四課數(shù)據(jù)可視化ppt課件

1、第四課數(shù)據(jù)可視化v二維繪圖v三維繪圖v顯示圖像實驗內(nèi)容：用圖形表示離散函數(shù)vn = 0:12;vy=1./abs(n+eps-6);vplot(n,y,r*,MarkerSize,20);vgrid on用圖形表示延續(xù)函數(shù)v對延續(xù)函數(shù)進(jìn)展離散化。v根本方法：采樣。v采樣密度?？梢暬钠胀ú襟Ev繪制二維圖形v繪制三維圖形實驗內(nèi)容：繪制二維圖形v數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)備v選定圖形窗或子圖位置v調(diào)用繪圖指令v設(shè)置顯示值范圍、刻度和坐標(biāo)分格線v圖形注釋v圖形的精細(xì)修飾數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)備v產(chǎn)生自變量的采樣向量及定義域；v計算相應(yīng)的函數(shù)值，相應(yīng)得到值域。vmatlab：vt = pi*(0:100)/100;vy = sin(t)

2、.*sin(9*t);選定圖形窗及子圖位置v缺省窗口v用指令翻開指定圖形窗口和子圖號vmatlab：vfigure(1);vsubplot(2,2,3);調(diào)用繪圖指令v線型v顏色v數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)vmatlab：vplot(t,y,b-)線型符號：.含義實線虛線點(diǎn)劃線雙劃線顏色符號bgrcmykw含義藍(lán)綠紅青品紅黃黑白數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)符號含義符號含義.實心黑點(diǎn)d菱形符diamond+十字符h六角星符hexagram*八線符o空心圓圈朝上三角符p五角星符pentagram朝右三角符x叉字符v朝下三角符設(shè)置顯示值范圍、刻度和坐標(biāo)分格線vmatlab：vaxis(0,pi,-1,1);vgrid on;常用坐標(biāo)指令一坐

3、標(biāo)軸控制方式、取向和范圍指令含義axis auto使用缺省設(shè)置axis manual當(dāng)前坐標(biāo)軸范圍不變axis on使用軸背景axis off取消軸背景axis ij矩陣式坐標(biāo)axis xy普通直角坐標(biāo)axis(v)v=x1,x2,y1,y2手工設(shè)定坐標(biāo)范圍常用坐標(biāo)指令二坐標(biāo)軸的高寬比指令含義axis equal縱橫軸等刻度axis fillmanual下使坐標(biāo)充滿繪圖區(qū)axis image縱橫軸等刻度，坐標(biāo)框緊貼數(shù)據(jù)范圍axis normal缺省矩形坐標(biāo)系axis square產(chǎn)生正方形坐標(biāo)系axis tight把數(shù)據(jù)范圍直接設(shè)為數(shù)據(jù)范圍圖形注釋vmatlab:vtitle(調(diào)制波形);vx

4、label(t); ylabel(y);vlegend(sin(t),sin(t)sin(9t);vtext(2,0.5,y=sin(t)sin(9t);圖形的精細(xì)修飾vmatlab:vset(h,MarkerSize,10);疊繪vt = 2*pi*(0:20)/20;vy = cos(t).*exp(-0.4*t);vstem(t,y,g);vhold on;vstairs(t,y,r);vhold off;實驗內(nèi)容：繪制三維圖形v三維數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)備：曲線和曲面v選定圖形窗及子圖位置v設(shè)置顯示值范圍、刻度和坐標(biāo)分格線v圖形注釋v著色、明暗、燈光和材質(zhì)處置v視點(diǎn)、三度縱橫高比繪制三維曲線vmatl

5、ab:vt = pi*(0:0.02:2);vx = sin(t); y=cos(t); z = cos(2*t);vplot3(x,y,z,b-,x,y,z,bd);vview(-82,58), box on, legend(鏈,寶石);繪制三維曲面vmatlab:vx = -10:0.1:10;vy = -10:0.1:10;vX,Y = meshgrid(x,y);vZ = X.2+Y.2;vmesh(Z);根本三維繪圖指令v曲線：vplot3v曲面：vmeshvsurfvstem3vn = 0:0.1:12;vy = 1./abs(n+eps-6);vh = plot(n,y,r*,M

6、arkerSize,20);vgrid onv vtitle(調(diào)制波形);vxlabel(t); ylabel(y);vlegend(sin(t)sin(9t);vtext(2,0.5,y=sin(t)sin(9t);v vset(h,MarkerSize,10);vt = 2*pi*(0:20)/20;vy = cos(t).*exp(-0.4*t);vstem(t,y,g);vhold on;vstairs(t,y,r);vhold off;vt = pi*(0:0.02:2);vx = sin(t); y=cos(t); z = cos(2*t);vplot3(x,y,z,b-,x,y,

7、z,bd);vview(-82,58), box on, legend(鏈,寶石);vx = -10:0.1:10;vy = -10:0.1:10;v vX,Y = meshgrid(x,y);vZ = X.2+Y.2;vmesh(Z);三維圖形效果v透視v鏤空v裁剪透 視vX0,Y0,Z0 = sphere(30);vmesh(X0,Y0,Z0);vshading interpvhidden offvaxis equal, axis off鏤 空vt = linspace(0,2*pi,100); r = 1-exp(-t/2).*cos(4*t);vx,y,z = cylinder(r,6

8、0);vii = find(x0);vz(ii) = NaN;vsurf(x,y,z); colormap(spring); shading interp裁 剪vx = -8:0.05:8; y = x; vX,Y = meshgrid(x,y); ZZ = X.2-Y.2;vii = find(abs(X)6|abs(Y)6);vZZ(ii) = zeros(size(ii);vsurf(X,Y,ZZ), shading interp; colormap(copper)特殊圖形指令v面域圖 areav直方圖 bar barh bar3 bar3hv餅圖 pie pie3v填色圖 fill f

9、ill3面域圖 areavx = -2:2vy = 3,5,2,4,1;3,4,5,2,1;5,4,3,2,5vcum_sum = cumsum(y);varea(x,y,0)vlegend(要素A,要素B,要素C),grid on,colormap(spring)直方圖 bar barhvx = -2:2vy = 3,5,2,4,1;3,4,5,2,1;5,4,3,2,5vsubplot(1,2,1),bar(x,y,stacked)vxlabel(x), ylabel(Sigma y), colormap(cool) vlegend(要素A,要素B,要素C)vsubplot(1,2,2),

10、 barh(x,y,grouped)vxlabel(y), ylabel(x)vlegend(要素A,要素B,要素C)直方圖 bar3 bar3hvsubplot(1,2,1), bar3(x,y,1)vxlabel(要素ABC), ylabel(x),zlabel(y)vcolormap(summer)vsubplot(1,2,2), bar3h(x,y,grouped)vylabel(y), zlabel(x)餅圖 pie pie3va = 1,1.6,1.2,0.8,2.1;vsubplot(1,2,1), pie(a,1 0 1 0 0),vlegend(1,2,3,4,5);vsubplot(1,2,2), pie3(a),colormap(cool)填色圖 fill vn = 10;vdt = 2*pi/n; t = 0:dt:2*pi;vt = t,t(1);vx = sin(t); y = cos(t);vfill(x,y,c); axis offvgtext(十邊行);填色圖 fill3vxc = ones(2,4)/2;vx = xc;0 1 1 0;vy = xc;0 0 1 1;vz = 1 1 1 1;0 0 0 0;0 0 0 0;vc = 1