意在會(huì)上發(fā)言。I prefer reading to watching TV.我情愿看書,不愛看電視。I prefer to watch TV today. 我今天情愿看電視。13 be afraid to do something 害怕(不敢去做某事,(常會(huì)發(fā)生對(duì)自己或別人有傷害或令人畏懼的結(jié)果;而be afraid of doing

26、 something 表示害怕(擔(dān)心會(huì)發(fā)生某種不愿發(fā)生的或不應(yīng)發(fā)生的情況(不一定是令人畏懼的情況,可譯為“唯恐(怕”。例如:She was afraid of waking her husband up. 可能丈夫病了或很累,不應(yīng)吵醒他。(恐怕發(fā)生不應(yīng)發(fā)生的可能后果She was afraid to wake her husband up.(如叫醒丈夫,可能他要發(fā)火,責(zé)備她。(害怕去做應(yīng)當(dāng)做或必須做的事I am afraid of asking the teacher. 我害怕問老師。(要麻煩老師,是我不希望發(fā)生的I am afraid to ask the teacher. 我不敢問老師。(

27、表示有必要去問,但老師可能要批評(píng)我4.能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)很多,常見的這樣短語(yǔ)有:accuse of , be fond of , be capable of, be keen on, be proud of , be ashamed of, be responsible for, be sick of , be tired of , beafraid of , insist on, persist in, stick to , suspect of, accuseof, think of, dream of, approve of, prevent (stop, keepfrom, hear

28、 of 等。例如:I am proud of working with you. 我為和你在一起工作感到驕傲。She is good at singing and dancing.她擅長(zhǎng)于唱歌跳舞。I am thinking of going to the industrial exhibition this afternoon. 我想下午去看工業(yè)展覽。I am interested in skating. 我對(duì)滑冰感興趣。5.下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的“to”是介詞,不是不定式的符號(hào),因此后面要接動(dòng)名詞或名詞。accommodate oneself to 使適應(yīng)于,be accustomed to(a

29、ccustom oneself to習(xí)慣于(使習(xí)慣于,be addicted to 沉湎于,admit to承認(rèn),be agreeable to欣然同意, confess to承認(rèn),confine oneself to使局限于,contribute to有助于,devoteto 把奉獻(xiàn)給,be devoted to 獻(xiàn)身于,專心于,be equal to能勝任,fall to 著手,have no (have anobjection to不反對(duì),(反對(duì),object to 反對(duì),look forward to盼望,be opposed to反對(duì),pay attention to 注意,lend

30、 oneself to幫助,prefer doing something to doing something 寧愿而不,see to注意,take to開始從事于,when it comes to 談到,至于,就而論,be used to 習(xí)慣于等等。例如:When it comes to writing short essays, you had better ask his advice. 談到寫短篇文章,你最好請(qǐng)教他。I don't feel equal to doing the work. 我感到不能勝任這工作。I have got used to working on th

31、e night shift. 我上夜班已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了。I have been looking forward to writing a novel by myself.我一起盼望自己寫一本小說。She refused to admit to breaking the window.她拒絕承認(rèn)打破窗子。6.動(dòng)名詞也可以和以下短語(yǔ)連用,作狀語(yǔ)。常見的短語(yǔ)有:apart from, for fear of, in case of, with a view to, with the object of, in the event of等等。例如:We should stay at home today i

32、nstead of going to school. 今天我們應(yīng)該呆在家里而應(yīng)去上學(xué)。He did such a thing with the object of improving his oral English. 他這樣做完全是為了提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平。§ 12動(dòng)名詞的完成式與被動(dòng)形式1.動(dòng)名詞的一般形式通常表示一般性動(dòng)作(即不是明確地在過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:I hate going out in such weather.我討厭這種天氣出門。He put off making a decision. 他拖延時(shí)間,不做決定。2.動(dòng)名

