植物的礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)-植物生理學(xué)-

1、Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang 植株矮小，分枝分蘗少；植株矮小，分枝分蘗少；葉片發(fā)黃或發(fā)紅；葉片發(fā)黃或發(fā)紅；產(chǎn)量低。產(chǎn)量低。缺缺N葉色深綠；葉色深綠；貪青晚熟；貪青晚熟；機(jī)械組織不發(fā)達(dá)，易倒伏；機(jī)械組織不發(fā)達(dá)，易倒伏；抗性差，易受病蟲(chóng)害侵害。抗性差，易受病蟲(chóng)害侵害。Designed by XK Wang Des

2、igned by XK Wang 缺缺P蛋白合成受阻；蛋白合成受阻；細(xì)胞分裂能力下降；細(xì)胞分裂能力下降；植株矮小，分蘗分枝少；植株矮小，分蘗分枝少；葉片暗綠或紫紅。葉片暗綠或紫紅。磷酸鈣沉積，形成小焦斑；磷酸鈣沉積，形成小焦斑；妨礙水稻等對(duì)妨礙水稻等對(duì)Si的吸收；的吸收；易缺鋅、缺鈣。易缺鋅、缺鈣。Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang 缺缺K葉片缺綠，葉緣枯焦；葉片缺綠，葉緣枯焦；生長(zhǎng)緩慢；生長(zhǎng)緩慢；莖稈柔弱，易倒伏；莖稈柔弱，易倒伏；抗旱、抗寒能力差?？购怠⒖购芰Σ?。Designed by XK Wang 一般以分析病株葉片的化學(xué)成分與正常植株的一

3、般以分析病株葉片的化學(xué)成分與正常植株的比較。比較。 1 1、化學(xué)分析診斷法、化學(xué)分析診斷法2 2、病癥診斷法、病癥診斷法 缺乏缺乏CaCa、B B、CuCu、MnMn、FeFe、S S時(shí)幼嫩的器時(shí)幼嫩的器官或組織先出現(xiàn)病癥。官或組織先出現(xiàn)病癥。 缺乏缺乏N N、P P、MgMg、K K、ZnZn等時(shí)較老的器官或等時(shí)較老的器官或組織先出現(xiàn)病癥。組織先出現(xiàn)病癥。3 3、加入診斷法、加入診斷法 根據(jù)以上初步診斷缺乏某元素后，加入該元素，根據(jù)以上初步診斷缺乏某元素后，加入該元素，如果病癥消失，就可確定致病的原因。如果病癥消失，就可確定致病的原因。Designed by XK Wang Designed

4、 by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang 定義：定義：物質(zhì)順著電化學(xué)勢(shì)梯度，從電化學(xué)勢(shì)高物質(zhì)順著電化學(xué)勢(shì)梯度，從電化學(xué)勢(shì)高的區(qū)域向電化學(xué)勢(shì)低的區(qū)域轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程。的區(qū)域向電化學(xué)勢(shì)低的區(qū)域轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程。簡(jiǎn)單簡(jiǎn)單擴(kuò)散擴(kuò)散協(xié)助擴(kuò)散：載體運(yùn)輸協(xié)助擴(kuò)散：載體運(yùn)輸單純擴(kuò)散單純擴(kuò)散通道運(yùn)輸通道運(yùn)輸包括包括Designed by XK Wang I、簡(jiǎn)單擴(kuò)散（、簡(jiǎn)單擴(kuò)散（Simple diffusion）Designed by XK Wang I、簡(jiǎn)單擴(kuò)散（、簡(jiǎn)單擴(kuò)散（Simple diffusion）Design

5、ed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang 、協(xié)助擴(kuò)散（、協(xié)助擴(kuò)散（Simple diffusion）Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wa

6、ng Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang 難溶性鹽可通過(guò)根系呼吸釋放的難溶性鹽可通過(guò)根系呼吸釋放的CO2，或檸檬酸，或檸檬酸和蘋(píng)果酸等根系分泌物酸化土壤來(lái)溶解和吸收。和蘋(píng)果酸等根系分泌物酸化土壤來(lái)

7、溶解和吸收。Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang 礦質(zhì)元素的運(yùn)輸：礦質(zhì)元素的運(yùn)輸：動(dòng)力：動(dòng)力：蒸騰作用蒸騰作用通道通道: 導(dǎo)管導(dǎo)管Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang 三、葉面施肥的影響因素：三、葉面施肥的影響因素： 1、角質(zhì)層厚度和葉片幼嫩程度；、角質(zhì)層厚度和葉片幼嫩程度；

8、 2、光照、濕度和溫度等環(huán)境因素。光照弱、濕度大、光照、濕度和溫度等環(huán)境因素。光照弱、濕度大時(shí)有利于吸收，時(shí)有利于吸收，一般陰天或下午一般陰天或下午4-5點(diǎn)時(shí)噴施點(diǎn)時(shí)噴施； 3、溶液濃度、溶液濃度、pH值、值、溶液表面張力溶液表面張力和營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的移和營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的移動(dòng)性。葉面施肥需要添加吐溫、洗滌劑等表面活性劑。動(dòng)性。葉面施肥需要添加吐溫、洗滌劑等表面活性劑。Designed by XK Wang 、礦物質(zhì)在植物體內(nèi)的運(yùn)輸?shù)V物質(zhì)在植物體內(nèi)的運(yùn)輸Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wan

9、g Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang 形態(tài)指標(biāo)：形態(tài)指標(biāo)：如葉色和長(zhǎng)勢(shì)；如葉色和長(zhǎng)勢(shì)；生理指標(biāo)：生理指標(biāo)：元素含量、酰胺含量、酶活性、淀粉元素含量、酰胺含量、酶活性、淀粉含量等；含量等；1 1、作物營(yíng)養(yǎng)指標(biāo)、作物營(yíng)養(yǎng)指標(biāo)土壤肥力：土壤肥力：土壤中全部養(yǎng)分和有效養(yǎng)分的儲(chǔ)存量；土壤中全部養(yǎng)分和有效養(yǎng)分的儲(chǔ)存量；測(cè)土配方施肥：測(cè)土配方施肥：以土壤測(cè)試和肥料田間試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)以土壤測(cè)試和肥料田間試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)作物對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分的需求規(guī)律、土壤養(yǎng)分的供，根據(jù)作物對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分的需求規(guī)律、土壤養(yǎng)分的供應(yīng)能力，綜合提出各營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的施用量和施用時(shí)期應(yīng)能力，綜合提出各營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的施用量和施用時(shí)期的施肥技術(shù)體系。的施肥技術(shù)體系。2 2、土壤肥力指標(biāo)與測(cè)土配方施肥、土壤肥力指標(biāo)與測(cè)土配方施肥Designed by XK Wang Designed by XK Wang 適當(dāng)灌溉；適當(dāng)灌溉；適當(dāng)深耕：適當(dāng)深耕：打破犁底層打破犁底層；改善光照條件：改善光照條件：合理密植