33、詞的完成式表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作完成狀況,通常發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。例如:I am proud of having written such a good novel.我寫了一本這樣好的小說,感到很驕傲。You should have apologized for not having kept your promise.你沒有遵守諾言本來應(yīng)該向我表示歉意。I remember having seen this film before. 我記得以前看過這部電影。I have failed again. I regret not having taken his advice. 我又失敗了。我后悔沒有

34、聽他的勸告。Do you remember having ever promised me that? 你記得曾經(jīng)答應(yīng)過我這件事嗎?【注意】1.在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,雖然動(dòng)作是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的,但我們可以用動(dòng)名詞的一般式。例如:Excuse me for coming late. 原諒我來晚了。On arriving home, he called me. 他一到家,就給我打電話了。Thank you for attending the meeting instead of me.謝謝你替我去參加了會(huì)議。2.如果一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)所表示的是這個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞一般來說要用被動(dòng)

35、形式。例如:You can't go out without being allowed. 沒有人批準(zhǔn)你不能出去。You can't eat anything before being operated on. 在動(dòng)手術(shù)之前你不能吃東西。This math problem is far from being worked out. 這道數(shù)學(xué)難題沒有解出來。Did you mind being punished by the teacher? 你受到老師的懲罰不介意嗎?She was furious at being denied admittance. 不讓她去她很生氣。

36、67;13使用動(dòng)名詞應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題1.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):如果一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)前用一個(gè)物主代詞或名詞的所有格(在口語(yǔ)中可以用賓格代詞來表示動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),這種結(jié)構(gòu)被稱為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)具有以下句法功能:主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。例如:It is no use your telling me not to worry. 你告訴我別擔(dān)心是沒有用的。(主語(yǔ)Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong. 你的正確未必就意味著我的錯(cuò)誤。(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)The firm have deferred my going

37、 on holiday until next month. 商行已經(jīng)把我的休假時(shí)間推遲到下個(gè)月。(賓語(yǔ)What's troubling me is your not having enough money.使我煩惱的是你沒有足夠的錢。(表語(yǔ)What made the teacher angry was Lipin's making much noise. 使教師生氣的是李平的吵鬧。(表語(yǔ)He laughed at my brother and me liking rice pudding.他嘲笑我的兄弟和我喜歡大米布丁。(用賓格代詞,作介詞的賓語(yǔ)There is no need

38、 for that being done.做那件事沒有必要。2.動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)形式。例如:Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他們來支援對(duì)我們是很大的鼓舞。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。3.當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)而又帶有自己的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(形容詞或名詞時(shí),要用it代表動(dòng)名詞,并將它放到補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后。例如:I found it no use arguing with you.我覺得與你辯論是徒勞無益的。I don't think it worthwhile buying such a dict

39、ionary. 我認(rèn)為這樣的詞典不值得一買。Do you consider it any good trying again? 你覺得再試一試會(huì)有好處嗎?【注意】能夠用于這一句型常見的動(dòng)詞有:consider, find, think等。能用于這一句型常見的形容詞和名詞有:any good, no use, no good, worthwhile, useless, senseless, dangerous 等。4.下列短語(yǔ)中的介詞常常省略,因此后面要接動(dòng)名詞。1Spend time(money (in 花時(shí)間(錢(干某事,2be busy (in 忙于(干某事3lose no time (i

40、n 不失時(shí)機(jī)(干某事4There is no point (in(干某事毫無意義5waste time (in 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間(干某事6keep on 繼續(xù)(干某事7have no difficulty (in (干某事沒有困難8have fun (in (干某事有趣9have (notrouble (in (干某事有(沒有困難10 have headaches (in (干某事 頭痛11 end up (by (以干某事告終12 take turns (at 輪流(干某事13 bother (about(因干某事煩惱14 have a hard time (in(因干某事吃苦15 be throu

41、gh (with 完成16 What's the use (of (干某事有什么用?例如:You needn't bother (about coming up.你不必費(fèi)心來跑一趟。Let's take turns (at doing it. 讓我們輪流干吧!5.動(dòng)名詞可以和介詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),作定語(yǔ)用。能夠被這種定語(yǔ)修飾的名詞有:method of , way of, surprise at, art of, opportunity of, habit of, hope of, process of, possibility of , importance of, nece

42、ssity of, intention of , means of , right of, experience of, reason for等。例如:Do you have any experience in running schools? 你有管理學(xué)校的經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎?What's your reason for coming late? 你晚來是什么原因?You must take this opportunity of taking part in the Asian Games. 你一定要抓住參加亞運(yùn)會(huì)這次機(jī)會(huì)。Do you approve of my way of dealing

43、 with this matter? 你贊成我處理這件事的方法嗎?6.如果一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞具有很多名詞的特點(diǎn):可以有自己的冠詞,有自己的定語(yǔ),在某種情況下有復(fù)數(shù)形式;并且也失去了許多動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn):沒有完成式和被動(dòng)式,沒有自己的狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),這樣的動(dòng)名詞被稱為名詞化的動(dòng)名詞。如果要表示它邏輯上的賓語(yǔ),通常在這個(gè)名詞化的動(dòng)名詞后加上一個(gè)介詞of , 再加邏輯賓語(yǔ)。例如:You should have given the classroom a good cleaning. 你本來應(yīng)該把教室好好打掃一下。(有自己的冠詞It was Tom who did the recording. 是湯姆錄的音。(有自己的

44、冠詞This work needs careful planning.這工作需要周密的計(jì)劃。(有自己的定語(yǔ)Did you paid any attention to their comings and goings? 你對(duì)他們的來蹤去跡注意到了嗎?(有復(fù)數(shù)形式Most of the digging , moving and compressing of earth was done by machines. 挖土、運(yùn)土和打夯工作大部分用機(jī)器進(jìn)行。(有自己的邏輯賓語(yǔ)7.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)與不定式作表語(yǔ)的比較:動(dòng)名詞主要說明行為本身,用來表示抽象、泛指的動(dòng)作,并不明確表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,而不定式則表示某

45、次具體的,尚未發(fā)生的將來動(dòng)作。例如:My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。(泛指的行為,表示職業(yè)My job is to teach them to read the text.我的工作是教會(huì)他們讀課文。(表示一次具體的任務(wù)Another error they had made was to think they could beat their opponents.他們所犯的另一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,就是認(rèn)為可能擊敗對(duì)手。(不定式作表語(yǔ)表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)如果是動(dòng)名詞,則表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞,不能用不定式。主語(yǔ)如果是不定式,表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)用不定式,不能用動(dòng)名詞。例如:Seein

46、g is believing.=To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。(不能說:Seeing is to believe. To see is believing.如果動(dòng)作十分抽象,已經(jīng)失去動(dòng)詞性能而接近名詞,則用動(dòng)名詞。例如:My hobby is gardening. 園藝是我的愛好。不說:My hobby is to garden.My favorite winter sport is skating. 我最愛好的冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)是滑冰。(不說:My favorite winter sport is to skate.V-ing 的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法: 動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別V-in

47、g 在英語(yǔ)中可以看作是動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞,它們都可以用作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在句中可以充當(dāng)一定的句子成分?，F(xiàn)將其可以充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞至斜韺?duì)照如下:一、V-ing作動(dòng)名詞時(shí)具有名詞的特征,因而在句中用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ),有時(shí)它可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),也可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如:1. 作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)表示泛指。如:Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry. 湯姆沒有完成作業(yè)使老師很生.(主語(yǔ)Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持辦公室清潔。(表語(yǔ)2.

48、作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞常跟在某些動(dòng)詞如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住, suggest(建議, advise, consider(考慮, practise, admit, imagine 等以及含介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞insist on, stop.from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作賓語(yǔ)。如:Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在這兒吸煙嗎?3. 作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示被修飾詞的用途和作用。如:Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 別忘了帶上購(gòu)物籃子。二、V-ing作現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),它主要在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)及狀語(yǔ)。如:1. 作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。單個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)通常放在被修飾詞的前面.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)則放在被修飾詞之后。如:The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太陽(yáng)看上去很美。若被修飾詞與現(xiàn)在分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),須用現(xiàn)在分詞的